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At least 649 records · Page 36Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Reusable instruments are more cost-effective than disposable instruments for laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Health care costs are rising rapidly, and surgeons can play a role in limiting costs of operations. Of the 600,000 cholecystectomies performed each year in the United States, approximately 80% are performed with laparoscopic technique. The purpose of this study was to compare the costs of reusable vs disposable instruments used during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The costs to the hospital of reusable and disposable instruments were obtained. Instruments studied were the Veress needle, trocars and sleeves (two 10 mm and two 5 mm), reducers, clip appliers, and clips. In addition, the costs of sterilization and sharpening for reusable instruments were calculated. The cost of reusable instruments was based on an assumed instrument life of 100 cases. Data from three private hospitals and a Canadian university hospital were collected and examined. Data from the four hospitals revealed that the costs of reusable instruments per case were $46.92-$50.67. The comparable costs for disposable instruments were $330.00-$460.00 per case. Theoretical advantages of disposable instruments such as safety, sterility, and better efficiency are not borne out in literature review. In addition, the environmental impact of increased refuse from disposable instruments could not be exactly defined. With the consideration of significant cost savings and the absence of data demonstrating disadvantages of their use, reusable instruments for laparoscopic cholecystectomy, are strongly recommended.

Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic↗
PubMed2002

Stabilization/solidification (S/S) of mercury-containing wastes using reactivated carbon and Portland cement.

Stabilization/solidification (S/S) of mercury-containing solid wastes using activated carbon and cement was investigated in this study. The activated carbon used in the study was a powder reactivated carbon (PAC). The effect of sulfur-treatment of the PAC was also studied. It was found that PAC was effective in stabilizing Hg in the waste surrogate. Pretreatment of the PAC by soaking it in CS(2) significantly improved the mercury adsorption capacity of the PAC. The adsorption equilibrium was reached within 24h. The optimum pH for the reaction was within the range of 5.0-5.5. After mercury stabilization by adsorption on the reactivated carbon, the Hg waste surrogate was mixed with Portland cement for solidification. Surrogates with up to 1000 mg/kg Hg were stabilized and solidified well enough to pass the TCLP test. The adsorption of mercury by reactivated carbon was in accordance with the Freundlich isotherm. Cement solidification of reactivated carbon-stabilized surrogates, significantly reduced the often-reported interference by chloride ions, by forming a barrier outside of the carbon particles. The S/S process using reactivated carbon and cement is an effective and economical technology for treating and disposing mercury-containing solid wastes.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1993

Tyre disposal--a burning environmental issue ?

Used road vehicle tyres are one of the less publicized environmental impacts of traffic. However, there is increasing concern about the proliferation of fly tipping and large potentially combustible tyre dumps, and a lack of policy for disposing of used tyres in the United Kingdom. Some worn tyres are retreaded, but most are either landfilled, stockpiled, incinerated or converted to crumb. This paper reviews the major tyre disposal methods used with particular reference to environmental implications and health effects. Suggestions are made concerning the future of UK disposal policy and for further monitoring to assess potential environmental problems.

Automobiles↗
PubMed2006

New directions in managing hazardous wastes from an industry perspective.

In past decades waste was left to the lowest level of staff to dispose of at the lowest cost. Today, business managers in leading companies consider waste to be part of their responsibility. There is money to be made by eliminating waste problems. Leading companies are moving to the top of the waste disposal hierarchy and eliminating waste for themselves and their customers.

Hazardous Waste↗