PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “RETINAL HEMORRHAGE”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 649 records · Page 36Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Bilateral subinternal limiting membrane hemorrhage with Terson syndrome.

PURPOSE: To report the anatomic location of bilateral dome-shaped posterior pole hemorrhages in a patient with Terson syndrome. METHODS: Case report. We performed bilateral vitrectomy for vitreous hemorrhage in a patient with Terson syndrome. After removal of vitreous hemorrhage, the tissue overlying a large discrete hemorrhage in the posterior pole was removed, and the tissue from one eye was examined histologically. RESULT: The discrete dome-shaped hemorrhage in the posterior pole was confined to the retina anteriorly by the internal limiting membrane. CONCLUSION: Large dome-shaped retinal hemorrhages with Terson syndrome can be located beneath the internal limiting membrane of the retina.

Basement Membrane↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Valsalva retinopathy-like hemorrhage associated with combined trabeculotomy-trabeculectomy in a patient with developmental glaucoma.

This case describes valsalva retinopathy-like hemorrhage in a patient with developmental glaucoma who underwent primary combined trabeculotomy-trabeculectomy. A 12-year-old boy with developmental glaucoma in both eyes developed shallow anterior chamber following combined trabeculotomy-trabeculectomy in his right eye. He underwent air injection for reformation of the anterior chamber under general anesthesia. Following reformation of the anterior chamber on the 5th postoperative day, examination of the patient revealed valsalva retinopathy-like hemorrhage. The patient was treated with betamethasone and cyclopentolate in the postoperative period, and was followed by complete absorption of the retinal hemorrhages with retention of normal visual acuity. Valsalva retinopathy-like hemorrhage may occur with valsalva maneuver during general anesthesia.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed2005

Permanent visual deficits secondary to the HELLP syndrome.

A 34-year-old woman with eclampsia and the hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets (HELLP) syndrome developed encephalopathy, cardiomyopathy, pulmonary edema, liver failure, and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), all of which resolved. She also had retinal hemorrhages in both eyes and a hemorrhagic infarct in the left occipital lobe that resulted in a permanent right homonymous hemianopia and a persistently depressed acuity of 20/100 OS. This case is unusual in demonstrating permanent visual deficits. In nearly all cases of preeclampsia or eclampsia, visual deficits are reversible. The superimposition of the HELLP syndrome may create more neurologic damage. Clinicians should be alert to patients at risk for HELLP syndrome and manage them aggressively.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Fundus examination of newborns on Tibet plateau].

Fundus examination of 255 newborns in high altitude Tibet revealed that the optic discs were of orange-pink colour with clear margin and over ten small vessels. The C/D ratio in 500 eyes (98.04%) was 0.3 or less, and none was 0.6 or over. The C/D ratio in both eyes of 242 babies (94.90%) was symmetrical and in only 1 case (0.39%) it differed by 0.2. The macula of all infants was dark red with no foveal reflection. Some of the veins were engorged. Retinal hemorrhages were found in 64 cases (25.10%), 12 cases in the macular region and 1 case on the optic disc. Retinal edema was present in 30 cases, cotton wool exudates in 30 cases, vitreous artery in 6 cases, and congenital cataracts in 1 case. The mechanism of retinal changes were discussed.

Altitude↗
PubMed1999

[Bilateral neuroretinitis with zoster infection].

BACKGROUND: Infections with varicella zoster virus may involve the optic nerve and the retina. Different pathomechanisms have been discussed. We present a case with an autoimmune inflammatory reaction according to the clinical course. PATIENT: A 69-year-old female was referred to our clinic because of suspected bilateral anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. She complained of severe visual loss the day before admission. Her ophthalmological and general history was unremarkable apart from treatment with 5 to 7.5 mg prednisolone alternately because of rheumatoid arthritis. Best corrected visual acuity was 1/15 OD and 0.1 OS. A relative afferent pupillary defect on the right eye was present. Optic disc oedema with multiple hemorrhages of the retina extending into the peripheral funds, slightly attenuated retinal arteries and macular oedema were seen fundoscopically in both eyes. THERAPY AND CLINICAL OUTCOME: After immediate treatment with steroids (initial dose 250 mg prednisolone per day) visual acuity improved. Because of a clinically suspected and serologically proven active varicella-zoster infection an additional virostatic therapy with valaciclovir was started and steroids were lowered gradually. Within 2 months, visual acuity increased to 0.8 OD and 1.0 OS. Oedema of optic discs and macula resolved and retinal hemorrhages disappeared. CONCLUSION: A severe hemorrhagic neuro-retinitis involving the optic discs was seen in the course of a varicella-zoster infection, possibly reactivated by chronic steroid therapy of a rheumatoid arthritis. Because of the normalization of visual function an ischemic pathogenesis is unlikely. An autoimmune inflammatory reaction seems to be the predominant mechanism, supported by the good effect of steroid and valaciclovir therapy.

Acyclovir↗
PubMed1998

Retinal manifestations of idiopathic myelofibrosis, a hematologic disorder.

BACKGROUND: Idiopathic myelofibrosis (IMF) is a bone marrow and hematologic disorder. Retinal and systemic manifestations are observed and result from inefficient blood cell production and blood cell irregularities. CASE REPORT: A review of IMF as a disease process is presented by way of case report. A 70-year-old woman came to us with specific systemic symptoms. Further ocular investigation revealed bilateral retinal hemorrhages. The hemorrhages were consistent with the results of subsequently ordered blood tests. An understanding of the underlying systemic condition and recognition of the retinal manifestations of IMF aid in the diagnosis. Recognizing differential diagnoses is important as well because IMF produces retinal findings similar to other blood disorders with comparable blood counts and morphologies. There are certain systemic signs the optometrist may look for to assist in the recognition of IMF as opposed to the other diseases. CONCLUSION: This is an important disease process to recognize, since the systemic and retinal manifestations are within optometry's scope to co-manage.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Effects of laser wavelengths on experimental retinal detachments and retinal vessels.

We studied the effects of the yellow (577 nm), orange (595 nm) and red (630 nm) dye lasers, the argon blue-green (488, 514.5 nm) and green (514.5 nm) lasers, and the krypton red (647 nm) laser on experimentally produced serous and hemorrhagic retinal detachments and on retinal vessels in rabbits. Retinal detachments were created by either injecting balanced saline solution or partially hemolyzed blood under the retina. All laser wavelengths except the argon blue-green bypassed the sensory retina and produced no damage on either the sensory retina or the underlying retinal pigment epithelium with serous retinal detachment. Each laser wavelength, however, produced a specific effect on the detached retina with hemorrhagic fluid. Blue-green, green, yellow and orange wavelengths damaged the sensory retina more severely than the red wavelengths. Laser coagulation of the retinal vessels with the blue-green, green and orange wavelengths produced vasospasms.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Vitreous surgery simulator.

OBJECTIVE: To reduce the surgical risks to patients and expose surgeons to surgical experience and complications, we have developed a practical system of vitreous surgery using virtual-reality technology. METHODS: The system is composed of high-resolution color stereo binoculars, haptic devices, foot switches, and a high-speed graphics computer. To simulate vitreous surgery, we created several virtual patient eyes with retinal diseases such as preretinal membranes and subretinal neovascular tissue at the fovea. RESULTS: The simulator provided the trainees with an operating environment similar to an actual one, and allowed them to learn to maneuver surgical instruments and remove proliferative tissue on the retina, under the retina, or both. This system allowed surgeons to avoid iatrogenic complications through visual signs such as retinal hemorrhage when the instrument contacted the retinal surface. CONCLUSIONS: This simulator may not only be suitable for residents to learn ocular surgical techniques but may also allow veteran surgeons to develop new surgical methods and skills.

Computer Simulation↗
PubMed2004

Melanocytoma of optic disc in 115 cases: the 2004 Samuel Johnson Memorial Lecture, part 1.

PURPOSE: To report clinical variations and the natural course of melanocytoma of the optic disc. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted on a consecutive series of patients with melanocytoma of the optic disc who were evaluated at the Ocular Oncology Service at Wills Eye Hospital. Demographic information and variations in appearance and size of the tumor and local ocular complications were noted. Frequency of tumor growth and malignant transformation was recorded. Clinical factors, including patient data and tumor features, were analyzed for their impact on visual acuity loss of 2 or more Snellen lines and the tumor growth, using Cox proportional hazards regression models. Kaplan-Meier survival estimates of probability of visual acuity loss of 2 or more Snellen lines and probability of tumor growth were performed as a function of time from the initial examination. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Visual acuity loss of 2 or more Snellen lines, tumor growth, and malignant transformation of the tumor. RESULTS: There were 115 patients (116 eyes) with melanocytoma of the optic disc. The mean age at diagnosis was 50 years; 38% of patients were male and 62% of patients were female; 65% of patients were white, 29% of patients were African American, and 6% of patients were Asian, Hispanic, Indian, or Arabic. The lesion was unilateral in 99% of patients. Visual symptoms that seemed to be related to the melanocytoma were present in 24% of patients, and an afferent pupillary defect was noted in 9% of patients. Associated ocular abnormalities included ocular melanocytosis (8%), racial melanosis (7%), optic nerve hypoplasia (2%), and retinitis pigmentosa (1%). The melanocytoma was dark brown to black in 100% of patients. The mean tumor diameter was 2 mm and the mean thickness was 1 mm. Associated findings included a choroidal component (54%), retinal component (30%), optic disc edema (25%), retinal edema (16%), localized subretinal fluid (14%), retinal exudation (12%), retinal hemorrhage (5%), vitreous seeds (4%), and retinal vein obstruction (3%). Fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography typically showed persistent hypofluorescence of the lesion. Using Kaplan-Meier survival curves, related visual loss occurred in 18% of patients by 10 years, and minor tumor enlargement occurred in 11% of patients by 5 years and in 32% of patients by 10 years. Malignant transformation was documented in 2 patients (2%). CONCLUSIONS: Although melanocytoma of the optic disc generally is considered to be a benign, stationary lesion, it can produce several local complications, can cause visual loss, can grow slowly, and, rarely, can undergo malignant transformation into melanoma. Patients with optic disc melanocytoma should undergo periodic ocular examination.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[Retinal hemodynamics in patients with hyperviscosity syndrome].

BACKGROUND: The hyperviscosity syndrome (e.g. plasmacytoma, cryoglobulinaemia and Waldenström's macroglobulinaemia) leads through the polymerisation of macro-molecules to an increased blood viscosity. This may result in microcirculatory disturbances in various organs. In the retina the hyperviscosity produces a pattern of retinal changes including dot and blot hemorrhages, retinal and optic nerve head edema and increased diameters of the veins. In the present study we quantified the retinal hemodynamic in patients with hyperviscosity syndrome. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fifteen patients aged between 35 and 72 years were included in the study. Ten presented with Waldenström's macroglobulinaemia, two with cryoglobulinaemia and three with plasmacytoma. All patients underwent video fluorescein angiographic studies. The arteriovenous passage time (AVP) representing the retinal microcirculation and the arm retina time (ART) were quantified from the angiograms. In addition, hematocrit (Hct) and the plasma viscosity (ETA) were measured. RESULTS: The AVP was significantly prolonged in patients with hyperviscosity syndrome in comparison to healthy volunteers (AVP: 2.6 +/- 1.5 s vs. 1.6 +/- 0.4 s; p < 0.05). The ART showed no significant differences. Plasma viscosity was doubled in the patients as compared with reference values (ETA: 2.54 +/- 2.23 mPas vs. 1.24 +/- 0.08 mPas; p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The simultaneous rising of plasmaviscosity and arteriovenous passage time suggests that the increase of plasmaviscosity causes retinal circulatory disturbance. All this may result in the typical fundus changes in patients with hyperviscosity syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Evolution of morphologic changes after intravitreous injection of gentamicin.

Gentamicin shows retinal toxicity in rabbits, monkeys, and humans, but its mechanism of toxicity is not understood. Pig eyes, which are anatomically similar to human eyes, were examined with ophthalmoscopy, fluorescein angiography, and light and electron microscopy at time points ranging from 3 to 72 hours after intravitreous injection of 3 mg of gentamicin or vehicle to observe the sequence of toxicity-related changes that occur in the retina. The first ophthalmoscopic changes were retinal hemorrhages at 3 hours, followed by retinal whitening and thickening and vascular nonperfusion detected by fluorescein angiography 48 hours after injection. Vacuolization in the nerve fiber layer and perivascular swelling were seen at 6 hours, and subsequently, extended deeper into the retina. Vascular endothelial cells, photoreceptors, and the retinal pigment epithelium appeared to be spared from the toxic effects of gentamicin. At 48 and 72 hours after injection, numerous large and small retinal vessels showed congestion and leukocyte margination. These changes could not be prevented by increasing the pH of gentamicin to 7.2. These data suggest that gentamicin toxicity is not simply a pH-related phenomenon, that the primary targets of gentamicin toxicity are neurons and glia of the inner retina, and that retinal infarction occurs secondarily, possibly due to leukocytic plugging.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[Puncture in retinal detachment surgery].

This survey has been carried out over 186 operations for retinal detachment during which a voluntary or accidental drainage took place in 2/3 of the cases. Its frequency is studied according to the type of the detachment, its age, the duration of the preperatory rest, the number of operations and the surgical technique. The postsurgical evolution of detachments with drainage shows that the vitreous is more frequently clouded, later cleared up, and that there are more choroidal detachments and more retinal hemorrhages. The frequency of the early retinal flattening, the only one which has been studied, is not increased by drainage. It is no use debating the opportunity of drainage because indeed it is often imposed on the surgeon a as a last resort by the type of the detachment. The means for limiting its frequency are reviewed.

Humans↗
PubMed1997

Fundus changes in Behcet's disease.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the fundus findings in Behcet's Disease with emphasis on characteristic small white patches of retinitis. METHODS: Case study, utilizing review of clinical charts and fundus photographic files. RESULTS: Search of the University of California San Francisco ophthalmic photography files revealed 6 patients coded as Behcet's Disease between 1989 and 1996. Examination of the patients and their clinical records indicated that all 6 met the International Diagnostic Criteria for Behcet's Disease. The single most common fundus finding in these cases was the presence of transient, white patches of retinitis often with a small adjacent hemorrhage. Retinal vasculitis and optic neuritis were also seen, but neither with the frequency of the white patches. CONCLUSION: The presence of small patches of retinal whitening is the most characteristic finding in Behcet's Disease. These lesions are different from cotton wool spots, and their recognition can aid in the diagnosis of Behcet's Disease and of episodes of reactivation.

Adult↗
PubMed2007

Retinal vasculitis and vitreous hemorrhage associated with mixed connective tissue disease: retinal vasculitis in MCTD.

BACKGROUND: Retinal vasculitis associated with mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) has rarely been reported in the literature. We describe a rare case of a patient with serious retinal vasculopathy and vitreous hemorrhages associated with MCTD. CASE: A 53-year-old woman with MCTD who has had recurrent retinal vasculitis and vitreous hemorrhage in the right eye since 2000 presented with blurred vision in the right eye in April 2003. The best-corrected visual acuity was counting finger in the right eye. The patient was clinically diagnosed as having retinal and vitreous hemorrhages and retinal infarction. Prednisolone was administered orally in a daily dose of 20 mg. RESULTS: The retinal and vitreous hemorrhage improved in 7 days. The best-corrected visual acuity improved to more than 20/20 on prednisolone alone. CONCLUSION: MCTD can be associated with retinal vasculitis and vitreous hemorrhage which in our case responded well to systematic low doses of corticosteroid therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Postmortem monocular indirect ophthalmoscopy.

Postmortem monocular indirect ophthalmoscopy permits examination of the posterior fundus and peripheral retina even if there is less than perfect anterior segment media such as postmortem corneal clouding. Light directed through the decedent's pupil from a bright focal light source illuminates the fundus and reflected light from the retina is then projected out of the eye. An aspheric condensing lens positioned in front of the eye focuses the retinal image at the focal plane of the lens. The real inverted, laterally reversed image comprises a wide field of view permitting evaluation of the decedent's fundus for retinal hemorrhages and other lesions.

Forensic Pathology↗
PubMed2001

Intravitreal VEGF and bFGF produce florid retinal neovascularization and hemorrhage in the rabbit.

PURPOSE: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) causes widespread retinal vascular dilation, produces breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier, and is implicated in ocular neovascularization (NV). Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) also has been implicated in the production of ocular NV. This study was performed to investigate the ability of simultaneous sustained intravitreal release of both VEGF and bFGF to induce robust retinal NV in the rabbit. METHODS: Intravitreal implantation of sustained-release Hydron polymeric pellets containing both 20 microg of VEGF and 20 microg of bFGF was performed on adult male Dutch belted rabbits. In other animals either 20 microg or 50 microg bFGF-containing pellets was implanted intravitreally; also, either 20 microg VEGF or 50 microg VEGF-containing pellets was implanted. Control rabbits received either blank polymeric pellets or a pellet containing 30 microg bovine serum albumin. Eyes were examined by indirect ophthalmoscopy after surgery at 24 hrs, 48 hrs, 4 days, 7 days, 14 days, 21 days, and 28 days. Findings were documented by color fundus photography and fluorescein angiography (FA). Eyes were enucleated and prepared for histologic analysis at 28 days following intravitreal implantation of the VEGF/bFGF-containing pellets. RESULTS: In all eyes implanted with VEGF/bFGF pellets, dilation and tortuosity of existing blood vessels were observed within 48 hrs after pellet implantation. The progression of retinal vascular changes was rapid and occurred over the entire optic disk and medullary rays between 4 and 7 days. Hemorrhage occurred as early as 14 days after VEGF/bFGF pellet implantation. In eyes with massive hemorrhage, total traction retinal detachment developed after the second week. The presence of abnormal tissues at the vitreo-retinal interface within 28 days was demonstrated by light microscopy while FA showed profuse leakage of dye from anomalous vessels within the first week. Neither bFGF-exposed eyes nor control eyes showed any vascular changes. Eyes that received only VEGF-containing pellets exhibited tortuosity of existing vessels, but neither hemorrhaging nor retinal detachment occurred. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that retinal vascular changes leading to hemorrhaging is produced rapidly in the rabbit by simultaneous intravitreal release of both VEGF and bFGF. Understanding how these growth factors induce retinal NV may suggest novel therapeutic treatment strategies.

Animals↗