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At least 649 records · Page 36Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Biotransformation, endocrine, and genetic responses of Anguilla anguilla L. to petroleum distillate products and environmentally contaminated waters.

The European eel (Anguilla anguilla L.) was exposed to diesel oil water-soluble fraction (DWSF) and gasoline water-soluble fraction (GWSF). The potential of these fractions to induce endocrine disruption, carbohydrate, and xenobiotic metabolism effects, as well as genotoxic responses, was investigated in a time-course laboratory study (3 h to 6 days). Both water-soluble fractions induced a time-related increase in liver ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity, as well as the appearance of erythrocytic nuclear abnormalities (ENA) after a 6-day exposure, revealing its genotoxic properties. Initially, DWSF exposure revealed an inhibition of the typical stress responses demonstrated by plasma cortisol and lactate decrease. Nevertheless, this effect progressively disappeared, allowing a plasma glucose and lactate increase after 6 days of exposure. Fish exposed to GWSF exhibited a liver alanine transaminase (ALT) activity increase after a short exposure while the longest exposure revealed liver damage expressed as an ALT activity decrease. A field caging experiment, carried out in a harbor area (Aveiro Lagoon, Portugal), and a complementary laboratory experiment were designed to assess the influence of the daily tide dynamic on polyaromatic hydrocarbon water distribution and effects on liver EROD and ALT activities, as well as ENA frequency. Eels exposed to low- and high-tide harbor waters, in the laboratory, exhibited a similar degree of genotoxicity, whereas clear differences were observed as EROD induction. In the field experiment, caged eels did not display significant responses enhancing the relevance of natural environmental factors on toxicity mechanisms as well as on the apparent lack of toxicity in harbor waters.

Anguilla↗
PubMed1986

Predicting carcinogenicity of petroleum distillation fractions using a modified Salmonella mutagenicity assay.

The Ames Salmonella/microsomal activation mutagenesis assay has been modified to improve sensitivity and reproducibility to complex mixtures derived from the refining and processing of petroleum. Oil samples were dissolved in cyclohexane and subsequently extracted with dimethyl sulfoxide to produce aqueous compatible solutions which readily interact with tester bacteria. Also, the liver homogenate (S-9) and NADP cofactor concentrations were increased and hamster rather than rat liver S-9 was used. The initial slope of the dose response curve relating mutagenicity (revertants per plate) to the dose of extract added was used as an index of mutagenic activity; this slope was obtained through a computerized curve fitting procedure. The modified assay was used to rank 18 oil samples for mutagenic activity; this ranking correlates highly (r = 0.92) with potency rankings of the same samples previously determined from dermal carcinogenicity bioassays. Sensitivity and reproducibility of the assay are sufficient to permit routine use for detecting potential carcinogenic activity of individual refinery streams and blends which contain components boiling above 500 degrees F.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Determination of the ethyl esters of long chain fatty acids in wine distillate, brandy, and wine. II. (author's transl)].

Free fatty acids are able to interfere the determination of the ethyl esters by gas chromatography on Carbowax 20 M. Therefore series of tests were made to remove the fatty acids. Sodium hydrogen carbonate was found to be more suitable than sodium carbonate. A method is described to determine the ethyl esters of fatty acids of caproic to stearic acid and of the unsaturated fatty acids with 16 and 18 carbon atoms.

Alcoholic Beverages↗