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At least 649 records · Page 36Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Transferable resistance to trimethoprim in enteric pathogens isolated in Kuwait.

Trimethoprim resistance was seen in 14.8% of 500 strains of salmonella, 43.1% of 153 strains of shigella and 59% of 27 strains of Escherichia coli isolated from stools of patients with diarrhoea. Strains with a high level of trimethoprim resistance (MIC of much greater than 512 micrograms) were subjected to conjugal transfer. Trimethoprim resistance was plasmid-mediated in all of 42 strains of shigella and 12 strains of E. coli examined. However, 2 of the 47 strains of salmonella could not transfer their trimethoprim resistance either directly or by mobilization with the transfer factors X and delta both at 37 and 25 degrees C overnight incubation.

Conjugation, Genetic↗
PubMed1997

Epidemiological features of complicated UTI in a district hospital of Kuwait.

Records from patients admitted to the surgical or medical department or examined in the respective outpatient departments in a Kuwaiti district hospital were reviewed retrospectively to discern the demographic characteristics of patients with complicated urinary tract infections (UTI), underlying conditions, pathogens and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. Kuwaiti nationals constituted the largest group, followed by Egyptians, which in the population of 225 patients studied comprised 41% and 27%, respectively; 65 of these 225 patients (29%) had urinary stones; 33 of the 92 Kuwaiti patients (36%) had diabetes mellitus; 38 of the 60 Egyptian patients (63%) had urinary stones and 18 had bilharziasis (30%). Pathogens were isolated 353 times from 225 patients. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and several other organisms in those patients with bilharziasis, urinary stones, and especially diabetes mellitus, displayed lower susceptibility frequencies to antimicrobials in comparison with other surgical and medical UTI isolates. Surgical and medical UTI organisms showed an overall higher antimicrobial resistance frequency than did UTI organisms from the maternity department or regional clinics. More than half of the population of Kuwaiti consists of expatriates from different countries. Such a population structure can exhibit peculiarities when health is considered. All this should be taken into consideration while dealing with disease management.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

New species of Hatschekia Poche, 1902 (Copepoda: Hatschekiidae) parasitic on marine fishes of Kuwait.

Three new species of Hatschekia are described from the gill filaments of fishes taken in the Persian Gulf: H. seyi n. sp. from Heniochus acuminatus (Linnaeus), H. nodosa n. sp. from Lutjanus coccineus (Cuvier) and H. tanysoma n. sp. from L. fulviflamma (Forsskål). H. seyi differs from its congeners in having the cephalothorax longer than the trunk; H. nodosa, in having multiple nodules on the posterolateral margins of the trunk; and H. tanysoma, in having the trunk more than six times the length of cephalothorax and some pinnate setae on legs 1 and 2.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Pediatric urolithiasis in Kuwait.

In this retrospective study, 31 Kuwaiti children with renal stones were reviewed between January 1996 and September 2000. Male to Female ratio was 2.1:1 with a mean age at presentation of 38 months. Family history of renal stones was reported in 58%. Stones were localized to the kidneys in 74.1%, to ureters in 6% and to the bladder in 9.6%. Bilateral stones were found in 64.5%. Clinical manifestations included: hematuria in 70.9%, passage of stones in 64.5%, abdominal pain in 41.9%, urinary tract infections in 29%, sterile pyuria in 22.9% and urine retention in 16%. Causes of stone formation included hypercalciuria in 38.7%, hyperoxaluria in 19.3%, cystinuria in 12.9%, xanthinuria in 12.9%, urinary tract infection in 3.2%, obstruction in 9.6% and idiopathic in 3.2%. In conclusion, lithogenic metabolic causes were found to be the major predisposing factors to stone formation among Kuwaiti children whereas diet and environmental factors played a trivial role.

Age Distribution↗
PubMed2000

Salient features and HLA markers of childhood psoriasis in Kuwait.

A total of 305 consecutive Kuwaiti children with psoriasis were studied for clinical features and 50 children were tissue typed for HLA class I and class II antigens. The salient features of psoriasis in these children included: female preponderance (M : F ratio, 1:1.5); peak age of onset between 2 and 8 years; scalp as the most common site of onset (30%); scalp and extensors of legs as commonly affected sites (52.5% each); plaque psoriasis the most common clinical type (89%); and a positive family history of psoriasis in 34% of the patients. Kuwaiti children with psoriasis showed a significant association with HLA-A3, Cw1, and DR7 antigens and those with a positive family history of psoriasis had a significant association with HLA-DR8 antigen.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed1999

Use of recombinant factor VIIa (NovoSeven) in a haemophilia A patient with inhibitor in Kuwait.

Development of inhibitors is a known complication in some haemophiliacs receiving coagulation factor replacement therapy. We report on the successful management of a young boy with haemophilia A with inhibitor using recombinant factor VIIa. We had failed to control bleeding in this patient following his circumcision, despite infusion with high doses of factor VIII concentrate for 2 weeks. Recombinant factor VIIa is a useful 'factor VIII bypassing agent' for the control of bleeding in patients with haemophilia A and B who develop inhibitors. We suggest that severely affected haemophiliacs should be absolved of ritual circumcision as a protective measure against what might become a life-threatening haemorrhage - especially in those with inhibitors.

Blood Loss, Surgical↗
PubMed1998

Patients' and nurses' perceptions of the quality of nursing care in Kuwait.

Using an exploratory research method and a purposive sample of 259 subjects (109 of whom were nurses and 148 patients), data were collected using an instrument consisting of the elements of the nursing process. Four hypotheses were tested, using the analysis of covariance and the t-test The result of hypothesis I showed that there was no statistically significant difference in the perception of the quality of nursing care between the patients in the medical and surgical units of the five study hospitals. Hypothesis 2 indicated that there was no significant difference between nurses in the medical-surgical units in the areas of assessment, planning and implementation. However, a significant difference was found for accountability and responsibility. Further analysis using a t-test showed a significant difference between nurses in the medical and surgical units in the areas of accountability and responsibility. The data for hypothesis 3 and 4 yielded no significant difference in the perceptions of quality care by nurses according to work experience and by patients in all hospitals regardless of the patients' age and sex.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Antimicrobial susceptibility profile of soil isolates of Nocardia asteroides from Kuwait.

OBJECTIVES: To find the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of 42 soil isolates of Nocardia asteroides against 14 antimicrobial agents representing beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, ciprofloxacin, minocycline, erythromycin and third generation cephalosporins. METHODS: The antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by the disk diffusion method using Mueller-Hinton agar medium. A homogeneous suspension giving an inoculum of 106-108 CFU/mL was used to streak the plates. The zone of inhibition was read after 36-48 h of incubation at 37 degrees C. RESULTS: All the soil isolates of N. asteroides were susceptible to amikacin, imipenem and tobramycin. Susceptibility to cephalosporins was quite variable; 86% of the isolates were susceptible to cefotaxime, 57% to ceftriaxone and 40% to cefamandole. Fifty-seven per cent of the isolates showed intermediate susceptibility to cefamandole, 33% to ceftriaxone and 5% to cefotaxime. Ninety-three per cent of the isolates were resistant to sulfamethoxazole alone or in combination with trimethoprim. CONCLUSIONS: The study reports a wide variation in the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of soil isolates of N. asteroides originating from a single geographical area. Of interest is the finding that over 90% of N. asteroides isolates were resistant to sulfamethoxazole without any previous exposure to this drug. This may have serious therapeutic implications as sulphonamides or the combination of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is the therapy of choice for nocardiosis. Demonstration of resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics may be attributed to the presence of beta-lactamases which was detectable in > 90% of the soil strains of N. asteroides. The study underscores the importance of antimicrobial susceptibility testing for clinical isolates of Nocardia since individual strains show considerable differences in their susceptibility patterns necessitating therapeutic adjustments.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1999

An analysis of hospital-acquired bacteraemia in intensive care unit patients in a university hospital in Kuwait.

An analysis of hospital-acquired bacteraemia among ICU patients was carried out over a two-year period in order to determine the incidence, associated mortality rate and susceptibility pattern of causative pathogens. There was a high incidence of bacteraemia, occurring in 127 (18.4%) of 692 patients. Mortality attributable to nosocomial bacteraemia was 52% of the total 79 deaths from all causes. The highest mortality rate (58.5%) occurred in patients with fungal infections, whilst death from Gram-negative bacteraemia was only 17%. Over 98% of patients had underlying disease. Nearly half (46.8%) of 267 organisms isolated were Gram-positive. In comparison, Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 36.6% and the rest (17.6%) were fungi (mainly Candida albicans). The majority of the bactereamic episodes were monomicrobial (90.2%). Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) were the commonest pathogens isolated, representing 32.6% of all organisms. Inducible beta-lactamase producing organism (Enterobacter spp. 9.7%, Serratia marcescens 6.7%, Klebsiella pneumoniae 6% and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 6%) formed the bulk of Gram-negative bacteria. In contrast, Escherichia coli (7.5%) and K. pneumoniae (4%) were the commonest Gram-negative bacteria from hospital-acquired bacteraemia in the general hospital population. The majority (80%) of CNS were resistant to methicillin (MRSE) but susceptible to vancomycin; they were relatively resistant to erythromycin, clindamycin and beta-lactams antibiotics. Whilst Gram-negative organisms were relatively susceptible to imipenem (85%), ciprofloxacin (88%) and amikacin (87%), they had unacceptably low levels of susceptibility to cefuroxime (59.3%), cefotaxime (71%), ceftazidime (60.9%), and piperacillin (51.1%). This study shows that hospital-acquired bacteraemia in ICU patients carries a poor prognosis. Information regarding the infective agents and their susceptibility in the ICU setting is valuable for the selection of empirical therapy before culture and susceptibility results are known.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Fulminant viral hepatitis in Kuwait.

This study describes the aetiology and clinical course of fulminant viral hepatitis in 34 patients. Sixteen of 34 (47%) patients presented with serological evidence that indicated that hepatitis B virus (HBV) was the cause of fulminant hepatitis, while in 13 of 34 (38%) non-A, non-B (NANB) virus was implicated as the cause. Further, in three cases (9%) and two cases (6%) the patients' serological data indicated that hepatitis A (HAV) and the delta agent superinfection, respectively, were the cause. Forty-seven per cent of cases with fulminant viral hepatitis were among those aged between 21 and 40 years. Fulminant hepatitis due to HAV was confined to children less than five years of age, while the two patients who had delta infection were 40 years or older. Fulminant hepatitis occurred with equal frequency among males and females, and with the exception of one case, who had a NANB virus infection, the outcome of fulminant viral hepatitis in this study was invariably fatal.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Assessment of the levels of chlorinated pesticides in breast milk in Kuwait.

Breast milk samples, randomly collected from 32 Kuwaiti donors were analysed for chlorinated pesticides. DDE residues ranged from 127 to 3333 micrograms/kg, averaging, 833 micrograms/kg, expressed on a fat weight basis. DDT levels ranged from 0.6 to 67 micrograms/kg fat and averaged 12.4 micrograms/kg, fat. High DDE/DDT ratios were found, which indicated that the exposure to DDT, in most cases, happened quite some time ago. In addition many of the samples also contained isomers of HCH, heptachlor-epoxide, aldrin, dieldrin and endrin. Residue levels of non-DDT pesticides were generally low. Overall levels of DDT-pesticides in Kuwaiti milk samples were lower than levels reported from other Middle Eastern countries, although methodologies may not be directly comparable.

Environmental Exposure↗