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At least 649 records · Page 36Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Genetic information, rights, and autonomy.

Rights, autonomy, privacy, and confidentiality are concepts commonly used in discussions concerning genetic information. When these concepts are thought of as denoting absolute norms and values which cannot be overriden by other considerations, conflicts among them naturally occur. In this paper, these and related notions are examined in terms of the duties and obligations medical professionals and their clients can have regarding genetic knowledge. It is suggested that while the prevailing idea of autonomy is unhelpful in the analysis of these duties, and the ensuing rights, an alternative reading of personal self-determination can provide a firmer basis for ethical guidelines and policies in this field.

Confidentiality↗
PubMed2005

The virtue of moral responsibility and the obligations of patients.

The American Medical Association has provided a list of patient responsibilities, said to be derived from patient autonomy, without providing any justification for this derivation. In this article, the virtue of moral responsibility is proposed as a way to justify these kinds of limits on respect for individual autonomy. The need for such limits is explained by examining the traditional principles of health care ethics. What is missing in health care decision making, and can be provided by the virtue of moral responsibility, is a careful consideration of the impact of individual decisions on particular others and the community, as a whole. The concept of moral responsibility as a virtue is then developed and examples of its application to health care decision making are provided. Finally, the roles of both physicians and health care ethicists in promoting the morally responsible exercise of individual autonomy are explored.

Bioethics↗
PubMed2004

Joy to the world! A (healthy) child is born! Reconceptualizing 'harm' in wrongful conception.

The wrongful conception action holds both a troubled past and future. As a response to rapid technological advancement in the area of reproduction, this action has introduced complex legal and ethical issues in the courts' efforts to respond to the question: 'Can parenthood ever constitute an injury?' At the heart of this dilemma lies the manner by which both law and society conceptualize 'harm'--is this 'part of the normal vicissitudes of life' or a harmful event? But this question is not decided within a legal vacuum and public policy factors have deeply influenced the nature and existence of case law in this field. In the context of the controversial cases of McFarlane v Tayside Health Board [2000] and Rees v Darlington Memorial Hospital [2002], this article critically examines how 'harm' is judicially characterized and explores the various tensions emerging from conflicting harm constructs. In arguing that the courts must seek to find a balanced approach between public policy concerns and reproductive autonomy, this article will present a fresh theoretical perspective to the conceptualization of harm based on autonomy as the central organizing principle.

Child↗