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PubMedDate not supplied

[Mucosal immunity in children with HIV infection and the possibility of correcting this immunity].

The influence of bacterial lysate [see text]PC-19 on the mucosal immunity of children with HIV infection was evaluated. The action of this topical immunomodulator was found to increase the synthesis of sIgA, which was indirectly reflected in a rise of the local immunity of the upper respiratory ways, preventing the aggravation of the chronic focal infection and the main disease. It should be pointed out that in a group of HIV-infected children and adolescents with an initially high level of salivary IgG the prescription of preparation [see text]PC-19 led to its considerable decrease. A decrease in the level of IgG and a rise in the content of sIgA in saliva under the action of the preparation correlated with a decrease in inflammatory changes in the nasopharyngeal mucosa. On the basis of results obtained in this study additions to the algorithm of the prophylactic medical observation of children and adolescents with HIV infection have been developed.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pharmacokinetics of butixocort 21-propionate, budesonide, and beclomethasone dipropionate in the rat after intratracheal, intravenous, and oral treatments.

The disposition of butixocort 21-propionate (JO 1222) in the rat after intratracheal treatment with a pulmonary aerosol was compared to that of budesonide (BUD) and beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) using tritium-labeled aerosols. Each aerosol canister delivered 50 micrograms of 3H-labeled steroid through an intratracheal catheter directly into the lung. Rats were sacrificed at different times after treatment. Lung and plasma concentrations of unchanged drug and active metabolites were measured by HPLC using a radioactivity detector. Tritium-labeled drugs (1.5 mg/kg) also were administered by the iv and oral routes for the purpose of comparing their systemic availability. The extent of biotransformation of all three steroids in the lung was very limited. JO 1222 was metabolized to the active compounds butixocort (JO 1717) and butixocort 21-methyl (JO 1605). BDP was transformed primarily to beclomethasone monopropionate (BMP); BUD was not metabolized in the lung. In contrast to these results, large differences were observed between plasma concentrations and systemic availability of the three drugs. BUD was rapidly absorbed from the lung, and its plasma elimination half-life was about 3 hr. BDP was hydrolyzed rapidly into its active metabolite BMP after intratracheal and iv treatments; BDP was not observed in plasma after oral treatment. Additionally, plasma concentrations of BMP were higher than those of BUD administered at the same doses. Assuming that BDP was transformed entirely into BMP, the oral bioavailability of BMP at 1.5 mg/kg was around 72%, while that of BUD was 15%. JO 1222 has a distinct pharmacokinetic profile due to the extensive metabolic clearance of both the unchanged drug and its active metabolites JO 1717 and JO 1605.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Absorption↗
PubMed1991

Cocaine-induced psychosis.

BACKGROUND: Chronic stimulant use can produce a paranoid psychosis that is similar to acute paranoid schizophrenia. While this phenomenon has been systematically explored in amphetamine abusers, it has been relatively unexplored in a systematic fashion in cocaine abusers. METHOD: The experience of cocaine-induced psychosis was evaluated in 55 individuals consecutively admitted for treatment of DSM-III-R cocaine dependence. Each subject was interviewed about their experiences of psychosis while intoxicated by means of a standardized, semistructured interview. RESULTS: Fifty-three percent (29/55) of those interviewed reported experiencing transient cocaine-induced psychosis. There was no significant difference in lifetime amount of cocaine use or amount of cocaine use in the month before admission between those who experienced psychosis and those who did not. The psychosis-positive group used significantly more cocaine in the year prior to admission (p less than or equal to .02) and had a longer duration of use (p less than or equal to .01). Males were significantly (p less than or equal to .05) more likely than females to develop psychosis. Ninety percent (26/29) developed paranoid delusions directly related to drug use. Ninety-six percent (28/29) of the subjects experienced hallucinations: 83% (24/29), auditory hallucinations; 38% (11/29), visual hallucinations; and 21% (6/29), tactile hallucinations. Twenty-seven percent (15/55) of subjects developed transient behavioral stereotypies. CONCLUSION: Cocaine-induced paranoia is a common experience among chronic users. Amount and duration of use are related to its development. Implications for a kindling model of cocaine-induced psychosis will be discussed.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Response to the administration of corticosteroids in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease and asthma].

A spirometric study was performed in order to evaluate the response to the administration of 200 mg of salbutamol, just before and after the daily administration of 8 mg of triamcinolone, for an average period of 2 weeks, in 21 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or asthma. Eleven patients responded with a significant increase of FVC or FEV1 or FEF25-75%, after administration of corticoid. Ten patients did not respond. In average there was a significant increase of the FVC and VEF1 (p < 0.01) and of FEF25-75% (p < 0.05) after the administration of corticoid. There was no significant difference between the responders and not responders when the age, initial FVC, FEV1 and FEF25-75% were taken in consideration. A significantly greater number of responders to corticoid responded also to the bronchodilator with an increase of FEF25-75%. There was a significant negative correlation between the intensity of the response to corticoid versus bronchodilator measured with delta FEF25-75%. The administration of corticoid did not change the response to bronchodilator.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1991

[Galenic forms].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1991

New trends in asthma management.

The trend in asthma management is to promote the regular use of preventive medications to reduce airway inflammation and to maintain good control of asthma. Bronchodilators are to be used on an 'as required' basis when symptoms or peak flow rates indicate and in uncontrolled asthma. New delivery devices are becoming available. It is hoped that all asthmatics will have an asthma management plan developed by their doctors, so that patients understand how to control their asthma, how to assess their asthma control, and what to do in the situation of uncontrolled asthma.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1991

The allergic patient who is noncompliant and abusive: dealing with the adverse experience.

The field of Allergy-Immunology is involved with the care of patients with chronic illness. The care of these patients is enhanced when the physician has established good rapport with the patient. The noncompliant, disruptive behavior of some patients can try the patience of even the most understanding physicians and, in turn, impede the delivery of care. Interactions with this type of patient may leave the physician with feelings of guilt, frustration, and helplessness. We review such an encounter with the purpose of describing how to deal with this type of patient and to guide the physician in responding to this adverse behavior. Such patients will usually require limits to be set on behavioral acting out for their own best interest. Further, it is often necessary to make continued care contingent on compliance with the ground rules set. The physician must be aware of his or her adverse feelings toward the patient and be able to interpret the behavior in the context of the psychiatric disorder so that appropriate psychologic help for the patient can be provided.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1990

[The criterial significance of the histochemical manifestations of the nephrotoxic effect of mercury in its complex uptake into the body].

Certain aspects of kidney metabolism under a complex organism exposure to mercury have been studied. Different kinds of the heavy metal effect on various chains of metabolism have been established, dependent on the concentration and duration of mercury intake, which is evidence of the many mechanisms and ways of detoxication process. Oxido-reduction enzymes activity is changed due to direct mercury exposure, as well as due to disturbances in boundness of metabolic processes in which these enzymes are involved. The peculiarity of thiolysis mercury effect is the influence of mercury on protein metabolism enzymes--glutamate dehydrogenase (GDG) and NADF-dependent GDG, which is closely related to restructuring of oxidation-reduction kidney functions.

Administration, Inhalation↗