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PubMed1990

[Dental health habits of 40-year old patients in Aust-Agder county. Dental status of non-recall patients].

A questionnaire was sent to all persons 40 years of age (born in 1947) living in the county of Aust-Agder (n = 1547). The questionnaire included questions concerning dental office visiting habits, stability of relationship dentist-patient, and socio-economic status. 84% answered the questionnaire. Persons who answered that they did not have a recall agreement with any dentist were offered a free dental examination (324 of 1517). 83% had visited the dentist annually the last three years, thus considered to be stable patients. Regular patients were also very stable in relation to their dentist: 89% had visited same dentist for the last 5 years. Dental health data of persons without a recall agreement were examined clinically. Of 324 persons, 137 met for clinical examination. The data from these persons were classified according to socio-economic level and regularity of visiting habits. The DMFT number was almost independent of those variables. The DMFT-index's single components differed between the groups. The regular patients from higher socio-economic levels had more fillings. More missing teeth were found among irregular patients from lower socio-economic levels. This indicates that the latter group have chosen the least expensive alternative, i.e. extraction, when in need of acute treatment, and that they have a greater accumulated need of treatment. This tendency also applied to the need of periodontal therapy. More than 59% of persons with CPITN maximum score 3 or 4 belonged to irregular patients from lower socio-economic groups.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

Dental caries among 10- to 14-year-old children in Ugandan rural areas with 0.5 and 2.5 mg fluoride per liter in drinking water.

The purpose of this study was to report on dental caries among Ugandan children residing in rural areas with either a low or high fluoride concentration in the drinking water, and to assess factors associated with caries. A random sample of 481 children aged 10-14 years was selected from Mpondwe (n = 81) and Kyabayenze (n = 82) in the Kasese district with 0.5 mg and from Mutolere/Kagera (n = 163) and Kabindi (n = 155) in Kisoro with 2.5 mg fluoride/l in the drinking water. The children were examined for caries using the DMFT index as described by the World Health Organization in 1987. The mean DMFT was 0.34 in the whole material. In one low fluoride area, Kyabayenze, all children were caries-free compared to 75% to 86% in the other areas. In Kyabayenze, tea with sugar was taken significantly less frequently than in the other low-fluoride area. In the high-fluoride district, age and consumption of tea with sugar were positively and significantly correlated with caries. Multivariate analyses showed age to be the only significant risk indicator.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Oral health and treatment needs in institutionalized psychiatric patients in India.

The caries prevalence, oral hygiene status, periodontal health and treatment needs were evaluated in a group of institutionalized psychiatric patients in Goa, India. Of the total 153 inmates, males constituted 59 percent, the mean age was 25 years, 96 percent were self sufficient and the response rate was 84 percent. 63 percent were diagnosed with schizophrenia. They did not receive any assistance in daily self-care activities including oral hygiene maintenance. None of the 5 edentulous patients had dentures, 5% had been referred for emergency dental care during the period of institutionalization. 15 subjects (12%) were caries-free, the stepwise linear regression analysis showed that the mean DMFT index significantly increased with age (t = 2-819, PL 0.05). Two third of the study population (88%) were in need of conservative dental treatment. The stepwise linear regression analysis showed that the mean OHI-S index significantly increased with age (t = 2.412, P < 0.01). Only 5.4% reported a healthy periodontium whereas 16.27% required complex periodontal therapy. Soft tissue lesions included dorsal lingual depapillation/heavily coated areas and angular cheilitis in addition to incidental observations such as mucosal hyperpigmentation, gingival hyperplasia, and leucoedema. Bruxism and factitious injuries were also noted. The onus of meeting the oral health needs of this marginalized patient population therefore depends on the effectiveness of community dentistry programs vis a vis the efforts of the staff of the institution to provide such services on a regular basis.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Dental caries and enamel fluorosis among the fluoridated population in the Republic of Ireland and non fluoridated population in Northern Ireland in 2002.

BACKGROUND: An all Ireland/North South survey of Oral Health was carried out in 2001/2002. AIMS: To compare levels of dental caries and enamel fluorosis among children and adolescents in the fluoridated Republic of Ireland (RoI) with those in the non fluoridated North of Ireland (NI). METHODOLOGY: Cross sectional oral health survey of a representative, random, stratified sample of 5-, 8-, 12- and 15-year-olds in Rol and in NI (N = 19,950). WHO examination criteria with the addition of visible, non cavitated dentine caries were used for recording caries. Fluorosis was measured using Dean's Index. RESULTS: In the RoI, the mean d(3c)mft / D(3c)MFT for 5-, 8-, 12-, and 15-year-olds with full domestic water fluoridation (n = 9,975), was 1.0, 0.3, 1.1 and 2.1 respectively. The corresponding means in non fluoridated NI (n = 1,475) were 1.8, 0.3, 1.5 and 3.6 respectively. (p < 0.0001, NS, p < 0.0005 and p < 0.0001). The prevalence of enamel fluorosis has increased in RoI since 1984, 23% and 36% of 8- and 15-year olds respectively in fluoridated areas had Dean's Index scores at the questionable or greater level in 2002 compared with 6% and 5% respectively in 1984. CONCLUSIONS: In 2002 apart from 8-year-olds, caries levels were lower amongst children resident in fluoridated communities in RoI than amongst corresponding age groups in non-fluoridated NI. Caries has declined in fluoridated and non fluoridated groups in both jurisdictions since the early 1960s. In RoI fluorosis levels were higher amongst lifetime residents of fluoridated communities and have increased since 1984.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1989

[The orodental status of the French population 6-15 years of age].

A representative sample of 19,366 schoolchildren of France, aged 6 to 15 years, was randomly selected. Examiner teams from each of the 16 Faculties of Dental Surgery of France were trained together to be well calibrated. The dental caries prevalence was determined in each age group using the dft, dfs, DMFT and DMFS indices. The periodontal conditions were measured using the plaque index (Silness and Löe, 1964), the calculus index (Marthaler, 1966) and the gingival index (Löe and Silness, 1963). The mean DMFT index increased from 0.5 at age 6 to 6.9 at age 15 years. This index increased by 0.5 from one age group to the next until age 10, and from 1.0 from age 11 to age 15. The DMFS index increased from 0.8 to 13.0 between 6 and 15 years of age. In each age group, the numbers of carious and untreated surfaces were very similar to the number of filled surfaces. The percentage of children with caries-free permanent teeth decreased from 78.5% to 8.2% between 6 and 15 years of age. A direct relation was observed between the caries indices and the socio-economic category of the parents. The senior management and private professions presented the lowest indices.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

Prevalence of caries and dental care status of schoolchildren from urban and rural areas in Araraquara, SP, Brazil.

The research reported was carried out to assess the prevalence of caries and dental care status in schoolchildren from urban and rural areas in Araraquara, SP, Brazil. Schoolchildren from an urban area (1,472) and from a rural area (355), aged 7-12 years were examined by two examiners previously trained using the DMFT index. The results showed that the DMFT index was similar in both areas. At 12 years-of-age, the DMFT was 3.8 in urban schoolchildren and 4.0 in rural schoolchildren, considered moderate according to WHO classification. The dental care status was different in the urban and rural areas. In the urban area, 82.9 per cent of the decayed teeth were filled and in the rural area, only 22.1 per cent. The moderate prevalence of dental caries and the high proportion of filled teeth in the urban area suggest that the implementation of primary prevention programmes is necessary, in both, urban and rural populations.

Brazil↗

PubMed2005

Validation of a French version of the Child-OIDP index.

The Child-OIDP index is an indicator of oral health-related quality of life, which has been validated among 12-yr-old children in Thailand. The aim of this study was to assess the reliability, validity, and applicability of this questionnaire among French children. After translation and cultural adaptation, the Child-OIDP was tested on 414 10-yr-old children in France. The children completed the Child-OIDP in face-to-face interviews, were clinically examined, and answered questions evaluating their global self-rated oral health. Parents filled in a questionnaire concerning their socio-demographic background. An oral impact on daily life was reported by 73% of the children. The mean Child-OIDP score was 6.32 [standard deviation (SD) 8.22] and the median was 3.33. The internal reliability was confirmed with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.57. The retest procedure (n = 62) showed a satisfactory reproducibility (r = 0.81, kappa = 0.75). The index was shown to be a valid instrument. Construct validity was satisfactory as the Child-OIDP score increased when the children's perceived oral health decreased. The Child-OIDP score was able to discriminate between different socio-demographic groupings and varied according to dental status. This study showed that the Child-OIDP is applicable for use among children in France. It has promising psychometric properties but further research is required to evaluate its sensitivity to change.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed1990

[Middle course between group and individual preventive programs].

A pilot study was initiated to prove the effectivity of a prophylaxis programme for small groups of preschool children. A total number of 190 children was examined twice a year at the Dental School of Erlangen. The dental examination included df-s index and plaque index according to Quigley-Hein. Tooth cleaning was performed in small groups under professional supervision. Professional plaque removal and local fluoridation concluded each session. Twice a year the parents were offered oral hygiene instructions and informed about the relationship between sugar and caries. After two years the dfs-values were significantly lower in the test group than in the control group. Mean dfs scores ranged from 1.9 for the experimental to 3.8 for the control group. These comparatively low recordings--as against other investigations--may be due to the relatively high social standing of the children.

Child↗

PubMed1995

Oral health in Latvian 15-year-olds.

Oral hygiene, caries and periodontal conditions were assessed in a representative sample of 15-year-old Latvian schoolchildren, comprising 506 subjects. Caries, diagnosed on the cavity level, was detected in 97.6% of the population. The mean DMFT and DMFS were 8.1 and 14.1, respectively. Although 91% of the children had had restorative treatment, the D component accounted on average for 33% of the DMFS score. Visible dental plaque was found in 98.4% of the children; in a majority (88%) abundant plaque deposits were recorded. Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN) was assessed by standard WHO methods. Deviation from periodontal health was observed in 90.7% of the children. Calculus was recorded in 26.1% and gingival pockets in 25.9% of the sample. Additionally, 38.7% of the children had gingival bleeding. The mean number of sextants with healthy periodontal conditions was 2.5. Calculus and pocketing averaged 0.6 and 0.4 sextants, respectively. Attachment loss, recorded in 11.7% of the subjects, did not exceed 3 mm. The results showed high caries prevalence, considerable need for treatment and virtual absence of oral hygiene.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1995

Dental caries-reducing effects of a milk fluoridation project in Bulgaria.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of a community-based milk fluoridation project on dental caries. METHODS: Fluoridated milk was provided to about one-half of kindergarten and other schoolchildren in Asenovgrad, a town in the southern part of Bulgaria. The estimated daily milk consumption was 200 ml containing 1 mg of fluoride (approximately 5 ppm F). Cross-sectional samples of 6 1/2-year-olds in Asenovgrad and Panaguriche (a nearby town selected as the reference community) were examined at the start of the study in 1988 and after three years. Additional cross-sectional samples of 7 1/2-year-olds in Asenovgrad who were and were not drinking fluoridated milk were examined at baseline and at three years to provided an internal control group. Samples of 6 1/2 and 8 1/2-year-olds from Asenovgrad and Karlovo were examined in 1993 to provide for five-year follow-up comparisons. RESULTS: In 6 1/2-year-old children who had consumed fluoridated milk for three years, there was a decrease in the mean dmft per child of 40 percent and in the mean DMFT of 89 percent compared to children examined at baseline. Children in Asenovgrad who were 4 1/2 years old at the start of the study and had been drinking fluoridated milk for three years had on average 44 percent fewer dmft and 83 percent fewer DMFT at 7 1/2 years of age than those not drinking fluoridated milk. After five years the dmft index was 40 percent less and the DMFT index 79 percent less in those children who had participated in the full five years of the program compared to the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Results seem to confirm the caries-reducing effects of milk fluoridation found in previous studies. Unexpected large caries reductions obtained in this nonexperimental study, however, probably cannot be attributed to the fluoridation of milk alone. The mere introduction of the project might have led to other changes affecting dental caries, such as improved oral hygiene and better dietary habits.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1983

Dental caries and strontium concentration in drinking water and surface enamel.

We investigated the possible cariostatic effect of strontium in the absence of effective amounts of fluoride by relating the DMFT index of the population to the strontium and fluoride concentrations in drinking water and enamel surfaces. The epidemiological survey was conducted in two neighboring districts in the northwest part of Greece, involving 582 children ranging in age from 11 to 14. The average DMFT values were 5.26 in the high-strontium (2.9-7 ppm Sr) area and 6.95 in the low-strontium (0.2-1.3 ppm Sr) area, while fluoride was low (less than 0.06 ppm) in both districts. Further, the average strontium concentration in surface enamel was higher in the high-strontium area.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

Dental pain, socioeconomic status, and dental caries in young male adults from southern Brazil.

The aim of this study was to assess dental pain prevalence and its association with dental caries and socioeconomic status in 18-year-old males from Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil. A cross-sectional study was conducted in a random sample (n = 414) selected from the Brazilian Army conscription list in 2003. Dental pain during the 12 months prior to the interview was recorded as the outcome. Socioeconomic data were obtained through a questionnaire. Dental caries experience was registered according to the DMFT Index. Analyses included simple and multiple non-conditional logistic regression following a hierarchical approach. Response rate was 95.6%. High rates of inter-examiner agreement were achieved (kappa > 0.83). Dental pain prevalence was 21.2% (95%CI: 17.3-25.1). After adjustment, individuals with one or more untreated caries were 3.2 times more likely (95%CI: 1.7-5.8) to have dental pain compared to caries-free subjects. Conscripts with low family income were 1.8 times more likely (95%CI: 1.0-3.3) to have dental pain than those with higher income.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2001

Caries prediction factors in children with primary dentition.

Previous studies have indicated an association between the dmft and the lactobacilli counts in small children. This study evaluated and compared a number of salivary factors that could have an effect on caries progression in two groups of children with primary dentition (group 1 = 3-6 years; group II = 9 years). The average dmft score was higher for group II. The dmft score of group I consisted mainly of a large dt component, while in group II a large ft component was found. Lactobacilli were present in 44.83% of group I and in 77.27% of group II. Significant positive correlations were found for group I between the dt component of the dmft and lactobacilli count (P < 0.05, r = 0.48) as well as the total dmft and lactobacilli count (P < 0.05, r = 0.45). Significant positive correlations were found for group II between the dmft and lactobacilli count (P < 0.05, r = 0.39) and the plaque index and lactobacilli count (P < 0.05, r = 0.31). Significant correlations between the dmft and the prevalence of lactobacilli in the oral cavity were also indicated (group I: P < 0.05, r = 0.45; group II: P < 0.05, r = 0.36). Significant correlations confirmed the association of lactobacilli with the caries process and indicated the reliability of lactobacilli counts to determine caries activity. Correlations between the dmft and the prevalence of lactobacilli in the oral cavity indicated the possibility of an excellent but simple test for the prediction of caries susceptibility in children.

Buffers↗

PubMed2002

The evolution of dental health in dental students at the University of Barcelona.

The aim of this research was to study the evolution of dental health of dental students during their academic training and to assess the extent to which the knowledge acquired was reflected in their own dental care. A sample of 107 students at the schools of dentistry and medicine (the latter as a comparison group) of the University of Barcelona, Spain, underwent an oral examination and completed a questionnaire during their training in the third and fifth academic years. The oral examinations were limited to the status of teeth. Bitewing radiographs were used for both posterior sectors, and these were interpreted using the criteria proposed by Pitts (1984). The data were analyzed using the SPSS package. At the end of the study, medical students had more teeth present than dental students (29.80 vs. 28.94 [p = 0.022]) and a lower DMFT index of 4.33 vs. 5.91 (p=0.038), with an FT component of 2.44 and 5.23 (p = 0.011), respectively. All dental students underwent more treatment of all types than medical students, and dental health habits and knowledge were superior in dental students. The third year was the key year for decision making with regard to the student's dental health. We conclude that dental students are highly motivated about maintaining their dental health and their dental education experiences appear to have had a clear influence on this behavior.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Prevalence of Dental Fluorosis and Caries in Mexico City Schoolchildren].

UNLABELLED: This study was conducted to determine prevalence and severity of dental fluorosis and dental caries in school-children living in two zones of the Mexico City's East Area. METHODS: Fluorosis and caries scores were recorded for 1,569 children according to the Dean Community Index, DMFT and DMFS indexes, and the relationship between fluorosis and fluoride sources was investigated. RESULTS: Dental fluorosis was found in 60.42% of children. Dean's Community score was 0.96 (SD-0.58). Quantity of toothpaste employed, toothbrushing frequency, and early initiation of toothbrushing correlated well with fluorosis (p = 0.03). Caries was present in 70.52% of children, DMFT and DMFS scores were 2.64 (SD 2.4) and 3.97 (SD 4.18) respectively. DMFT and DMFS scores were lower in children with mild and moderate fluorosis than in those fluorosis-free children. (p = 0.03).

Child↗

PubMed1990

[Caries in the deciduous dentitions of kindergarten children in two cities of the Ennepe-Ruhr district].

The prevalence of caries of deciduous teeth was studied in a survey of 2688 children, aged between 3 and 6 years, from kindergartens in the cities of Witten and Hattingen in the Ennepe-Ruhr district. The DMF/T index of the three-, four-, five- and six-year-old children in Witten was 1.7, 2.5, 3.1 and 3.7, respectively. In Hattingen the DMF/T index recorded was correspondingly: 1.1, 2.9, 2.6 and 3.1. The proportion of naturally healthy dentitions of 57.1% in three-year-old children is decreasing to 29.6% in six-year-old children in Witten and from 67.6% in three-year-old children to 36.6% in six-year-old children in Hattingen. Compared with a study from 1978, caries prevalence has generally dropped by 20% in three- to six-year-old children in Witten. Judged by the criteria established by the WHO, the documented caries prevalence is still very high in both cities.

Child↗

PubMed1993

Dental disease and current treatment needs in a group of physically handicapped children.

One hundred and twenty-nine physically handicapped children (89 males, 40 females) were dentally examined in a local authority residential special school taking pupils from a wide geographical area in the Northern Region, for caries, periodontal disease, malocclusions and treatment need using World Health Organization criteria. The children were aged between 3 and 17 years with a mean age of 10.7 years. Mean deciduous caries experience (dft) was 0.9 and the mean permanent caries experience (DMFT) was 2.0. The mean dfs/DMFS values were 2.5 and 3.4 respectively. A higher experience of deciduous caries was found in girls, dft = 1.3, than in boys who had a mean dft value of 0.8 and in the permanent dentition girls had a mean DMFT value of 2.8 compared with 1.6 for boys. Each component of the index was also higher for girls in both dentitions. The gender difference identified in caries experience extended to treatment need for the permanent dentition, where more girls were recorded as requiring treatment than boys. Of the 129 children, 126 were assessed for treatment co-operation. Only 18 (14.3 per cent) were assessed as being amenable to routine dental care, 66 (52.4 per cent) were thought likely to present some management problems and the remaining 42 (33.3 per cent) were thought to require all their treatment under a general anaesthetic.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2002

Influence of parents' oral health behaviour on oral health status of their school children: an exploratory study employing a causal modelling technique.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to examine the simultaneous interrelationships between parents' oral health behaviour and the oral health status of their school children. SAMPLE AND METHODS: Subjects comprised 296 pairs of parents (mother or father) and their children at an elementary school in Hiroshima. The child's dental examination was performed using the World Health Organization (WHO) caries diagnostic criteria for decayed teeth (DT) and filled teeth (FT). The Oral Rating Index for Children (ORI-C) was used for the child's gingival health examination. Hiroshima University Dental Behavioural Inventory (HU-DBI) was used for the assessment of the parents' oral health behaviour. A parent-child behavioural model was tested by the linear structural relations (LISREL) programme. RESULTS: There was a significant correlation between DT and ORI-C (r = - 0.168; P < 0.01). Correlation was found between ORI-C and oral health behaviour in children (OHB-C) (r = 0.182; P < 0.01). OHB-C was significantly associated with the HU-DBI (r = 0.251; P < 0.001). The hypothesized model after some revisions was found to be consistent with the data (chi(2) = 1.3, d.f. = 6, P = 0.97; Goodness of Fit Index = 0.999). Parents' oral health behaviour affected their children's oral health behaviour (P < 0.001). Children's oral health behaviour affected their DT through its effect on gingival health level. Parents' oral health behaviour also had a significant direct effect on their children's DT (P < 0.05). Children's grade affected both DT and their oral health behaviour. CONCLUSIONS: Parents' oral health behaviour could influence their children's gingival health and dental caries directly and/or indirectly through its effect on children's oral health behaviour.

Adult↗