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At least 649 records · Page 36Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Visual function in patients with optic nerve pallor (optic atrophy).

This cross-sectional study assessed the relationship between the degree of optic nerve pallor (optic atrophy) and visual function. Using a set of "gold standard" stereoscopic slides, the severity of optic atrophy for 270 eyes, each having sustained a bout of optic neuropathy, was graded. Good visual acuity was found in 55/86 (64.0%) mild, 54/119 (45.4%) moderate, and 21/65 (32.3%) marked optic atrophy eyes. Good visual field was found in 6/28 (21.4%) mild, 4/43 (9.3%) moderate, and 2/28 (7.1%) marked optic atrophy eyes. Good color vision was found in 31/46 (67.4%) mild, 12/62 (19.4%) moderate, and 7/31 (22.6%) marked optic atrophy eyes. A significant rank correlation was observed between optic atrophy and visual acuity (P < 0.001; rs = 0.356), visual field (P < 0.001; rs = -0.398), and color vision (P < 0.001; rs = -0.492). As the graded severity of optic atrophy increases, the proportion of eyes with good visual function decreases. Visual field, rather than visual acuity or color vision, appears to be a better indicator of the severity of visual loss, when optic atrophy is present.

Cross-Sectional Studies↗
PubMed1995

Role of the vitreous in central retinal vein occlusion.

PURPOSE: The role of the vitreous in eyes with CRVO and its relationship to neovascularization and macular edema, in particular, were investigated. METHODS: A retrospective chart review of the vitreous condition of 136 patients (136 eyes) with CRVO was performed. Based on fluorescein angiography findings and color photographs, eyes with CRVO were classified as either ischemic or nonischemic. RESULTS: In ischemic cases, retinal or optic disc neovascularization or both developed in 8 (57%) of 14 eyes with no or partial posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) at the final examination. The prevalence of neovascularization was significantly higher than in eyes with complete PVD (0%, 0 of 38) at the final examination (P < 0.01). No significant relationship was found between iris neovascularization development and the vitreous condition or between the prevalence of PVD and macular edema. In nonischemic eyes, the prevalence of no PVD or partial PVD with vitreomacular attachment was significantly higher in those with macular edema (76%, 25 of 33) than in eyes without (25%, 13 of 51) at the final examination (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Complete PVD may protect against retinal or optic disc neovascularization in eyes with severe CRVO. Vitreomacular attachment may cause persistent macular edema in eyes with mild CRVO.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

A comparative study of the tapetum, retina and skull of the ferret, dog and cat.

Results of this investigation indicate that the ferret (Mustela putorius) closely resembles the dog (Canis familiaris) and should be a useful research animal alternative. The tapetum lucidum is a common structure present in the eyes of dogs, cats (Felis catus) and other nocturnal animals. Our study showed that this structure was present in ferret eyes. The color or reflection of the ferret and dog tapetum was remarkably reduced by the general fixation with glutaraldehyde. However, this color fading phenomenon was not observed in the cat tapetum. These observations led to this comparative study on several morphological, histochemical and biochemical parameters on mature ferrets, dogs and cats including: (1) the number of center tapetum cell layers, (2) thickness of center tapetum, (3) presence of a microtubule-like structure in each tapetal rod, (4) presence of electron-dense cores in tapetal rods after prolonged fixation in glutaraldehyde, (5) retention of reflection or color of tapetum after prolonged glutaraldehyde fixation, (6) zygomatic bones of eye orbits, (7) zinc content in tapetum, (8) cysteine in the tapetum, (9) cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase in liver, (10) thickness of retina from center tapetum, (11) anterior view of skull configuration, and (12) lateral view of skull configuration (jaw and teeth). Among these 12 parameters, ferret and dog were similar in the first nine points; ferret and cat were similar to each other only in the last two points. There was no difference in retinal thickness among these three animals.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Iris color and intraocular pressure: the Blue Mountains Eye Study.

PURPOSE: To assess the relationship between iris color and intraocular pressure (IOP). DESIGN: Population-based, cross-sectional study. METHODS: The Blue Mountains Eye Study examined 3,654 largely Caucasian participants, aged 49 to 97 years, from 1992 to 1994. Information was collected about glaucoma risk factors, and Goldmann applanation IOP measurements were taken. Iris color was assessed by comparing the undilated appearance of each eye with three standard photographs. Participants who had previous cataract or glaucoma surgery and those using glaucoma medications were excluded. RESULTS: Mean IOP measurements increased with increasing grades of iris pigmentation. After simultaneous adjustment for variables associated with IOP, mean measurements were 15.92 mm Hg for blue iris color, 16.04 mm Hg for hazel or green, 16.11 mm Hg for tan-brown, and 16.49 mm Hg for dark brown (P for trend = .001). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates a modest but statistically significant association between increasing iris color and IOP.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Acquired dyschromatopsias.

Theories of color vision have been founded on behavioral observations of how the human eye distinguishes colors and mixtures of colors. Studies of congenital dyschromatopsias (inherited disorders of color vision) have been important to the development of these theories. Subsequent studies of acquired dyschromatopsias (disorders of color vision caused by disease) were understandably influenced by these concepts. Theories to explain the patterns of color vision impairment found in acquired diseases (for example, preferential hue discrimination defects) have stressed the likelihood of selective damage to specific components of the afferent visual system (photoreceptors, ganglion cells, synaptic elements, axons etc.). More recent evidence suggests, however, that impairment of color vision by diseases of the retina and optic nerve is commonly nonspecific, and not the result of selective impairment of individual neural mechanisms responsible for mediating color vision. Rather, the patterns of acquired dyschromatopsias often appear to be related to a physiologically heterogeneous distribution of color vision in the foveal and perifoveal visual field, coupled with a tendency for the visual field defects caused by acquired diseases to be unevenly distributed in these same areas.

Color Perception Tests↗
PubMed1996

[Role of the vitreous in central retinal vein occlusion].

To investigate the role of the vitreous in eyes with central retinal vein occlusion, especially in relation to neovascularization and macular edema, we conducted a retrospective chart review of the vitreous condition of 150 patients (150 eyes) with central retinal vein occlusion. Based on fluorescein angiography findings and color photographs, eyes with central retinal vein occlusion were classified as ischemic or nonischemic. In ischemic cases, retinal or optic disc neovascularization, or both, developed in eight (57%) of 14 eyes without complete posterior vitreous detachment at the final examination. The prevalence of neovascularization was significantly higher than in eyes with complete posterior vitreous detachment (0%, 0/43) at the final examination (p < 0.01). In nonischemic cases, the prevalence of no posterior vitreous detachment or partial posterior vitreous detachment with vitreomacular adhesion was significantly higher in eyes with macular edema (76%, 28/37) than in eyes without it (23%, 13/56) at the final examination (p < 0.01). Complete posterior vitreous detachment may protect against retinal or optic disc neovascularization in eyes with severe central retinal vein occlusion. Vitreomacular adhesion may cause persistent macular edema in eyes with mild central retinal vein occlusion.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Le Grand eye for the study of ocular chromatic aberration.

In this technical note we study the prediction of ocular chromatic aberration which provides Le Grand's complete theoretical eye model. Theoretical computations of the longitudinal chromatic aberration are lower than experimental results. However, we show that experimental results of the chromatic difference of position (CDP) agree with theoretical predictions. The fit of the CDP for this model is practically the same as the one obtained for the Thibos reduced eye.

Color↗
PubMed1999

Indocyanine green videoangiography and color Doppler imaging in Behçet's disease.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the status of the retina and the choroid, and to evaluate blood flow velocity in the central retinal (CRA) and ophthalmic artery in Behçet's disease. METHODS: Digital fluorescein and indocyanine green (ICG) videoangiography were performed in 53 eyes and color Doppler ultrasonography in 61 eyes of 31 Behçet patients, between December 1993-January 1996. RESULTS: Fluorescein angiography revealed no vascular leakage in 7, and diffuse retinal and/or disc leakage due to vasculitis in 46 eyes. ICG angiography was normal in 14 eyes while it revealed hypo or hyperfluorescence in the remaining. For the CRA, peak systolic and end diastolic velocities were significantly lower in Behçet patients than in control cases. In the Behçet group, Doppler indices did not differ significantly in eyes which had choroidal abnormalities and those that did not, according to ICG angiography. CONCLUSION: In Behçet's disease, some abnormalities in the choroid may be seen. The disease appears to be associated with decreased mean flow velocities in CRA.

Adolescent↗