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[Treatment of infectious mononucleosis].
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[Infectious mononucleosis. A short review].
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[INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS: DIAGNOSIS AND THERAPY].
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[Uncommon clinical foroms of infectious mononucleosis].
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Reactivity of Paul-Bunnell type heterophile antibody in sera from infectious mononucleosis patients with the surface of lymphoid cells carrying Epstein-Barr virus genomes.
The possible presence of Paul-Bunnell (PB) antigen on Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-transformed lymphocytes were investigated. Of 23 EBV genome-positive lymphoblastoid cell lines tested all but one absorbed PB type antibody from the serum of an infectious mononucleosis patient. The one EBV-negative B cell line tested did not absorb the heterophile antibody. PB antibody, purified by an immunoadsorbent procedure using beef cell antigen, reacted with the EBV producer P3HR-1 cell line in an indirect membrane immunofluorescence test and was shown to be IgM antibody. Titers of heterophile agglutinin and reactivity with the cell surface were reduced to the same degree by absorption with beef cell antigen but not with guinea pig kidney antigen. PB antibody was distinct from IgM antibody against the EBV-determined membrane antigen, since the latter was not absorbed by beef cell antigen. PB antibody was also reactive with other EBV-positive B cell lines (QIMR-WIL, NC-37, and Raji) which were free of surface IgM. No reaction occurred with the nonproducer P3HR-1 line, a null cell line, and two T cell lines. The results suggest the presence of PB antigen on most EBV-transformed B lymphocytes, and its appearance in each of the transformed lymphocytes of patients with acute infectious mononucleosis.
Immunochemical studies of infectious mononucleosis. VII. Isolation and partial characterization of a glycopeptide from bovine erythrocytes.
The major sialoglycopeptide released from bovine erythrocytes by papain has been purified and characterized. The glycopeptide contains 82% by weight carbohydrate in molar ratios of galactose - 5.5:N-acetylglucosamine - 3.6:sialic acid - 2.6:N-acetylgalactosamine - 1.0. The carbohydrate and amino acid composition is quite different from the glycoprotein extracted from bovine erythrocyte stroma with hot 75% ethanol. The glycopeptide is devoid of reactivity with Paul-Bunnell heterophile antibody of infectious mononucleosis - an activity expressed to high degree on the bovine erythrocyte and associated with glycoprotein. The glycopeptide does react, however, with another antibody found in infectious mononucleosis as well as most normal human sera tested.
Spontaneous rupture of the spleen in infectious mononucleosis.
Two cases of spontaneous rupture of the spleen as a complication of infectious mononucleosis are reported. The literature is briefly reviewed and emphasis placed on the need for awareness of this rare complication.
[Conjunctival pseudolymphoma in infectious mononucleosis].
BACKGROUND: The most frequent manifestation of an infection with Epstein-Barr virus is the mostly unilateral transient follicular conjunctivitis. PATIENT: A 19-year-old man was evaluated for a unilateral salmon colored subconjunctival mass that had developed over one week. Additionally, the patient had painful cervical lymph nodes and a sore throat. Blood tests demonstrated a lymphocytosis and a high titer for Epstein-Barr-Virus-IgG and -IgM which was consistent with infectious mononucleosis. A biopsy form the conjunctival mass showed a mixed cellular infiltrate including lymphocytes, plasma cells, histocytes, and cells with a prominent eosinophilic nucleolus. The lesion displayed a spontaneous regression over the following 8 weeks. CONCLUSION: Infectious mononucleosis should be considered with a conjunctival tumor which may mimic a lymphoma.
Lymphocyte subpopulations in man: suppression of PWM-induced B-cell proliferation by infectious mononucleosis T cells.
The in vitro polyclonal pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-induced activation of human B lymphocytes is enhanced by addition of autologous or allogeneic irradiated T cells. This model for B/T-cell cooperation may be used to define and describe the balance between T helper and T suppressor phenomena. The present study investigates the helper and suppressor capacities of mononuclear cells isolated from peripheral blood of infectious mononucleosis patients during the acute disease and the reconvalescence period. During the acute disease we found a functional lack of T helper capacity; furthermore, the T cells were able to suppress the PWM and T-cell-dependent B-cell proliferation of healthy donor cells. The suppression was non-cytotoxic; i.e. not due to destruction of the responder cells. This phenomenon of non-cytotoxic suppression was found for all seven patients studied and disappeared during the reconvalescence period, indicating that the T lymphocytosis seen in infectious mononucleosis includes an expansion of T suppressor cells.
[A patient with a leftsided seropneumothorax and infectious mononucleosis].
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Radioimmunoassay for detection of antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus in human infectious mononucleosis serum specimens.
A rapid microradioimmunoassay (RIA) technique was adapted for quantitatively measuring antibody titers to antigens occurring in Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-infected lymphoid cells. In these experiments two EBV-infected cell lines, HR1K and EB-3, were used as antigen-positive cells and Molt-4 was used as the negative control cells. The antibody titers of sera from suspected infectious mononucleosis patients were compared by RIA and indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) methods. As determined by each of the methods, 14 of 19 sera had positive antibody titers and the remainder of the sera had negative antibody titers. Thus, the two methods agreed completely in differentiating sera with antibodies to EBV antigens. To further evaluate the antibody specificity of the RIA, the antibody titers of paired sera, pre- or early infection and postinfection, from five confirmed infectious mononucleosis patients were determined by RIA and IFA. Seroconversion was demonstrated by both RIA and IFA for each of the patients. Thus, the sensitivity and specificity of the two procedures are about the same.
Structural and metabolic state of peripheral blood mononuclear cells during infectious mononucleosis.
Morphometrical and cytochemical analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with infectious mononucleosis was carried out. Structural and metabolic state of lymphocytes and monocytes during convalescence and in delayed period after recovery differed from normal. Cytochemistry of atypical mononuclear cells was evaluated.
[Why are there anti-cardiolipin antibodies in patients with infectious mononucleosis and in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus?].
The phenomenon of anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL) is in recent years the subject of interest as it is connected with manifestations of thromboses at different sites, with repeated miscarriages in pregnant women and with thrombocytopenia. As compared with the original finding in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), the authors find they are present also in infection with the Epstein-Barr virus--in patients with acute infectious mononucleosis, in as many as 61% of a total number of 77 examined patients; in a group of 60 patients with SLE in 41% and in a group of healthy controls in 3.9%. aCL differ, however, as regards the distribution of isotypes--aCL of class IgM are found mainly in infectious mononucleosis, class IgG in patients with SLE. The authors discuss problems associated with the development and practical importance of these antibodies.
Epstein-Barr virus infectious mononucleosis.
The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is the aetiological agent of classical infectious mononucleosis. This review article describes the antigenicity of the virus, the specific antibody response and the stimulated polyclonal heterophile antibody production in the host. The diagnostic tests for EBV infection are discussed, with particular attention drawn to the pitfalls of the Monospot test. Complications are listed and management strategies are outlined. The uses and complications of steroids are discussed. The importance of avoidance of contact sport and the association with splenic rupture is described.
Auto-immune haemolytic anemia complicating infectious mononucleosis in a patient with hereditary elliptocytosis.
Auto-immune haemolytic anemia complicating infectious mononucleosis occurred in a patient with hereditary elliptocytosis. A cold antibody of IgM anti-i specificity with narrow thermal amplitude was identified in the serum and the erythrocytes were found to be coated with complement. Significantly excessive erythrophagocytosis was demonstrated in samples of the patient's blood which had been chilled and then incubated at 37 degrees C. The patient recovered spontaneously. The elliptocytosis does not appear to have contributed to the episode of haemolytic anaemia; the other elliptocytic member of the family (her father) had no history and no present evidence of haemolysis.
[The clinical value of immunological markers of EBV infection in children with infectious mononucleosis].
A hundred and sixteen patients aged 1 to 14 years who had infectious mononucleosis (IM) caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) were followed up in its acute phase and 3, 6, and 12 months after the disease experienced by them. The clinical significance of the markers of EBV infection was assessed in children with IM. The high diagnostic capacity of detection of EBV DNA in the lymphocytes was established in patients with IM. It was shown that it is necessary to use the serological markers of EBV infection to monitor the course of this disease in children.
B lymphocytopenia in infectious mononucleosis.
Changes in lymphocyte surface markers during Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) associated infectious mononucleosis (IM) were re-examined because (1) these changes may provide information about host immune restraints to the initiation of a malignant process and (2) problems in the identification of B lymphocytes were often not appreciated in previous observations. An acute and transient reduction of IgM- and IgD-bearing B lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of these patients was demonstrated. The numbers of cells bearing Fc receptors and T lymphocytes were less consistently altered. It is hypothesized that the reduction of IgM- and IgD-bearing cells is caused by interference with the production of these cells or alternately their elimination by the virus or activated T lymphocytes.