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At least 649 records · Page 36Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Separation of naphthoquinones and lipophilic vitamins by gel and thin-layer chromatography.

A separation of naphthoquinones on silica gel and on silica gel impregnated with polyethylene glycol 200 by thin-layer chromatography was compared with gel permeation chromatography (GPC) on styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer S-832-gel using tetrahydrofuran as mobile phase. Factors affecting the separations attainable are discussed, and it is concluded that GPC is a suitable method for the determination of K vitamins in natural materials.

Chromatography, Gel↗
PubMed1983

High-performance liquid chromatography of fat-soluble vitamins. Simultaneous quantitative analysis of vitamins D2, D3 and E. Study of percentage recoveries of vitamins from cod liver oil.

Vitamins D2, D3 and E were resolved and quantified by applying reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography to extracts of cod liver oil. The method, using two reversed-phase C18 columns and a ternary mixture of acetonitrile, methanol and water as the eluent resolved all fat-soluble vitamins well, including the pair D2-D3. The extraction procedure was studied; the recoveries, using two different solvents (hexane and diethyl ether) for extractions were 60.6 +/- 1.0 and 77.1 +/- 1.1, 56.9 +/- 1.2 and 74.8 +/- 0.8, and 14.1 +/- 0.7 and 89.8 +/- 1.4% for vitamins D2, D3 and E, respectively.

Cholecalciferol↗
PubMed1992

Calcium homeostasis and hypercalciuria in hyperprostaglandin E syndrome.

Children with hyperprostaglandin E syndrome, a neonatal variant of Bartter syndrome with enhanced renal and systemic formation of prostaglandin E2, have hypercalciuria, nephrocalcinosis, and osteopenia. Because prostaglandin E2 affects tubular calcium handling, stimulates the formation of calcitriol in vitro, and has osteolytic activity, we studied calcium homeostasis and the influence of prostaglandin E2 formation on hypercalciuria in nine patients with hyperprostaglandin E syndrome during long-term indomethacin treatment and after its withdrawal. Suppression of prostaglandin E2 formation by indomethacin resulted in improvement of biochemical and clinical features of hyperprostaglandin E syndrome. However, hypercalciuria, osteopenia, and nephrocalcinosis did not completely resolve. Despite a low calcium diet, daily urinary calcium excretion was enhanced during and after withdrawal of indomethacin treatment (median 6.3, range 5.3 to 14, and median 9.4, range 4.4 to 38 mg/kg per day, respectively). Daily urinary calcium excretion was greater after withdrawal than during indomethacin treatment. Urinary calcium excretion was not correlated with urinary prostaglandin E2 excretion. Plasma levels of intact parathyroid hormone (median 11, range 6.8 to 12 pmol/L) and calcitriol (median 157, range 108 to 236 pg/ml) were elevated during indomethacin treatment and decreased after withdrawal of indomethacin. These data suggest that hypercalciuria in hyperprostaglandin E syndrome is mainly due to a renal leak of calcium, which is caused by enhanced renal formation of prostaglandin E2 and a tubular defect not related to prostaglandin E2 formation. There is no evidence for prostaglandin-stimulated calcitriol formation. Decreasing plasma levels of parathyroid hormone in the presence of renal calcium losses after withdrawal of indomethacin treatment may be due to a bone resorption process caused by systemic prostaglandin formation; the process may contribute to hypercalciuria in the patient not receiving indomethacin.

Bone Diseases, Metabolic↗
PubMed1990

Linear growth in patients with hypophosphatemic vitamin D-resistant rickets: influence of treatment regimen and parental height.

The effects of different treatment regimens and the influence of parental height on the statural growth of 40 patients with hereditary vitamin D-resistant hypophosphatemic rickets were investigated. Three treatment regimens, each with oral phosphate, were used: vitamin D (0.5 to 2 mg/day), calcidiol (50 to 200 micrograms/day), and 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 (1 to 3 micrograms/day). Mean duration of follow-up was 9.5 +/- 5.1 years. The results show that (1) there was no acceleration of growth before puberty for the majority of children treated with vitamin D (12/16) or calcidiol (13/15), whereas 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 promoted catch-up growth in 10 of 16 patients; (2) height gain during puberty was normal, irrespective of the treatment; (3) most vitamin D-treated male and female subjects and calcidiol-treated male subjects had short adult stature, but the majority (75%) of the 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3-treated groups had normal stature; (4) parental stature had little influence on the adult height of male subjects, but that of affected girls was positively correlated (p less than 0.002) with mid-parental height. These results demonstrate that 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 is superior to vitamin D or calcidiol for improvement of stature of patients with hypophosphatemic vitamin D-resistant rickets, and indicate the importance of parental height in determining the adult height of affected girls.

Body Height↗
PubMed1994

Single-day therapy for nutritional vitamin D-deficiency rickets: a preferred method.

A single-day large dose of vitamin D (stosstherapy) was given to 42 patients with nutritional vitamin D-deficiency rickets. Stosstherapy is safe and effective, obviates problems with compliance, and, by evoking a response in 4 to 7 days in nutritional rickets, becomes a valuable diagnostic aid for patients in whom initial findings do not clearly distinguish nutritional rickets from familial hypophosphatemic rickets.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1977

Vitamin D therapy in hypoparathyroidism and pseudohypoparathyroidism: weight-related dosages for initiation of therapy and maintenance therapy.

The aims of this study were to determine the dose of vitamin D2 that maintains the serum calcium level within the normal range in hypoparathyroid and pseudohypoparathyroid children and to establish a safe and quickly acting dose for initiating therapy in symptomatic patients. The dose requirement for maintenance therapy was studied in 11 patients and initiation therapy was studied in five newly diagnosed hypocalcemic patients. The results show that (1) the maintenance requirement of vitamin D2 is proportional to body weight and averages 2,000 IU (50 microgram)/kg/day for children of all ages and with all types of hypoparathyroid disorders and the (2) in newly diagnosed symptomatic patients, carefully controlled administration of 8,000 IU (200 microgram) vitamin D2/kg/day for the first one to two weeks corrects hypocalcemia quickly and safely.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Decreased bone mineral status in lactating adolescent mothers.

To determine the calcium and bone mineral status of lactating adolescents, we compared 12 lactating adolescents with 11 nonlactating adolescents, 11 lactating adults, and 11 nulliparous adolescent control subjects. At two and 16 weeks, there were no differences in maternal serum concentrations of calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, or calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D). The bone mineral content at two weeks among the four groups was not different, but at 16 weeks the lactating adolescents' bone mineral content was lower than that in the other groups. The lactating adolescents' bone mineral content was decreased between two and 16 weeks (1.049 +/- 0.088 vs 0.887 +/- 0.054 gm/cm; P less than 0.02). Dietary intakes were similar among the groups for calories, protein, vitamin D, calcium, and phosphorus. However, only three of ten lactating adolescents met the recommended dietary allowance for calcium or phosphorus (1,600 mg/day), whereas eight of ten nonlactating adolescents, six of seven lactating adults, and seven of ten adolescents control subjects met the recommended dietary allowance for calcium or phosphorus (P less than 0.05). Our data suggest that during 16 weeks of lactation, the adolescent mother may be at risk for bone demineralization because of low dietary intakes of calcium or phosphorus.

25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2↗
PubMed1983

Circulating vitamin D metabolite concentrations in children with nutritional rickets.

Serum calcidiol, calcitriol, and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D concentrations were measured in 20 children with vitamin D-deficiency rickets. Vitamin D metabolite concentrations were measured in 17 of 20 patients before treatment and in 14 of 20 patients after vitamin D administration. Conclusions are as follows. (1) Before treatment, serum calcidiol seems to be the best criterion of D deficiency, as it was low (less than 8 ng/ml) in 15 of 17 studied children, whereas calcitriol and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D concentrations ranged from undetectable to high values (350 pg/ml and 5.9 ng/ml, respectively). (2) Low calcidiol concentrations may occur despite recent vitamin D intake: low serum values were found in children given vitamin D2 up to two months after the onset of therapy (50 micrograms/day). (3) Elevated calcitriol serum concentrations were observed in all children after initiation of vitamin D therapy; these high concentrations persisted for four weeks or more, even after normalization of serum calcium, phosphorus, and parathyroid hormone values. (4) Healing of biochemical abnormalities can occur even in children with low circulating concentrations of calcidiol and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D.

25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2↗
PubMed1985

Vitamin D metabolites in adolescents and young adults with cystic fibrosis: effects of sun and season.

To assess mineral metabolism in patients with cystic fibrosis and to study the effects of season and sunlight exposure on generation of vitamin D metabolites, we quantified serum levels of calcidiol and calcitriol, other measures of bone metabolism, and radiographic bone mass in 20 adolescents and young adults with CF and 20 age-matched normal volunteers. Levels of calcidiol were lower in patients with CF than in controls and lower in Massachusetts than in Arizona in both study groups. Controls in Arizona had higher (P less than 0.05) levels of calcitriol than in Massachusetts throughout the year. All control subjects in both states had higher levels of calcitriol than did patients with CF. Patients in Massachusetts had significantly lower levels of calcitriol in winter than in summer. Summer levels of calcitriol in CF were significantly higher in Massachusetts than in Arizona; during winter, lower levels were found in Massachusetts than in Arizona. Mean bone density in patients with CF was 88% and 89% of normal American standards in Massachusetts and Arizona, respectively. These data indicate a seasonal, sunlight-related influence on levels of vitamin D metabolites in patients with CF receiving approximately 1000 IU vitamin D per day. Older patients with CF with progressively diminishing sunlight exposure may be at increased risk for development of osteopenia. The detected radiographic abnormalities of bone mineralization may also be related to malabsorptive deficiencies of calcium and phosphorus.

25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2↗
PubMed1986

Vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy: effect on neonatal calcium homeostasis.

We assessed whether modification of vitamin D nutritional status during the last trimester of pregnancy affects maternal and neonatal calcium homeostasis. At the end of the first trimester, 40 pregnant women were randomly assigned to either of two groups, and blood taken to assess the basal values of Ca, Pi, Mg, iPTH, 25-OHD, and 1,25(OH)2D. From the sixth month on, group 1 (+D) received 1000 IU vitamin D3 daily; group 2 (-D) served as control. At the time of delivery, maternal serum 25-OHD was higher in the +D group (P less than 0.0005). Ca, Pi, iPTH, and 1,25(OH)2D were not affected. At term, venous cord 25-OHD levels were also higher in the +D group (P less than 0.0005), and 1,25(OH)2D levels slightly lower (P less than 0.05), but neither Ca, Pi, nor iPTH differed between the two groups. Serum CaT dropped significantly (P less than 0.002) at 4 days of age in the infants from both groups, although to a lesser extent in these from the +D group (P less than 0.05). Circulating iPTH increased in both groups. Serum 25-OHD remained low in the -D group, and dropped slightly in the +D group; 1,25(OH)2D remained stable during the first 4 days of life in the -D group, and increased in the +D group (P less than 0.001). Our data demonstrate the importance of providing adequate maternal vitamin D stores to ensure better perinatal handling of calcium. This is of particular importance for populations at risk for hypovitaminosis D.

25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2↗