SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “scale development”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 631 records · Page 35Linked to original sources

PubMed2002

Does Deqi (needle sensation) exist?

The mechanism, by which acupuncture works is not yet clear, therefore there is no unequivocal consensus about styles and sensations of needling. To enhance the scientific base of acupuncture, needling somehow should be objectified. The term Deqi is understood to represent all or at least the main form of phenomena to acupuncture stimulation. The characteristics of Deqi, however, have always been based on a translation of original Chinese description. Hoping to find a clue to develop sham (placebo) method for subject blinding, we investigated which sensations are frequently expected and experienced, and whether or not these expectations and experiences of sensations are similar in naive subjects. The acupuncture sensation scale developed by Vincent et al. (1989) was translated into Korean. Thirty-eight healthy acupuncture naïve female volunteers (mean age 29.1, range 25-39) were asked to complete the sensation scale of acupuncture according to what they expected needling to feel like before needling. Needling was done on left Hegu (LI4) point in the hand and consisted of insertion, stimulation for 30 seconds, and removal. Directly after needling, the subjects were asked to complete the same sensation scale according to what they experienced. The subjects expected to feel hurting, penetrating, sharp, tingling, pricking and stinging, and actually experienced aching, spreading, radiating, pricking and stinging more than 60% of the time. Comparison between expectation and experience, the subjects expected more penetrating, tingling, pricking and burning than they experienced, and on the contrary experienced more aching, pulling, heavy, dull, electric and throbbing than they expected. Traditionally described sensations of Deqi are something beyond just a general pain dimension in the Korean population. Further study involving acupuncture experienced subjects or subjects from other cultures need to confirm this finding. Moreover, sham acupuncture should be studied.

Acupuncture↗

PubMed1994

Explaining information technology use with the usefulness scale: a comparison with user age.

Understanding and predicting the use of information technology is an important problem in healthcare management. The relationships among user characteristics and information technology have generally been weak. This paper describes a recently developed scale that measures perceived usefulness of information technology. Following this description, the scale is compared with user age in ability to explain information technology use. The results suggest perceived usefulness explains a significant proportion of the variance in use (r2 = .13, p < or = 0.0001), while age was not a significant predictor. Implications and suggestions for use of the usefulness scale are discussed.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Adolescents with myelomeningocele: activities, beliefs, expectations, and perceptions.

The Carnegie Council on Adolescent Development, USA has identified activities, beliefs, and perceptions critical for healthy development. The aim of this study was to measure the activities, beliefs and expectations, and perceived outcomes of adolescents with myelomeningocele. In this descriptive study, 66 adolescents with myelomeningocele, aged 12 to 21 years and functioning at grade level, completed a structured interview. Thirty-eight (58%) of the participants were female. The level of lesion was distributed as follows: 30% had thoracic level lesions, 32% had lumbar level lesions, 15% had lumbosacral level lesions, and 23% of the sample had sacral level lesions. Instruments used had both established reliability and validity (WeeFIM, Harter's Self-Perception Profile, Austin's Child Attitude Toward Illness Scale, and Snyder's Hope Scale, Adolescent Decision-Making Inventory, Adolescent Coping Scale) or were scales developed for this study (Adolescent Activities Inventory, Future Expectations Scale, Communication Efficacy, and Adolescent Self-Management and Independence Scale). Scale reliabilities ranged from 0.70 to 0.88. These participants, though hopeful and positive in their attitudes toward myelomeningocele and generally able to perform activities of daily living independently, are not engaging in the full range of adolescent activities (decision making, friendship activities, and household responsibilities) and achieving positive outcomes (self-management and job) necessary to make a successful transition to adulthood. This might explain why so many individuals with myelomeningocele are underemployed and are not living independently as young adults.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMedDate not supplied

A systematic approach for scale-down model development and characterization of commercial cell culture processes.

The objective of process characterization is to demonstrate robustness of manufacturing processes by understanding the relationship between key operating parameters and final performance. Technical information from the characterization study is important for subsequent process validation, and this has become a regulatory expectation in recent years. Since performing the study at the manufacturing scale is not practically feasible, development of scale-down models that represent the performance of the commercial process is essential to achieve reliable process characterization. In this study, we describe a systematic approach to develop a bioreactor scale-down model and to characterize a cell culture process for recombinant protein production in CHO cells. First, a scale-down model using 2-L bioreactors was developed on the basis of the 2000-L commercial scale process. Profiles of cell growth, productivity, product quality, culture environments (pH, DO, pCO2), and level of metabolites (glucose, glutamine, lactate, ammonia) were compared between the two scales to qualify the scale-down model. The key operating parameters were then characterized in single-parameter ranging studies and an interaction study using this scale-down model. Appropriate operation ranges and acceptance criteria for certain key parameters were determined to ensure the success of process validation and the process performance consistency. The process worst-case condition was also identified through the interaction study.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

[Aspects of object relations in borderline and neurotic patients: an empirical study using the Holtzman Inkblot technic].

In the present study hospitalized borderline and neurotic patients were compared concerning certain aspects of object relations. The diagnosis of a borderline disorder was given on the basis of the "Diagnostic Interview for Borderlines" (Gunderson u. Kolb 1978). Certain aspects of object relations were assessed by applying the 7-point scale developed by Urist (1977) to responses in the Holtzman Inkblot Technique. According to the results the two diagnostic groups differ with regard to 5 of the 7 scale levels which are connected with the following interpersonal themes: Being supplied and guided; controlling; sucking out, devouring and damaging; engulfing and overwhelming. The results are interpreted referring to object relation theory. Furthermore hit rates were assessed on the basis of the Urist scale data with relatively good results for sensitivity and specifity.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Standardizing faculty evaluation of nurse practitioner students by using simulated patients.

Biases related to variations among patients and settings may be reduced by having faculty evaluate the clinical skills of students as they interact with simulated patients. The Student Clinical Performance Scale is a rating scale developed to standardize assessment of videotaped simulated patient encounters with family nurse practitioner students. In a pilot study of faculty interrater reliability, correlation coefficients for independent scoring by faculty pairs using the Student Clinical Performance Scale varied widely among six case studies, and several scenario- and faculty-related factors served as systematic sources of faculty variability. The findings demonstrate the importance of a rigorous approach to developing and testing instruments that guide measurement of clinical competence. The use of simulated patients to evaluate nurse practitioner students provides opportunities to assess a wide range of attributes and holds promise for assessing advanced clinical skills in controlled educational environments.

Clinical Competence↗

PubMed2003

Criterion-related validity of the PDD Behavior Inventory.

The PDD Behavior Inventory (PDDBI) is a rating scale filled out by parents and teachers that is designed to assess response to intervention in children with PDD. It consists of subscales that measure both maladaptive and adaptive behaviors and also provides a summary "Autism Score" reflective of the severity of the condition. The scale has been shown to have very good internal consistency as well as developmental and construct validity. In this study, the PDDBI's criterion-related validity was assessed. Correlations with the Childhood Autism Rating Scale and the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised were good. Selected maladaptive scales from the PDDBI correlated well with comparable factors of the Nisonger Child Behavior Rating Form. The adaptive sections of the PDDBI correlated highly with the Griffiths Mental Development Scales and with the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales. These results confirm the validity of the PDDBI and suggest that the scale will have value in assessing treatment-related changes in maladaptive and adaptive behaviors associated with PDD.

Autistic Disorder↗

PubMed1995

Assessing altered body image.

Like pain, altered body image remains highly personal, abstract and difficult to describe. It has taken nearly a century to define the concept of body image, and to construe a reasonable working definition of altered body image (ABI). During this time, the assessment of body image has focused upon the researcher and his/her needs, rather than the professional nurse, who must arrive at a practical means to understanding patients' distress, and identify possible solutions. In this paper the author suggests parameters for the assessment of ABI in the practical arena, based both upon ongoing asthma care research and the experience of practitioners developing body image counsellor roles. It is suggested that altered body image should be assessed as part of an integrated approach, and that the complicated risk or cathexis scales developed for psychological research have limited use within the clinical setting.

Body Image↗

PubMed2004

A short scale for the assessment of motor impairments and disabilities in Parkinson's disease: the SPES/SCOPA.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the reliability and validity of the Short Parkinson's Evaluation Scale (SPES)/SCales for Outcomes in Parkinson's disease (SCOPA)-a short scale developed to assess motor function in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). METHODS: Eighty five patients with PD were assessed with the SPES/SCOPA, Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), Hoehn and Yahr (H&Y) scale, and Schwab and England (S&E) scale. Thirty four patients were examined twice by two different assessors who were blinded to each other's scores and test executions. Additionally, six items of the motor section of the SPES/SCOPA were assessed in nine patients and recorded on videotape to evaluate inter-rater and intra-rater reliability. RESULTS: The reproducibility of the sum scores in the clinical assessments was high for all subscales of the SPES/SCOPA. Inter-rater reliability coefficients for individual items ranged from 0.27-0.83 in the motor impairment section, from 0.58-0.82 in the activities of daily living section, and from 0.65-0.92 in the motor complications section. Inter-rater reliability of the motor items in the video assessments ranged from 0.70-0.87 and intra-rater reliability ranged from 0.81-0.95. The correlation between related subscales of the SPES/SCOPA and UPDRS were all higher than 0.85, and both scales revealed similar correlations with other measures of disease severity. The mean time to complete the scales differed significantly (p<0.001) and measured 8.1 (SD 1.9) minutes for the SPES/SCOPA and 15.6 (SD 3.6) minutes for the UPDRS. CONCLUSION: The SPES/SCOPA is a short, reliable, and valid scale that can adequately be used in both research and clinical practice.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed2000

The Driving Vengeance Questionnaire (DVQ): the development of a scale to measure deviant drivers' attitudes.

The Driving Vengeance Questionnaire (DVQ) was developed and administered to assess drivers' use of vengeance when faced with common driving situations. Subjects in the development of the scale were 266 male and female university students. The scale was then administered to 271 university students (both male and female) and 74 male inmates who were classified as either violent or nonviolent offenders on the basis of the amount of force used in committing the offence. A Cronbach alpha of .83 (M = 40.76, n = 310) indicated a high level of internal consistency for the DVQ. Younger drivers (18-23 years old) indicated higher levels of vengeance while driving than did older drivers (24-66 years old, M = 44.35 and 37.81, respectively). Those with less driving experience (0-6 years) expressed higher levels of vengeance while driving than more experienced drivers (6+ years, M = 42.95 and 38.81, respectively). Male drivers responded with greater vengeance to the questionnaire items than females (M = 42.07 and 39.62, respectively). The level of force used in commission of crime failed to correlate with the DVQ. A factor analysis was performed with a different sample of subjects using a slightly modified version of the DVQ to deal with the issue of whether horn honking constituted an appropriate measure of aggression. When the two relevant DVQ items were changed to read "leaning on horn" rather than mere honking, a strong, single factor of vengeance was found to characterize the scale. Suggestions were made for the use of DVQ in the screening of driving license applicants and in the study of problem drivers.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2006

Cultural self-efficacy of licensed registered nurses in New Mexico.

This study determined the level of cultural self-efficacy of licensed Registered Nurses caring for multiethnic patients (White non-Hispanic, Hispanic, African American Native American and Asian American) in New Mexico, and the level of influence of various background and demographic variables. The sample consisted of 1000 randomly selected New Mexico licensed RNs. The Cultural Self-Efficacy Scale, developed by Bernal and Froman (1987), was modified and used to measure the confidence level of the licensed Registered Nurses. It is a 25-item Likert-type scale that groups cultural self-efficacy ratings into three categories: (a) knowledge of cultural concepts; (b) self-efficacy in performing cultural nursing skills; and (c) knowledge of cultural life patterns for specific ethnic groups. The data show that RNs in New Mexico are moderately efficacious in caring for patients/clients of cultures other than their own. Few demographic variables (age, number ofyears an RN) correlated with higher cultural self-efficacy levels. This study provided information on practicing nurses in New Mexico which, to date, was non-existent. Licensed Registered Nurses in New Mexico are moderately efficacious in caring for patients of five cultural/ethnic groups.

Adult↗

PubMed1976

Attitudes and accidents aboard an aircraft carrier.

A 22-item questionnaire, developed to measure various behavioral attitudes reportedly associated with accidents, was given to 879 enlisted air wing support personnel and 156 aviators on an aircraft carrier at the start of deployment. A factor analysis of these 22 items indicated six underlying concepts for which scales were created. Personnel injuries for the air wing and aircraft accidents for the aviators were recorded for the duration of the cruise, and correlations of these criteria with the 22 items and six scales were computed. Three items significantly predicted accidents in both populations and all three appeared in the same factor. The Adventurous scale developed from this factor was significantly (p less than or equal to 0.01) correlated with accidents in both groups. This scale appears to measure attitudes toward risk taking, which was the only concept found useful for the prediction of future accidents in this study.

Accidents, Aviation↗

PubMed1988

[Relationships among self concept, perception of aging and physical aging].

Although everyone grows old, perception about the aging process and aging as measured physiologically vary widely. Perceptions of aging have psychologically influence on physical aging. This study was to examine the relationships between, self-concept, perception of aging, and physical aging in the elderly and to contribute to the theory development which may direct nursing intervention to promote well-being of the aged. Subjects were 70 women residents of a nursing home for the elderly in Seoul. Data collection was done from May 15 to June 15, 1988 using interview schedules and mechanical instruments. The instruments were selected items from the Health Self Concept Scale developed by Jacox and Stewart for self concept, and Secord and Jourad's Body Cathexis Scale and Osgood's Semantic Differential Scale for perception of aging. Physical aging was measured by mechanical instruments, inspection, questions, and palpation. The data were analysed for mean, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson Correlation Coefficient using an S.P.S.S computerized program. The results of the analysis were as follows. 1. The mean level of self concept for the subject group was 16.97 (SD = +/- 6.17) in a range from 6-30. The mean level of perception of aging was 39.6. (SD = +/- 6.51) in a range from 13-65. The mean level of physical aging was 14.09 (SD = +/- 2.05) in a range from 8-40. 2. Relationships among self-concept, perception of aging, and physical aging. 1) There was a positive relationship between self-concept and perception of aging (r = 0.4461, p = 0.000). 2) There was a negative relationship between physical aging and perception of aging (r = -0.2975, p = 0.006). 3) There was a tendency toward a negative relationship between physical aging and self-concept, but not a significant relationship (r = -0.1033, p = 0.197). 3. 1) No general characteristic variables were related to self concept. 2) The general characteristic variable related to the level of perception of aging was religion (t = 4.17, p = 0.001). 3) The general characteristic variable related to the level of physical aging was age (F = 12.008, p = 0.000). There was a significant relationship between self-concept and perception of aging, and between physical aging and perception of aging. Therefore nursing intervention should focus on promoting a positive perception of aging and strengthening self-concept during the physical aging process.

Aged↗

PubMed2002

[Posttraumatic stress disorder in victims of sexual assault--related to depression or physical symptoms].

UNLABELLED: To clarify the clinical characteristics of mental disorders in sexual assault victims, we investigated the victims focusing on PTSD, depression, physical symptoms, and their relationships. SUBJECTS: Participants were 46 treatment-seeking female victims of sexual assault who consulted four hospitals, one clinic and one psychological services center, between February 2000 and April 2001. The mean +/- SD age of the participants was 28.0 +/- 8.9 years, the mean +/- SD period from the traumatic event was 94.5 +/- 88.0 months. PTSD was diagnosed and evaluated using a structured interview (Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-IV: CAPS). Depressive symptoms were assessed using Self-rating Depression Scales (SDS). Physical symptoms were assessed using the Physical symptom scale developed by the authors. RESULTS: Thirty-two participants (69.6%) met the criteria for PTSD in their current diagnosis, and 41 (89.1%) had the disorder at some point during their lives. SDS score and Physical symptom scale score of the PTSD group were significantly higher than those scores of the non-PTSD group. The SDS score correlated with the Avoidant-numbing score. The Physical symptoms scale score correlated with the Intrusion score and Hyperarousal score. We think that the PTSD group had the co-existing depression secondary to PTSD. Although previous studies have discussed the relationship between physical symptoms and Hyperarousal symptoms, this study suggested that physical symptoms were related to Intrusion symptoms as much as Hyperarousal symptoms. We found 2 patterns when PTSD patients reported physical symptoms related to Intrusion symptoms. The patterns were caused (1) by physiological reactivity on exposure to internal or external cues that symbolize an aspect of the traumatic event, and caused (2) by somatic reenactment symptoms. CONCLUSION: We discuss the importance for clinicians to distinguish Intrusion symptoms from physical symptoms as well as Avoidant-numbing symptoms from depressive symptoms on PTSD diagnosis. Because sexual assault victims have difficulty in talking about the traumatic experience, clinicians should pay attention to these findings in developing therapeutic plans for the victims.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1983

The Sandoz Clinical Assessment-Geriatric (SCAG) scale. A general-purpose psychogeriatric rating scale.

In response to a need for an easily used general-purpose rating scale designed specifically for the evaluation of pharmacotherapy in senile dementia and related conditions, the Sandoz Clinical Assessment-Geriatric (SCAG) scale was developed. This scale has been widely used in geriatric psychopharmacologic research and has been found to be sensitive, valid, and reliable for this purpose. In order to provide investigators with guidelines for the evaluation of the 18 items and global evaluation provided on the scale, with a view to improving interrater reliability, a manual was developed for this purpose. As the existence of this manual is not widely known, it is presented so that the SCAG scale may be used in a more uniform manner from investigator to investigator.

Aged↗

PubMed2004

Gravitational effects on structure development in quenched complex fluids.

When binary liquid mixtures are cooled rapidly from a homogeneous phase into a two-phase system, domains of the two equilibrium phases form and grow (coarsen) with time. In the absence of an external forcing due to gravity or an imposed shear flow, a dynamic scaling regime emerges in which the domain morphology is statistically self-similar at different times with a length-scale that grows with time. In the presence of gravity, however, multiple length scales develop, with the system coarsening more rapidly in the direction of the force. The late-time behavior of such a system is characterized in this study by the calculation of anisotropic growth laws. Gravitation effects significantly affect scaling laws, even with small density mismatch, and the growth mechanism has some similarities to the sedimentation process. However, very few numerical studies have been made of such effects; this is one of the first.

Diffusion↗

PubMed2001

An examination of the MMPI-2 Wiener-Harmon Subtle subscales for D and Hy: implications for parent scale and neurotic triad interpretation.

This research explores the scale development process for the MMPI-2 Wiener and Harmon (1946) Subtle subscales for Depression (D) and Hysteria (Hy) to provide insight into why certain items were included on these scales and were subsequently but inappropriately assumed to be subtle indicators of the same pathology that the Obvious items measure. In this research, I also explore what the Subtle scales on D and Hy measure and their potential utility for the interpretation of their parent scales and the "neurotic triad." It was hypothesized that the D and Hy Subtle subscales are related to denial, repression, or both and this hypothesis was supported. In a sample of 1,240 inpatient and outpatient psychiatric patients at a large Army medical center, it was found that these subscales had strong positive correlations with othe scales on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2; Butcher, Dahlstrom. Graham, Tellegen, & Kaemmer, 1989) related to denial, repression, or both. It was also found that they had strong negative correlations with scales on the MMPI-2 and Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI-II; Millon, 1987) that are related to symptom endorsement, which can be considered the opposite of denial or repression. In addition, ratings of the Subtle items on D and Hy by clinical psychology residents were consistent with the hypothesis that these items reflect a denial of psychological or physical dysfunction.

Defense Mechanisms↗

PubMed1994

Adolescent Milieu Rating Scale: tool for therapeutic management.

The Milieu Rating Scale developed at North Star Hospital allows staff to anticipate behavioral problems and respond decisively and immediately. Since a stable community is necessary for effective treatment to take place, the scale ensures superior patient care. Patient anxiety is reduced under a staff that is confident that they have control and are aware of inappropriate and secretive behavior. Use of the scale allows better staffing patterns, justification for acuity, control of expenses, and the opportunity for staff to identify potential problems. The scale also involves the patient community in determining positive and negative reinforcers.

Adolescent↗