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At least 649 records · Page 36Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Prevalence of coronary heart disease indicated by electrocardiogram abnormalities and risk factors in developing countries.

A cross-sectional population survey was carried out in 15 population groups (ethnicity includes Melanesian, Polynesian, Micronesian, Asian Indian and Chinese) in 9 developing countries: Fiji, Nauru, Kiribati, Cook Island, Niue, Western Samoa, New Caledonia, Mauritius and China (Beijing) in 1978-1987. The total sample included 4594 men and 4988 women aged 35-59 years. The aim of study is to report the prevalence of coronary heart disease (CHD) as indicated by ECG Minnesota coding, and risk factor levels and to describe the individual and ecological relationship between CHD prevalence and CHD risk factors among different ethnic groups in developing countries. Mauritians had the highest prevalence of CHD of these countries. Total serum cholesterol concentration and the prevalence of CHD were higher in Mauritius Chinese than in Beijing Chinese. Mean total cholesterol was lower than or equal to 5.2 mmol/l (200 mg/dl) in all population groups, except in Mauritians. Hypertensive subjects in most populations had a low cholesterol concentration. The prevalence of hypertension varied from 7 to 35% and mean body mass index (BMI) from 22.9 to 37.0 kg/m2. Smoking was more common in men (36-82%) than women (0.8-65%). Multiple logistic regression analysis using individuals as a unit of analysis showed that cholesterol and systolic blood pressure were significant independent predictors of CHD prevalence. When fasting or 2 hr post-load blood glucose was included in the model total cholesterol was no longer significant in men but remained significant in women. Ecological analysis using populations as units of analysis showed that the combination of several CHD risk factors could explain about 90% of the interpopulations variance of the CHD prevalence in women. The best models were those where 2 hr post-load glucose was included. Our study has demonstrated that the total cholesterol concentration of the population was consistent with the prevalence of CHD in the population. A considerable proportion of the variation in CHD prevalence across populations in developing countries can be explained by well-known risk factors. These data support the concept that retaining traditional balanced dietary habits and limiting salt intake together with avoiding smoking use are important activities for the prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in developing countries.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Adolescents' use of maternal and child health services in developing countries.

CONTEXT: Because of high levels of early childbearing in developing countries, pregnancy and childbirth are the leading causes of death among women aged 15-19. Use of skilled antenatal and delivery care improves maternal outcomes through the prevention, management and treatment of obstetric complications, and infant immunizations prevent many childhood diseases. METHODS: Logistic regression analysis of Demographic and Health Survey data for 15 developing countries examined adolescents' use of antenatal care, delivery care and infant immunization services compared with use by older women. RESULTS: In general, the use of maternal and child health care did not vary by mother's age. In five of the 15 countries, women aged 18 or younger were less likely than women aged 19-23 to use either antenatal care or delivery care, or both (odds ratios, 0.5-0.9). Younger mothers in six countries were less likely than older mothers to have their infants immunized, particularly for diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus and for measles (0.5-0.8). The association of age and health care use was largely limited to Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Nicaragua, Peru and Uganda. In Latin America, controlling for parity allowed differences between adolescents and older women to emerge. Except in Uganda, there were no differences in health care use by mother's age in the African countries. CONCLUSION: Country-specific investigations are needed in Asia to better understand the reasons for differences in service use by age. In general, further systematic evidence would help identify long-term interventions that will be most effective in increasing adolescents' use of maternal and child health services.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Nosocomial infections in developing countries: cost effective control and prevention.

OBJECTIVES: To review the efficient and cost-effective preventive, control and surveillance measures that could be employed against nosocomial infections in developing countries. DATA SOURCES: Literature search on compact disk-read only memory (CD-ROM), Medline and Internet, using the key words: nosocomial infection, prevention and control, use of antibiotics and use of computers. Some articles were manually reviewed. STUDY SELECTION: Relevant studies or articles on nosocomial infections in developing and developed countries were included in the review. DATA EXTRACTION: From individual studies or articles. DATA SYNTHESIS: Information on nosocomial infections from developing and developed countries with some emphasis on Kenya is synchronized under the headings; introduction, historical background of nosocomial infections. Current situation of nosocomial infections and predisposing factors, nosocomial infections and antimicrobial resistance, consequences of nosocomial infections, hospital infection control programme and use of computers in nosocomial infection surveillance, and the cost benefit of infection prevention and control programme. CONCLUSION: Nosocomial infections may be contained more effectively by having an infection prevention and control programme. Computer-assisted epidemiological surveillance appears to be the most important aspect of monitoring infection control programmes, and to identify changes in risk factors that can increase the infection rate. Even minimally, effective infection control programmes are cost-effective. For the war against nosocomial infections to be won, the whole exercise should be handled as a global project with significant inputs from developing countries.

Causality↗
PubMed2004

The oxygen concentrator: an appropriate technology for treating hypoxaemic children in developing countries.

The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends supplying oxygen in developing countries by concentrators because cylinders pose considerable logistic and financial problems. This technology was employed to treat children in a hospital in Ndioum, Senegal, who met the WHO oxygenation criteria. There were clear clinical and financial benefits, but neither the nurses' knowledge of the various techniques of oxygen supply nor the maintenance service were satisfactory. The use of concentrators should be encouraged in developing countries. A strategy including technical training, maintenance and monitoring should be adopted. Corrective actions were undertaken in Ndioum, and several concentrators are now being used on a regular basis.

Child, Preschool↗