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At least 649 records · Page 36Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Effects of probiotic on intestinal mucosa of patients with ulcerative colitis.

AIM: To investigate the effects of probiotic on intestinal mucosae of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), and to evaluate the role of probiotic in preventing the relapse of UC. METHODS: Thirty patients received treatment with sulphasalazine (SASP) and glucocorticoid and then were randomly administered bifid triple viable capsule (BIFICO) (1.26 g/d), or an identical placebo (starch) for 8 wk. Fecal samples were collected for stool culture 2 wk before and after the randomized treatments. The patients were evaluated clinically, endoscopically and histologically after 2 mo of treatment or in case of relapse of UC. p65 and IkappaB expressions were determined by Western blot analysis. DNA-binding activity of NF-kappaB in colonic nuclear extracts was detected by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). mRNA expressions of cytokines were identified by semi-quantitative assay, reverse transcriptase- polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS: Three patients (20%) in the BIFICO group had relapses during 2-mo follow-up period, compared with 14 (93.3%) in placebo group (P<0.01). The concentration of fecal lactobacilli, bifidobacteria was significantly increased in BIFICO-treated group only (P<0.01). The expressions of NF-kappaB p65 and DNA binding activity of NF-kappaB were significantly attenuated in the treatment group than that in control (P<0.05). The mRNA expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines was elevated in comparison with the control group. CONCLUSION: The probiotic could impede the activation of NF-kappaB, decrease the expressions of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta and elevate the expression of IL-10. These results suggest that oral administration of this new probiotic preparation is effective in preventing flare-ups of chronic UC. It may become a prophylactic drug to decrease the relapse of UC.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal↗
PubMed1989

[A comparison of the dynamics of changes in large intestinal mucosa of acute dysentery patients with detection of a specific antigen in urine].

The relationship between the elimination of shigellae from the body with urine and the dynamics of morphological changes in the mucous membrane of the large intestine of acute dysentery patients at the early convalescence period has been studied. The persistence of Shigella antigen in acute dysentery patients and its elimination with urine is, as a rule, accompanied by local immune cell reaction in the mucous membrane of the large intestine. The antigen circulating in the body is a factor contributing to the inflammatory process in the intestine, the amount of the eliminated antigen being higher in pronounced inflammations of the intestinal mucosa than in residual inflammatory phenomena. A group of patients (3 persons) releasing Shigella O-antigen with urine and having the inflammatory process in the large intestine, but showing no signs of local immune reaction in the lymphoid tissue of the large intestine, has been found. The reactivity of the lymphoid tissue of the intestine in such patients is a risk factor contributing to the development of prolonged dysentery or chronic postdysenteric colitis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1984

Acute necrosis of the intestinal mucosa with high serum levels of diamine oxidase.

A patient with acute necrosis of the intestinal mucosa and high serum diamine oxidase activity is described. The 71-year-old woman, with a history of hypertension and cardiovascular and peripheral arteriosclerotic disease, presented with acute epigastric pain, vomiting, and a deteriorating hemodynamic condition. Serum level of the intestinal enzyme diamine oxidase (DAO) obtained on admission, approximately 24 hr after the onset of symptoms, was 7.4 times above the normal value. An exploratory laparotomy performed 6 hr later revealed cyanosis and areas of transmural necrosis involving the entire small bowel. The bowel was not resected because of the extent of lesion. Thirty hours after the first sample was taken and 2 hr before death, the serum DAO level was only slightly above normal. It is suggested that this biochemical marker could provide a valuable tool for the early diagnosis of intestinal ischemia.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1989

Effect of long-term intraluminal perfusion of pentagastrin on rat small-intestinal mucosa.

Mucosal changes occurring during long-term intraluminal perfusion of pentagastrin in the duodenum of conscious adult rats (100 micrograms/24 h/kg, 6 days) were studied. Significant increases of labelling and of mitotic indices were noted in the whole small intestine, with an enlargement of the crypt epithelial proliferative compartment. Differential kinetic variations were observed between upper and lower parts of the small intestine when labelling indices were measured in accordance with the cell position in the crypts. Kinetic variations were correlated to the increases of villous and microvillous area. Alkaline phosphatase and leucine-aminopeptidase-specific activities were significantly increased, suggesting modifications of synthesis and/or maturation of these enzymes. The ileal Paneth cell number was also significantly increased in the ileum. Pharmacologic doses of pentagastrin intraluminally perfused have a trophic effect at all levels of the small-intestinal mucosa.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed2002

Hormone-sensitive lipase is a cholesterol esterase of the intestinal mucosa.

The identity of the enzymes responsible for lipase and cholesterol esterase activities in the small intestinal mucosa is not known. Because hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) catalyzes the hydrolysis of acylglycerols and cholesteryl esters, we sought to determine whether HSL could be involved. HSL mRNA and protein were detected in all segments of the small intestine by Northern and Western blot analyses, respectively. Immunocytochemistry experiments revealed that HSL was expressed in the differentiated enterocytes of the villi and was absent in the undifferentiated cells of the crypt. Diacylglycerol lipase and cholesterol esterase activities were found in the different segments. Analysis of gut from HSL-null mice showed that diacylglycerol lipase activity was unchanged in the duodenum and reduced in jejunum. Neutral cholesterol esterase activity was totally abolished in duodenum, jejunum, and ileum of HSL-null mice. Analysis of HSL mRNA structure showed two types of transcripts expressed in equal amounts with alternative 5'-ends transcribed from two exons. This work demonstrates that HSL is expressed in the mucosa of the small intestine. The results also reveal that the enzyme participates in acylglycerol hydrolysis in jejunal enterocytes and cholesteryl ester hydrolysis throughout the small intestine.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Biochemical analysis of the microvillose membranes of the small intestine mucosa of dogs after levorin administration].

The effect of oral levorin used for a prolonged period of time on the lipid composition and activity of alkaline phosphatase and invertase of the microvilli membranes of the small intestinal enterocytes of old dogs was studied. Higher ratios of cholesterol/phospholipids in the membranes and inactivation of alkaline phosphatase and invertase were noted in the old dogs as compared to the young ones. Exposure of the old dogs to levorin had a significant effect on the microvilli membranes of the intestinal epithelial cells. It was evident from a lower ratio of cholesterol/phospholipids in the membranes and stimulation of the alkaline phosphatase activity. It is supposed that the changes in the state of the microvilli membranes of the small intestinal mucosa due to levorin play a definite role in the mechanism of its hypercholesterolemic action.

Aging↗
PubMed2002

Homeostasis in the small intestinal mucosa balanced between cell proliferation and apoptosis is regulated partly by the central nervous system.

The aim of this study was to investigate whether the central nervous system regulates mucosal cell growth and apoptosis in the rat small intestine. Ornithine decarboxylase is a key enzyme for polyamine synthesis, which plays an important role in intestinal mucosal growth. The increase in ornithine decarboxylase activity in the duodenum just before a dark period was abolished by truncal vagotomy. An infusion of 2-deoxy-D-glucose into the third cerebroventricle activated the enzyme activity in the small intestine. Epithelial homeostasis is balanced by the regulation of cell proliferation and cell death. Intestinal mucosal apoptosis decreased in rats with ventromedial hypothalamus lesions, which induced hyperphagia and obesity. In contrast, sustained anorexia induced by 1-deoxy-D-glucosamine increased intestinal apoptosis. These results indicate that the central nervous system, in addition to local factors, is related to the regulation of mucosal homeostasis in the intestinal mucosa.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Association of Treponema hyodysenteriae with porcine intestinal mucosa.

The association of Treponema hyodysenteriae with porcine caecal and colonic mucosal surfaces was studied by electron microscopy after orogastric inoculation of pigs with pure cultures. Examination of caecal and colonic mucosa from infected and control animals revealed that large numbers of the spirochaete were associated only with intestinal mucosal surfaces of infected animals. Further examination of the intestinal mucosa from infected pigs showed that T. hyodysenteriae colonized two sites preferentially: the mucus-filled crypts of Lieberkühn and the mucus gel covering the epithelium. Furthermore, no evidence of either specific or nonspecific adhesion to the epithelium proper was found, suggesting that penetration of, or trapping in the mucus gel may be the predominant mechanism of mucosal association by T. hyodysenteriae. Moreover, T. hyodysenteriae was also observed to be highly motile in intestinal mucus, moving faster than any other organism present, and this 'high speed' motility appeared to facilitate penetration into the mucosa. The pattern of motility observed was also highly suggestive of chemotaxis, and this was subsequently confirmed using an in vitro assay to porcine mucus material. It is suggested, therefore, that motility and chemotaxis are important factors/mechanisms in the association and colonization of porcine intestinal mucosa by T. hyodysenteriae.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Benefits of intraluminal injection of glutamine for intestinal mucosa during ischemia-reperfusion.

BACKGROUND: We investigated the effect of intraluminal glutamine on the intestinal mucosa in the presence of ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). METHODS: Six blind sacs were created in the small bowel (3 at the jejunum and 3 at the ileum) in 10 Wistar rats. The lateral sacs of both bowel regions were submitted to IRI (30/30 min), while the medial sacs were left free to receive blood supply. In the lateral sacs, a solution containing either saline plus 4% glutamine or pure saline was injected at the bowel lumen. No fluid was injected in the medial sacs. RESULTS: Both at the jejunum and at the ileum, the score of the mucosal injury was higher in saline-injected sacs than in either glutamine-injected or control sacs. There was a significantly greater number of neutrophils in the sacs treated with saline than in the other two groups of sacs. CONCLUSION: Glutamine protects the mucosa and diminishes the accumulation of neutrophils at the lamina propria of the small bowel in IRI.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

The effect of long term treatment with disulfiram on content of cytochrome P-450 and on benzo(a)pyrene monooxygenase activity in microsomes isolated from the rat small intestinal mucosa.

Disulfiram (DS) was administered perorally once a day to rats for 30 days to investigate the effects on cytochrome P-450 content and benzo(a)pyrene (BP) monooxygenase activity in microsomes isolated from the small intestinal mucosa. 50 mg or 100 mg DS/kg body weight caused a dose-related increase in BP monooxygenase activity, whereas the content of cytochrome P-450 was increased at the higher dose only. Similar absorption characteristics of cytochrome P-450 and turnover rates for BP on the basis o f cytochrome P-450 was observed among the different microsomal preparations. The addition of DS or diethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC) to incubates of intestinal microsomes inhibited BP monooxygenase activity. Microsomes isolated from DS-treated rats were however less sensitive to in vitro inhibition by DS.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Intestinal mucosa and intra-abdominal lymphoid tissues of the platypus, Ornithorhynchus anatinus.

The morphological features of the intestinal mucosa and intra-abdominal lymphoid tissues of the platypus were examined. The mucosal surface of the intestine was characterized by the formation of large folds instead of the finger-like villi found in placental mammals. The lamina propria of the mucosal fold was well developed and contained numerous lymphocytes, expressing the lymphoid nature which is characteristic of the lamina propria of mammalian intestines. Although numerous well-developed Peyer's patches were observed in the ileum, solitary lymphoid nodules could not be found anywhere in the small intestine. Other intra-abdominal lymphoid tissues, particularly mesenteric lymphoid nodules, were well developed. However, each nodule represented a single follicle in contrast to the mammalian mesenteric lymph node which is composed of numerous follicles fused together. On the basis of the above findings, the tissues in question are considered to be at an evolutionary level preceding that of placental mammals.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1985

Influences of dexamethasone on the maturation of fetal mouse intestinal mucosa in organ culture.

The effects of glucocorticoids on the maturation of the fetal small intestinal mucosa have been studied using duodenal explants resected at 17 days of gestation and cultured in a serum-free medium in the presence or absence of dexamethasone (30-300 ng/ml). Dexamethasone (a) increases specifically alkaline phosphatase, maltase, trehalase and sucrase activities and (b) allows an accumulation of goblet cells along the villi at a faster rate than that occurring in utero. These results indicate that glucocorticoids influence directly the differentiation of absorptive cells and goblet cells in the small intestine during the fetal period.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1992

Systematics of the Lactobacillus population on rat intestinal mucosa with special reference to Lactobacillus reuteri.

The systematics of the Lactobacillus population of the intestines of 88 different rats was studied; 80 rats had been fed on fermented oat-meal soup (Molin et al. 1992). One-hundred-twenty-two Lactobacillus strains from the intestinal mucosa were phenotypically classified together with twenty-eight reference strains of Lactobacillus and Leuconostoc, using 49 unit characters. Data were examined using Jaccard coefficient, and unweighted pair group algorithm with arithmetic averages. Two major and eleven minor clusters were defined at the 76% SJ-similarity level: Cluster 1 included thirty isolates which could not be identified further, but had resemblance to the type strains of L. jensenii, L. gasseri, L. crispatus, and to some extent to L. acidophilus. Cluster 12 including fifty-four intestinal isolates was identified as L. reuteri; and so was cluster 13 (five isolates). Isolates of the major clusters were found in all parts of the intestines. The genomic homogeneity of the L. reuteri isolates was scrutinized by endonuclease restriction analysis of the chromosomal DNA, and the isolates could be divided into six genomic strains.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1995

Vitamin D affects Krebs cycle NAD-linked oxidoreductases from chick intestinal mucosa.

Vitamin D3 administration affects the NAD-linked oxidoreductase activities of Krebs cycle from intestinal mucosa of vitamin D-deficient chicks. Vmax values were increased in all of them, while K0.5 for substrate remained unchanged except for 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase, which showed lower affinity for oxoglutarate. Addition of Ca2+ to the incubation medium increased the affinity of 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase and NAD-isocitrate dehydrogenase for their substrates either in the vitamin D3 treated group or in the control one. The activity of succinate dehydrogenase, a FMN-dependent oxidoreductase, was not modified by vitamin D3 administration. The oxygen consumption of the intestinal mitochondria was not altered by cholecalciferol treatment to vitamin D-deficient chicks. The reason why vitamin D3 selectively affects the NAD-linked oxidoreductase activities of the Krebs cycle remains unknown. The vitamin D hormone, 1,25(OH)2D3, appears to be the mediator of the response.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Acute changes occurring in the intestinal mucosae of rats given a single injection of 1,2 dimethylhydrazine.

In the long term, administration of dimethylhydrazine (DMH) to rats results in the development of tumours in both small intestine and colon. This study has been undertaken in order to document the sequence of changes occurring in the intestinal mucosa in the first 108 h following a single subcutaneous injection of DMH. After a lag of several hours there is evidence of damage to cells in the proliferation zone of the intestinal crypts, and a brief reduction in tritiated thymidine labelling index. A phase of compensatory regenerative activity emerges from the setting of continuing cell damage, resulting in restoration of the mucosa to normal. The severity of the toxic damage to the intestinal mucosa at various sites mirrors the vulnerability of the mucosa to the long term carcinogenic effects of DMH, suggesting that inherent properties of the mucosa may be of more importance than other cocarcinogenic influences in the ultimate development of tumours.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[New radiological aspects of the intestinal mucosa in celiac sprue: injection of barium into the intestinal glands].

The radiologic findings are described of mucosal folds thickening in coeliac sprue in patients with short clinical history. Moreover attention is pointed on the flattening of the valves and the thinning of the intestinal walls which appear in dilated segments in cases with evident clinical findings. Finally in patients with long standing clinical manifestations and histologic positive controls, a thin spiculation of intestinal outlines and a dotted mucosal surface are visible, probably due to the filling of the Lieberkühn glands with contrast medium.

Barium Sulfate↗
PubMed2003

Comparison of intestinal mucosa homogenate and pure culture of the homologous Lawsonia intracellularis isolate in reproducing proliferative enteropathy in swine.

Little information is available on reproduction of proliferative enteropathy (PE) using a virulent pure culture of Lawsonia intracellularis. Reproduction of the disease using PE-diseased mucosa homogenates, however, is well-characterized. The aims of this study were to evaluate and compare clinical signs, growth performance and the severity of lesions in pigs inoculated with intestinal mucosa homogenate or pure culture of the homologous L. intracellularis isolate. Five-week-old pigs were inoculated with pure culture of L. intracellularis (isolate PHE/MN1-00; n=10), PE-diseased mucosa (n=10), or control media (n=4). The L. intracellularis isolate PHE/MN1-00 used in the pure culture inoculum was extracted from a fragment of the same intestine used to prepare the mucosa homogenate. Clinical signs and growth performance were evaluated throughout the study. Fecal shedding was evaluated in all animals weekly during the experiment. All animals were euthanized 22 days post-inoculation, the intestines were examined grossly and histologically. Results showed that both the infection procedures reproduced clinical disease, macroscopic and histologic lesions typical of PE. Fecal shedding was detected in animals in both challenge groups. In conclusion, the L. intracellularis isolate PHE/MN1-00 reproduces typical clinical signs and lesions of PE similar to the homologous infection with an intestinal mucosa homogenate.

Animals↗