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Results for “Behavioral problems”

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PubMed1984

The therapeutic effects of a playground apparatus on children with behavioral problems.

The " Moonwalk ," an apparatus consisting of an air-filled trampoline, was evaluated as a reward for children with emotional and behavioral problems. Two age groups of hospitalized children, 23 aged 5 to 12 and 12 aged 13 to 18, were evaluated utilizing (a) a 26-item teacher's rating scale; (b) a 4-item, 5-point scale to assign ratings to the students before and after the Moonwalk activity; and (c) the students' response to a 7-item consumer questionnaire. Teacher observers found the younger age group showed improvement in behavior at school after the Moonwalk was offered as a reward. The Moonwalk , as a reinforcement, offered a simple method to improve emotional or behavioral problems in an institutional setting.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1988

Problem behavior and psychiatric impairment within a developmentally disabled population. III: Psychotropic medication.

This report is the third in a series on problem behavior and psychiatric impairment in a population of 35,000 individuals receiving developmental disabilities services. Young and middle-aged adults were found to receive psychotropic medication at higher rates than children, adolescents, or elderly persons. Psychotropic receipt rates were found to increase with increasing severity of mental retardation, but most evidently with increasing restrictiveness of residential setting, increasing rated severity of problem behaviors, and presence of a psychiatric impairment. Rates of medication receipt also varied as a function of psychiatric diagnostic category. Discussion remarks emphasize the need to include information relative to clinical and social aspects of program settings and the roles and decision-making performance of physicians and psychologists in research on settings serving persons with developmental disabilities.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Severity of violence against women correlates with behavioral problems in their children.

In order to examine the type and severity of violence against women by intimate partners and the associated behavioral problems of their children, 83 abused women were interviewed when they presented to the criminal justice system for protective orders or to file assault charges. Two questionnaires were administered: (a) the 46-item Severity of Violence Against Women Scale (SVAWS) measured threats of abuse and actual physical violence, and (b) the 118-item Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) measured child behavior problems for children between the ages of 4 and 18.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1995

Behavioral problems of adolescents with chronic physical illness: a comparison of parent-report and self-report measures.

This study reports on the extent of behavior problems in Israeli adolescents suffering from chronic illness. A comparison was made between parent-reported and self-reported behavioral symptomatology using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and the Youth Self-Report (YSR). 103 outpatients, aged 11-16 years, suffering from cystic fibrosis (CF), asthma, or hematological/oncological conditions were assessed. Healthy adolescents and adolescents referred for psychiatric assessment comprised the comparison groups. Parent- and self-reports were significantly positively correlated in each group (all chronically ill children r = .22; Healthy group r = .27; psychiatric group r = .50), but the correlations were particularly low (and non-significant) in younger adolescents with hematological/oncological conditions or HCF., pointing to the need for physicians to include parents' and adolescents' viewpoints in their assessments of these adolescents' psychosocial state. The mean number of parent-reported and self-reported behavior problems in the illness groups was no different from that of the Healthy group but significantly lower than that of the psychiatric group.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2001

Mediators of behavioral problems in 7-year-old children born after 24 to 28 weeks of gestation.

We tested the hypothesis that prematurity acts through its association with neuromotor and intellectual functioning to explain behavior problems at school age. Sixty-one extremely preterm (EP) very low birth weight (VLBW) children (< 29 wk and < 1,500 g) born in 1987-1990 and 44 normal birth weight children (NBW) (> 37 wk and > 2,500 g) were matched for age, sex, and socioeconomic status (SES). Mediator variables were evaluated at a hospital at 5 years and 9 months. Behaviors were evaluated at school at 7 years by peers, teachers, and parents. When compared with NBW children, EP/VLBW children had poorer IQ and neuromotor development. At school, EP/VLBW children were evaluated by peers as more sensitive/ isolated, and by teachers and parents as more inattentive and hyperactive than NBW. When mediators were introduced, the previously significant relation between prematurity and behavior problems disappeared. Hyperactive and inattentive behaviors were explained by a specific working memory factor for the latter, and by a general intellectual delay for the former, whereas sensitive/isolated behaviors were best explained by neuromotor delays. Inattentive behaviors were also related to family adversity. At school age, extreme prematurity had thus an indirect effect on behaviors via specific and nonspecific intellectual and neuromotor delays.

Age Factors↗

PubMed2006

Longitudinal relationships between sibling behavioral adjustment and behavior problems of children with developmental disabilities.

Siblings of children with developmental disabilities were assessed twice, 2 years apart (N = 75 at Time 1, N = 56 at Time 2). Behavioral adjustment of the siblings and their brother or sister with developmental disability was assessed. Comparisons of adjustment for siblings of children with autism, Down syndrome, and mixed etiology mental retardation failed to identify group differences. Regression analysis showed that the behavior problems of the child with developmental disability at Time 1, but not the change in their behavior over time, predicted sibling adjustment over 2 years. There was no evidence that this putative temporal relationship operated bidirectionally: sibling adjustment did not appear to be related to the behavior problems of the children with developmental disabilities over time.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed1998

Maternal depressive disorder and contextual risk: contributions to the development of attachment insecurity and behavior problems in toddlerhood.

Research has shown that offspring of depressed caregivers are at increased risk for maladaptive development and emotional difficulties. Specifically, infants and toddlers of depressed mothers have been shown to evidence higher percentages of insecure attachments and more behavioral difficulties than offspring of nondisordered mothers. However, even in studies that reveal significant differences between children of depressed and nondepressed caregivers, a substantial number of children with depressed caregivers do not evidence dysfunction. Such findings have resulted in increased attention to the broader social context in which children of depressed mothers develop. This investigation examined the direct influences of maternal depression on child development, as well as the role of contextual risks that may be particularly heightened in families with depressed parents. Toddlers with depressed mothers evidenced significantly more insecure attachments than did toddlers with nondisordered mothers, and this difference was not accounted for by contextual risk. In predicting child behavior problems, contextual risk was found to mediate the relation between maternal depression and child behavior problems. Father-report data on child behavior corroborated the mother report data. Results are discussed in terms of the diversity of functioning in offspring of depressed caregivers that can be attributed to varied levels of contextual risk accompanying depression.

Child Behavior Disorders↗

PubMed2000

Preschool children's exposure to violence: relation of behavior problems to parent and child reports.

A group of 155 parents and their preschool children attending Head Start reported on the children's exposure to community violence, level of distress symptoms, and behavioral problems. The behavioral correlates of exposure were found to differ according to exposure modality: internalizing problems were more likely in children who witnessed violence, and externalizing problems in those victimized by violence. Issues regarding self-reports by preschool children are highlighted, and clinical and research implications discussed.

Adult↗

PubMed1975

Elective mutism in a first grader: the remediation of a complex behavioral problem.

Teachers frequently deal with unusual and perplexing behavioral problems in their classes. This study demonstrates how spontaneous and prompted speech were produced in a six-year-old mute by a first-grade teacher and her aide. A reinforcement system for peer-prompted speech and spontaneous speech was employed in three separate school classes in a multiple-baseline fashion. The reinforcement system produced prompted and spontaneous speech in each situation. Postchecks in the second grade indicated the child was still speaking and conversing spontaneously with his peers. This study suggests a method that teachers can use in the classroom to deal with this severely handicapping condition.

Behavior Therapy↗

PubMed2000

Adolescent growth in new forms of problem behavior: macro- and micro-peer dynamics.

Longitudinal data from an at-risk sample were used to analyze individual linear trend scores for each of three new forms of problem behavior that emerges during the interval from age 10 through 18 years. Growth in substance use, health-risking sexual behavior and police arrests defined a latent construct for growth in adolescent problem behavior. A structural equation model (SEM) showed a significant path from early involvement with deviant peers to a latent construct for growth in new forms of antisocial behavior. A second SEM showed that the contribution of early involvement to later growth was mediated by a latent construct for deviancy training assessed at age 14 years. The relative rates of reinforcement for deviancy, amount of time spent with deviant peers, and deviancy level of the peer network defined a deviancy training construct that accounted for 53% of the variance in later growth in new forms.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1992

Parental and family predictors of behavior problems in inner-city black children.

Studied contributions of maternal psychological distress, family stress load, maternal and family risk factors, and family coping strategies in predicting behavior problems in 441 inner-city black primary-grade children. Results indicated maternal psychological distress and high family stress load were associated with high child behavior problems. Family coping strategies offered no protection against risk, while coping with life difficulties by reframing them was detrimental to child behavioral adjustment. Active help-seeking strategies (i.e., family mobilization, acquiring social supports) served to moderate the effects of maternal psychological distress and family risk attributes for boys, but exacerbated the effects of dysfunctional maternal social and psychiatric histories for girls. Implications for understanding vulnerability and resilience in inner-city black children and recommendations for future research are discussed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed1999

Family trauma and its association with emotional and behavioral problems and social adjustment in adolescent Cambodian refugees.

OBJECTIVE: The main aim of this study was to investigate the effect of war-related trauma on the subsequent social adjustment and functioning of young Cambodian refugees. METHOD: This longitudinal study of 67 young Cambodian refugees in Montreal interviewed in the first year of high school and then 2 years later examines a family's exposure to war related premigration trauma and its association with an adolescent's emotional and behavioral problems and social adjustment. Emotional and behavioral problems were assessed using the Youth Self-Report and an inventory of risk behavior. Social adjustment was assessed in terms of academic achievement, peer relations, and feeling of competence. RESULTS: The trauma a family suffered before leaving their homeland and prior to the teenager's birth seems to play a protective role at various times in adolescence with regard to externalized symptoms, risk behavior, and school failure in boys, and foster positive social adjustment in girls. CONCLUSIONS: These reactions may be understood as overcompensation by the children of the survivors of a massacre, to whom the implicit duty to succeed has been passed on. They suggest that a broader range of posttraumatic responses to war situations should be investigated and that trauma's dual nature as both burden and source of strength should be examined more closely.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2002

Intergenerational transmission of risks for problem behavior.

The intergenerational transmission of risk factors for problem behaviors was examined across three generations. Two hundred fifty-four 2-year-old toddlers, one or two of their parents, and one grandmother of each toddler were studied. Grandmothers and parents were individually interviewed. Data were analyzed for the male and female toddlers combined. Correlations and hierarchical multiple regression analyses were performed. Findings indicate that the grandmother-parent relationship, parental personality attributes, marital harmony, and drug use and the parent-toddler relationship, predict the toddlers' behavior. The investigation provides evidence for a longitudinal, intergenerational process whereby the grandmother-parent relationship and the parents' personality and behavioral attributes are transmitted across generations through their association with the parent-child relationship.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

Intercourse debut age: poor resources, problem behavior, or romantic appeal? a population-based longitudinal study.

The most important predictors of early intercourse debut are reported to be poor social resources and early developing problem behaviors. In this study we have a new, additional emphasis on variables related to self-concept and social acceptance. In a population-based longitudinal study, 1399 Norwegians were followed over a 7-year span. We analyzed data using multivariate Cox-regression techniques. Early intercourse debut was part of a broader spectrum of problem behaviors, including early alcohol intoxication and early-developing conduct problems. A new finding was that a positive self-concept in the domain of romantic appeal was also a strong predictor, but only for boys. We suggest that the findings may have important implications for prevention and more research should be conducted along this line.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1987

Primary prevention of behavior problems in Mexican-American children.

A primary prevention program, the Houston Parent-Child Development Center, directed towards infants and their parents, has effectively reduced the frequency of behavior problems for these children 5 to 8 years after the program's completion. Teacher ratings showed significantly fewer acting-out, aggressive behaviors for program children. Ratings of classroom behaviors found program children significantly less hostile and more considerate than control boys. This appears to be the first primary prevention program to have demonstrated effectiveness in reducing behavior problems over such a long time.

Aggression↗

PubMed1981

Congruence of parents' and teachers' ratings of children's behavior problems.

This study compared parents' and teachers' perceptions of behavior disorders in 1,008 white children enrolled in kindergarten through eighth grade. Data included background information and ratings on the Behavior Problem Checklist. For the most part, parents perceived more problems in their children than did teachers. Parents and teachers tended to agree that boys exhibited more deviant behavior than girls and that youngsters from the higher social classes had fewer disorders than those from the lower classes. Parent and teacher judgments were somewhat alike in that both groups tended to observe a pattern in the development of problems that first increased then decreased or first increased then decreased and leveled off across grades. Trends were more gradual for parents and sharper for teachers, or declines were not seen by parents that were seen by teachers. Bivariate correlations between parents' and teachers' evaluations were significant by low or low to moderate. Mother-teacher and father-teacher coefficients differed on Socialized Delinquency but were similar on the other behavioral dimensions. Although significant interactions of parent-teacher relationships with sex and grade were infrequent, correlations between ratings by the two groups of informants were higher for boys than for girls; and correlations between parent and teacher judgments were lower for early grades than for later grades.

Adult↗

PubMed1981

Documentation of change in problem behaviors among anxious and hostile-aggressive children enrolled in a therapeutic preschool program.

A relatively simple, straightforward procedure is utilized to identify and document changes in problem behaviors among children enrolled in a therapeutic preschool program. Results of two outcome measures indicated a significant overall reduction in problem behaviors for the total group. When subgroups of anxious and hostile/aggressive children were considered, however, there was a significantly greater probability that anxious children would benefit more from the program than hostile/aggressive children. The need to consider subgroups of patients when documented treatment effectiveness is emphasized, and the advantage of building documentation techniques into the record-keeping system is discussed.

Aggression↗

PubMed2000

Children with congenital diaphragmatic hernia are at risk for lower levels of cognitive functioning and increased emotional and behavioral problems.

The physical, psychological, and social functioning of 11 children aged 8 to 12 years with Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia (CDH) was assessed with several standardized assessment procedures. Physically, most children functioned well at follow-up with half of the children showing minor physical problems such as bronchial hyperreactivity. The mean IQ of the children was 15 points (1 SD) below the norm of 100. Only 6 children were at expected school level. The children showed more emotional and behavioral problems than in the general population as reported by parents and teachers. The children themselves reported more depressive problems, but not a lower self-esteem than children in the general population. These results were confirmed by the results of interviews with parents and children concerning psychosocial functioning. It is concluded that children with CDH show more cognitive and learning problems and increased rates of emotional and behavioral problems compared to children in the general population. Since no children treated with Extra Corporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) were involved in this study, the earlier reports that lower cognitive functioning is limited to children with CDH treated with ECMO can not be confirmed by this study. Considering the results of this study, there is a need for further follow-up studies concerning the long-term psychological and social functioning of children with CDH.

Child↗