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At least 649 records · Page 36Linked to original sources

PubMed2000

Acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline is a novel natural cell cycle regulator of renal cells.

A natural tetrapeptide, acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline (AcSDKP) is a physiological negative regulator of hematopoiesis. The precursor of AcSDKP, thymocin beta 4, is expressed in many tissues including kidney. The present study examined the antiproliferative effect of AcSDKP in two renal cell lines, namely, renal interstitial fibloblasts cell line (NRK 49F) and renal proximal tubular epitherial cells (LLC-PK1). An addition of AcSDKP for 48 hours in theses cells resulted in a concentration-dependent attenuation in the proliferation rate (significant difference to non-treated cells was observed at 10(-9) to 10(-5) M AcSDKP) determined by a colorimetry of alamer blue oxidation. The cell cycle analysis of NRK 49F cells treated with AcSDKP showed that AcSDKP significantly reduced the ratio of S-phase to G2/M-phases. Thus, physiological concentrations of AcSDKP is capable of altering cell cycle to inhibit the proliferation of renal cells.

Animals↗

PubMed2001

Source characterization of major emission sources in the imperial and Mexicali Valleys along the US/Mexico border.

Chemical profiles for particle emissions are needed for source apportionment studies using the chemical mass balance (CMB) receptor model. Source measurements of geological sources, motor vehicle exhaust, vegetative burning (e.g. asparagus, field burning, charbroil cooking), and industrial sources (e.g. oil-fueled glass plant, manure-fueled power plants) were acquired as part of the Imperial/Mexicali Valley Cross Border PM10 Transport Study in 1992. Six different source sampling techniques (i.e. hot- and diluted-exhaust sampling, ground-based source sampling, particle sweeping/grab sampling, vacuum sampling, and laboratory resuspension sampling) were applied to acquire filter samples of PM 2.5 and PM10 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters < 2.5 and 10 microm, respectively). Filter samples were analyzed for mass by gravimetry, elements (Na to U) by X-ray fluorescence, anions (Cl(-), NO3(-), SO4(=)) by ion chromatography, ammonium (NH4(+)) by automated colorimetry, soluble sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, and organic and elemental carbon (OC, EC) by thermal/optical reflectance. Concentration data were acquired for a total of approximately 50 chemical species. Elevated abundances of crustal components (Al, Si, K, Ca, Fe) from geological material, carbon (OC, EC) and trace elements (Br, Pb) from vehicle exhausts, carbon (OC, EC) and ions (K(+), Cl(-)) from vegetative burning, ions (SO4(=), NH4(+), Na(+), K(+), Cl(-)) and elements (Cl, Se) from a manure-fueled power plants, and sulfur and trace elements (Na(+), Pb, Se, Ni, V) from an oil-fueled glass plant were found in the resulting source profiles. Abundances of crustal species (e.g. Al, Si, Ca) in the Imperial/Mexicali Valley geological profiles are more than twice those found in central and southern California. Abundances of lead in motor vehicle exhausts indicate different vehicle fleets in border cities. Emission profiles from field burning and charbroil cooking specific to the border area show that a majority (>60%) of emissions are comprised of carbon, with high organic to total carbon ratios (0.93 to 0.97). Abundances of sulfate and ammonium account for nearly 60% of the manure-fueled power plant's emissions. Elevated levels of metals (Na(+), Pb, Cd, Se) and byproducts of petroleum combustion (S, Ni, V) were found in the oil-fueled glass plant's emissions.

Air Movements↗

PubMed1998

Interaction of cytoskeletal proteins with membrane lipids.

Rapid and significant progress has been made in understanding lipid/protein interactions involving cytoskeletal components and the plasma membrane. Covalent and noncovalent lipid modifications of cytoskeletal proteins mediate their interaction with lipid bilayers. The application of biophysical techniques such as differential scanning colorimetry, neutron reflection, electron spin resonance, CD spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, and hydrophobic photolabeling, allow various folding stages of proteins during electrostatic adsorption and hydrophobic insertion into lipid bilayers to be analyzed. Reconstitution of proteins into planar lipid films and liposomes help to understand the architecture of biological interfaces. During signaling events at plasma membrane interfaces, lipids are important for the regulation of catalytic protein functions. Protein/lipid interactions occur selectively and with a high degree of specificity and thus have to be considered as physiologically relevant processes with gaining impact on cell functions.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1985

Immunodiagnostic detection of Giardia antigen in faeces by a rapid visual enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for the detection of Giardia antigen in human faeces. 136 faecal samples were tested; 76 were positive and 27 negative for giardia cysts on microscopy, and 33 samples contained a range of other parasites. The ELISA sensitivity exceeded 98% and its specificity was 100%, by both colorimetry and direct visual interpretation. The assay could trace the decline and disappearance of antigen in faeces rendered microscopically negative by chemotherapy. This ELISA, which can be completed in less than 3 h and which does not rely on complex equipment for interpretation, should be very useful in diagnostic and epidemiological applications.

Antigens, Protozoan↗

PubMed2003

Frequent coinfection with hepatitis B virus strains of distinct genotypes detected by hybridization with type-specific probes immobilized on a solid-phase support.

A genotype-specific probes assay (GSPA) was developed for distinguishing the seven genotypes (A-G) of hepatitis B virus (HBV). Nucleotide (nt) sequences corresponding to preS1 region were amplified by PCR with a primer labeled with biotin, and delivered to eight wells on which complementary sequences specific to one or other genotype had been immobilized. Thereafter, hybridization of HBV DNA sequences amplified from the test serum was detected by colorimetry. When 256 sera from HBV carriers in Bangladesh, Cameroon, Japan, South Africa, USA and Uzbekistan were subjected to GSPA, genotypes were concordant with those of ELISA with monoclonal antibodies to epitopes on preS2-region products in 242 (94.6%) of them; 8 sera (3.1%) were not genotypeable by either method. Cloning analysis confirmed the presence of two distinct HBV genotypes in the seven selected sera with coinfection. There were 7 (2.7%) sera with discordant genotyping results between GSPA and ELISA. When HBV DNA clones propagated from these sera were sequenced and analyzed phylogenetically, the genotypes determined by GSPA were verified. Coinfection with HBV strains of two distinct genotypes was identified by GSPA in 28 (10.9%) sera, while it was suggested by ELISA in only 2 (0.8%) sera. The GSPA method would be particularly useful for detecting the coinfection with distinct HBV genotypes of any clinical relevance, which seems to be more frequent than reported previously.

Biotin↗

PubMed2002

Sampling and physico-chemical analysis of precipitation: a review.

Wet deposition is one of two processes governing the transfer of beneficial and toxic chemicals from the atmosphere on to surfaces. Since the early 1970s, numerous investigators have sampled and analyzed precipitation for their chemical constituents, in the context of "acidic rain" and related atmospheric processes. Since then, significant advances have been made in our understanding of how to sample rain, cloud and fog water to preserve their physico-chemical integrity prior to analyses. Since the 1970s large-scale precipitation sampling networks have been in operation to broadly address regional and multi-regional issues. However, in examining the results from such efforts at a site-specific level, concerns have been raised about the accuracy and precision of the information gathered. There is mounting evidence to demonstrate the instability of precipitation samples (e.g. with N species) that have been subjected to prolonged ambient or field conditions. At the present time precipitation sampling procedures allow unrefrigerated or refrigerated collection of wet deposition from individual events, sequential fractions within events, in situ continuous chemical analyses in the field and even sampling of single or individual rain, cloud and fog droplets. Similarly analytical procedures of precipitation composition have advanced from time-consuming methods to rapid and simultaneous analyses of major anions and cations, from bulk samples to single droplets. For example, analytical techniques have evolved from colorimetry to ion chromatography to capillary electrophoresis. Overall, these advances allow a better understanding of heterogeneous reactions and atmospheric pollutant scavenging processes by precipitation. In addition, from an environmental perspective, these advances allow better quantification of semi-labile (e.g. NH4+, frequently its deposition values are underestimated) or labile species [e.g. S (IV)] in precipitation and measurements of toxic chemicals such as Hg and PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls). Similarly, methods now exist for source-receptor studies, using for example, the characterization of reduced elemental states and/or the use of stable isotopes in precipitation as tracers. Future studies on the relationship between atmospheric deposition and environmental impacts must exploit these advances. This review provides a comprehensive and comparative treatment of the state of the art sampling methods of precipitation and its physico-chemical analysis.

Acid Rain↗

PubMed1999

Interactions between dietary fibre, endo-parasites and Lawsonia intracellularis bacteria in grower-finisher pigs.

Samples of faeces and feed were collected from grower and finisher pigs kept on 25 commercial breeder-finisher units in the West-Midlands region of England. Faecal samples were examined for parasite eggs (Ascaris suis, Trichuris suum and strongylid species) using faecal flotation; and for Lawsonia intracellularis bacteria using the polymerase chain reaction. Feed samples were subjected to proximate analysis for energy, protein and fibre content and enzymic colorimetry for levels of non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs). Characteristics relating to housing, feeding and dung disposal systems and husbandry practices were recorded for each farm and assessed for their association with the presence of parasites and L. intracellularis at the herd level. Ascaris eggs were identified in 8% of herds, Trichuris eggs in 20% of herds and in strongylid eggs (Oesophogostomum and/or Hyostrongylus) in 44% of herds. Lawsonia intracellularis was detected in 15% of herds investigated. Herds positive for Trichuris and Ascaris had significantly lower levels of digestible energy and higher levels of neutral detergent fibre, total and insoluble NSPs in their diets than negative herds (p < 0.05). Housing weaners on slatted floors was associated with a significant decreased risk of parasite infection in grower-finishers (odds ratio = 0.09, p = 0.04) compared to housing on solid floors. The use of grower diets high in NSPs was associated with an increased risk of Trichuris infection (odds ratio = 27.6, p = 0.007). There was also an association at the herd level between infection with L. intracellularis and the presence of Trichuris eggs (odds ratio = 17.43, p = 0.069). It is concluded that control of dietary fibre intake (NSPs in particular) for growers and environmental hygiene (dung removal) for weaners appear to be the most important factors controlling parasite infection in grower-finisher pigs in the UK at present. The current move towards more straw based systems is thus likely to exacerbate the influence of these factors and is likely to result in increased parasite infection in grower-finisher pigs in the UK.

Animal Feed↗

PubMed2000

Identification of sialic acids on the cell surface of Candida albicans.

The cell-surface expression of sialic acids in two isolates of Candida albicans was analyzed by thin-layer and gas chromatography, binding of lectins, colorimetry, sialidase treatment and flow cytofluorimetry with fluorescein-labeled lectins. N-acetylneuraminic acid (NANA) was the only derivative found in both strains of C. albicans grown in a chemically defined medium. Its identification was confirmed by mass spectrometry in comparison with an authentic standard. The density of sialic acid residues per cell ranged from 1. 6x10(6) to 2.8x10(6). The surface distribution of sialic acids over the entire C. albicans was inferred from labeling with fluorescein-Limulus polyphemus and Limax flavus agglutinins and directly observed by optical microscopy with (FITC)-Sambucus nigra agglutinin (SNA), abrogated by previous treatment of yeasts with bacterial sialidase. Sialidase-treated yeasts generated beta-galactopyranosyl terminal residues that reacted with peanut agglutinin. In C. albicans N-acetyl-neuraminic acids are alpha2,6- and alpha2,3-linked as indicated by yeast binding to SNA and Maackia amurensis agglutinin. The alpha2,6-linkage clearly predominated in both strains. We also investigated the contribution of sialic acids to the electronegativity of C. albicans, an important factor determining fungal interactions in vivo. Adhesion of yeast cells to a cationic solid phase substrate (poly-L-lysine) was mediated in part by sialic acids, since the number of adherent cells was significantly reduced after treatment with bacterial sialidase. The present evidence adds C. albicans to the list of pathogenic fungi that synthesize sialic acids, which contribute to the negative charge of fungal cells and have a role in their specific interaction with the host tissue.

Candida albicans↗

PubMed2002

Tannin composition of barbatimão species.

A comparative study of tannin composition of three species known as barbatimão (Stryphnodendron adstringens, Stryphnodendron polyphyllum and Dimorphandra mollis) was developed by TLC, hydrolysis followed by PC, and colorimetry. Principal component analysis of the data obtained showed strong differentiation between the genus Dimorphandra and Stryphnodendron. Additionally, barks from the two Stryphnodendron sp. also presented considerable differences in the tannin structure.

Chromatography, Thin Layer↗

PubMed2000

Assay of ATPase and Na,K-ATPase activity using high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of ADP derived from ATP.

An HPLC assay for determination of ATPase activity was developed and validated. After stopping the enzyme reaction of the enzyme source (rat renal cortical basolateral membranes) with ATP, products derived from ATP were analyzed by two methods; HPLC determination of ADP derived from ATP, and colorimetry of inorganic phosphorus (Pi) released from ATP. This HPLC procedure was precise and linear over the range of protein amount of the enzyme source studied, and the intra-and inter-assay variations were lower than 10%. The values that were obtained by the two methods revealed a significant correlation. Also, even when the samples contained Pi or were contaminated with Pi, this HPLC method allowed determination of ATPase activity. In addition, when ouabain was used as an inhibitor, the HPLC method was found to be applicable for Na,K-ATPase determination. This indicated that this HPLC assay would enable determination of ATPases other than Na,K-ATPase, when other inhibitors are employed instead of ouabain.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗

PubMed2000

Determination of the kinetics of rat UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) in liver and intestine using HPLC.

Uridinediphosphoglucuronosyl transferases (UGTs) are a group of membrane bound proteins which catalyze the transfer of glucuronic acid from UDP-glucuronic acid to a wide variety of xenobiotics and drug molecules enabling them to be eliminated. The major UGT isoforms found in the rat are 1A1, 1A6, 2B1 and 2B12. Conventional methods for the assay of glucuronides (GLs) include TLC, extraction and colorimetry or quantification of the aglycone, liberated after hydrolyzing the GL with beta-glucuronidase. However these techniques cannot distinguish between isomeric GLs or GLs of multiple acceptor site substrates. Therefore the purpose of this study was to develop simple and sensitive HPLC methods for the direct and simultaneous analysis of the GL(s) and their aglycones without the drawbacks of the conventional methods. The three classical substrates we chose were 4-methylumbelliferone (4MU), testosterone (TES) and 8-hydroxyquinoline (8HOQ) representing UGT isoforms 1A6, 2B1 and 2B12 of the rat family, respectively. Here we report the validated HPLC conditions, for the detection and separation of 4-methylumbelliferone glucuronide (4MUG), testosterone glucuronide (TESG) and 8-hydroxyquinoline glucuronide (8HOQG) and their aglycones in incubation media containing male Sprague-Dawley rat liver and intestinal microsomal preparations. The separations were achieved on a Zorbax SB-CN column (150 x 4.6 mm, 5 micron). The analysis time for the separation of TES, 8HOQ and 4MU and their glucuronides were 17, 12 and 30 min, respectively. The methods showed excellent linearity (r2 > 0.99) over the concentration ranges tested (0.25-5.0 nmoles of TESG; 0.125-18.75 nmoles of 8HOQG and 0.125-12.5 nmoles of 4MUG), good precision and accuracy (RSD<2.5%). Inter-day variability studies (n = 3) showed no significant difference between the regression lines obtained on the three days. Recoveries were good ( > 90%) at all three points (low, mid-point, high) of the standard curve. The limits of detection were 0.125, 0.1 and 0.1 nmole for TESG, 8HOQG and 4MUG. respectively. The above methods were used to estimate kinetic parameters such as Vmax and Km for the GLs of the three substrates in both liver and intestinal tissue preparations and the values were comparable with previously reported results. UGT2B1 was found primarily in the liver while UGTs 1A6 and 2B12 were present in comparable amounts in both tissues.

Animals↗

PubMed2001

Simultaneous determination of tolperisone and lidocaine by high performance liquid chromatography.

A reversed phase high performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method for the simultaneous determination of tolperisone (TP) and lidocaine (LD) has been developed. The drugs were separated on a column (4.60 x 250 mm(2)) Spherisorb ODS (5 microm) using 5.5% triethylamine in 70/30 v/v acetonitrile/water as mobile phase 0.7 ml min(-1)and UV detection at 254 nm. The detection limits for Tolperisone hydrochloride (TP-HCl) and lidocaine hydrochloride (LD-HCl) were 0.20 ng/20 microl and 100 ng/20 microl and the quantitation limits were 0.50 ng/20 microl and 250 ng/20 microl, respectively. Linear calibration curves over the ranges of 1-10, 10-100 and 150-500 microg ml(-1) for TP-HCl and 10-500 microg ml(-1) for LD-HCl were established. Different calibration slopes were found for TP probably owing to changes in refractive index due to increase in TP concentration. The average recoveries of the added TP in the samples (TP-HCl tablets and injection liquid). A solutions spiked with standard TP-HCl were 99.9 and 99.7% with the RSD (n=11) of 0.66 and 0.67%, respectively. The average recovery of the added LD in the sample (injection) spiked with standard LD-HCl was 98.9% with the RSD (n=11) of 0.59%. The proposed method has been applied to the determination of TP-HCl and LD-HCl in commercial products available in Thailand. Comparative determination of TP by UV spectrophotometry and LD by colorimetry were also carried out. The results obtained by both methods were in good agreement of those obtained by the proposed method verified by using t-test. The proposed RP-HPLC method is simple, accurate, reproducible and suitable for routine analysis.

Calibration↗

PubMed2003

Association of gene polymorphisms with coronary artery disease in low- or high-risk subjects defined by conventional risk factors.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to identify genes that confer susceptibility to coronary artery disease (CAD) in low- or high-risk men or women separately and thereby to assess the genetic risk of CAD in such individuals. BACKGROUND: The prevention of CAD would be facilitated by the identification of genes that confer susceptibility to this condition independently in low- or high-risk individuals, as defined by conventional risk factors. METHODS: The study population comprised 1661 unrelated Japanese individuals, including 1011 patients with CAD and 650 control subjects. Among all study subjects, 601 individuals (high-risk subjects) had hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hypercholesterolemia, and 1060 individuals (low-risk subjects) had none of these risk factors for CAD. The genotypes for 37 polymorphisms of 31 candidate genes were determined by a fluorescence- or colorimetry-based allele-specific DNA primer-probe assay system. RESULTS: Multivariate logistic regression analysis, with adjustment for age, body mass index, and the prevalence of smoking and hyperuricemia, revealed that the -219G-->T polymorphism of the apolipoprotein E gene in low-risk men, the -1171/5A-->6A polymorphism of the stromelysin-1 gene in low-risk women, the 1019C-->T polymorphism of the connexin 37 gene in high-risk men, and the 3932T-->C polymorphism of the apolipoprotein E gene in high-risk women were significantly associated with CAD. A stepwise forward selection procedure revealed that the effects of these polymorphisms on CAD were statistically independent of age or conventional risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: Genotyping of these polymorphisms may prove informative for assessment of the genetic risk of CAD in low- or high-risk men or women.

Apolipoproteins E↗

PubMed1995

Occurrence of sialidase and N-acetylneuraminate lyase in Pasteurella species.

Pasteurella species and related taxa are opportunistic pathogens parasitizing on mucous membranes of higher organisms containing sialic acids. Therefore, sialidase is a virulence factor which up to now has been described to be present in P. haemolytica, P. multocida, and P. volantium. Because of some taxonomic changes and the description of many new species or still unnamed groups, the presence of sialidase and the metabolic successor enzyme, N-acetylneuraminate lyase, was investigated in 65 Pasteurella or Pasteurella-like strains. The detection of enzymes was performed by colorimetry, by paper chromatography and immunoelectrophoresis. Using bovine submaxillary mucin as substrate, sialidases were produced in all strains studied although the activities were different. Most strains but not all were positive in N-acetylneuraminate lyase, too. Taken together, the strains of Pasteurella sensu stricto showed the strongest activities of sialidase, those of the Pasteurella aerogenes complex the lowest. However, because of loss of sialidase activity during subcultivation, there is little feasibility to characterize Pasteurella species by these enzymes.

Animals↗

PubMed1999

The combined use of moisturizers and occlusive gloves: an experimental study.

BACKGROUND: Protective gloves are used in the workplace to protect the hands from occupational hazards, but side effects from glove use are frequently reported. Among these side effects, irritant skin reactions are common. OBJECTIVE: The present study was undertaken to investigate whether applying a moisturizer to compromised skin before wearing an occlusive glove could reduce skin irritation. METHODS: Healthy volunteers had both hands immersed in a sodium lauryl sulfate solution twice daily for 2 days. After each immersion, one hand had a moisturizer applied and both hands were put in occlusive gloves for 2 hours. Skin barrier function was evaluated by transepidermal water loss, skin hydration was measured by electrical capacitance and inflammation was evaluated by colorimetry. RESULTS: The moisturizer had a statistically significant positive effect on both the water barrier function and the hydration level of the skin. Although not statistically significant, less inflammation was observed on the moisturizer-treated hand. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that use of a moisturizer under an occlusive glove may diminish irritation from exposure to a detergent followed by glove wearing.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

Sister chromatid exchanges in Vicia faba induced by arsenic-contaminated drinking water from Zimapan, Hidalgo, Mexico.

Sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) in Vicia faba root tips were used to examine well water containing high levels of arsenic. The increased amount of arsenic was contained in well water from different towns of Zimapan, Hidalgo, Mexico. Treatments of 3 h were applied followed by the differential staining technique of Tempelaar et al. (Mutation Res. 103 (1982) 321-326). Concentrations of arsenic from 0.267 up to 1.070 mg/l were determined by colorimetry in the polluted samples used for this study. These values were above the permissible limit of 0.05 mg/l in drinking water. In all cases, except one in which the As concentration was 0.021, the arsenic-contaminated water produced significant increases of SCE compared with the control (p < 0.001) and a concentration-response relationship was observed. The SCE potency factor of 33 per mg/l of arsenic was calculated as the slope of a common regression line, pooling data previously obtained in the Comarca Lagunera and the results observed in Zimapan.

Arsenic↗

PubMed1999

A highly sensitive assay for protein using resonance light-scattering technique with dibromohydroxyphenylfluorone-molybdenum(VI) complex.

At pH 2.8 and in the presence of 0.090% p-octylpolyethyleneglycol phenylether, the resonance light-scattering (RLS) spectrum of molybdenum(VI) complex with dibromohydroxyphenylfluorone (DBHPF) has a sharp peak at 586 nm. If the micro protein coexists with Mo(VI) and DBHPF, the RLS intensity of the complex at 586 nm is significantly enhanced by protein due to the binding interaction between protein and DBHPF-Mo(VI) complex. Based on this a new assay for protein is described. The dynamic ranges for bovine and human serum albumins are both 0.05-0.75 mg l-1 with detection limits of 13 and 15 ng ml-1, respectively. Besides high sensitivity, the method is characterized by good reproducibility, rapidity of reaction, good stability of chemical system, commonality of spectrofluorometer, few coexisting substances, especially detergents. The determinations of diluted human serum and urine by this method give the results very close to these by the Coomassie brilliant blue G-250 colorimetry, with relative standard deviations of five duplicates of 1.8-2.5%.

Animals↗

PubMed2003

Characterization and biological activity of gangliosides in buffalo milk.

Gangliosides (GS) were evaluated in Swiss cow's milk (SCM), Italian buffalo milk (IBM) and its serum, Pakistan buffalo colostrum (PBC), Pakistan buffalo mature milk (PBM), and Pakistan buffalo milk from rice-growing areas (PBR). Dairy GS were obtained from the Folch's upper (hydrophilic) and lower (lipophilic) extraction phases, respectively, and determined as lipid-bound sialic acid (LBSA) by colorimetry. Molar ratios of LBSA in the hydro- and lipophilic GS fractions were 52:48 to 79:21. Mature buffalo milk types had 40-100% more LBSA in the lipophilic GS fraction compared to SCM. Liquid PBC was higher in LBSA (24 nmol/g) compared to mature milk types (8-11 nmol/g). Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and scanning densitometry showed distinct profiles of hydrophilic and lipophilic GS fractions. Lipophilic GS (but importantly not hydrophilic GS) from IBM and its serum decreased prostaglandin series 2 production by 75-80% in cultured human colonic epithelial cells exposed to tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha). Hydrophilic GD(3) and lipophilic GM(3) selectively bound rotavirus particles prepared from a rhesus strain and its mutant. A GS fraction in IBM showed a GM(1)-specific binding to cholera toxin subunit B (CTB). IBM serum (IBMS) was a rich source of LBSA (420 nmol/g proteins). In summary, improved methodology led to increased LBSA recovery and isolation of additional and bioactive milk GS. Human and Italian buffalo milk had similar CTB binding, and both had increased polysialo-GS compared to cows milk. The toxin binding properties of buffalo milk GS, and the anti-inflammatory activity of the lipophilized GS fraction could be important for developing innovative food applications, as well as the subject of future research.

Animals↗