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At least 649 records · Page 36Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

[Evaluation of the presence of warfarin-resistant rats in the city of Reggio Calabria].

The aim of this work was to examine the possible presence, in the city of Reggio Calabria, of rats resistant to anticoagulant rodenticides. To carry out such an investigation trappings were effected in four sectors of the city characterized by different urban structures. The data collected were utilized, in a first phase, to obtain evaluation indexes of the state of rat infestation which turned out to be quite worrying. Applying the W.H.O. methods it resulted that 8,6% of the captured rats, all belonging to the species Rattus norvegicus, is resistant to anticoagulants. Keeping in mind the sites where these specimens were captured, this resistance phenomenon seems to be present in all the urban territory.

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PubMedDate not supplied

[Preliminary report on the demonstration of resistance to coumafene in Rattus rattus in Marseilles].

An abnormal proliferation of Rattus rattus in an important food-products warehouse in Marseille's periportuary zone has been recorded in spite of preventative measures put in place and aimed at testing these rodents resistance to basic anticoagulants, especially to coumafene. The laboratory experiments on animals taken from the invaded area have enabled us to prove for the first time on metropolitan ground a Rattus rattus resistance to coumafene. The colony of rodents responsible is giving proof of its resistance in already large proportions, since the survival beyond 10 days of treatment is established in 74% of the tested subjects, whereas 30% of them survive treatments prolonged by 4 to 10 weeks. The recorded results allow us to confirm the variable degrees of the state of resistance which appear to be developed locally, the origin of which cannot be defined. Taking into account the size of the affected zone and the numerous food-products storage establishments found there and usually infected with Rattus rattus, one is forced to fear a rapid progress of the territorial resistance. It is therefore opportune to take the necessary measures to destroy the resistant colony on the spot, to follow the ultimate progress in the area and to follow up in the laboratory the methods of evaluation of the efficiency of new rodenticides.

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PubMedDate not supplied

[Supplementary report on the study of resistance to coumafene in Rattus ratus observed at Marseilles].

A resistance to coumafene has previously been observed among Rattus rattus in a foodstuffs warehouse in the port of Marseille. New tests are here reported. They concern rats captured in two warehouses situated at a distance of 1,000 m. from one another, and separated by a distance approximately similar to that of the first warehouse explored. The experiments which were carried out, although limited in number, have clearly shown a resistance to coumafene administered in high doses in a rat of the first group and in three rats of the second group. There is every reason to fear a resistance extended to all the territories where Rattus rattus are found in the harbour and in the neighbouring regions.

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PubMedDate not supplied

[How dangerous are "mouse trap projectile traps"?].

The authors research by experiments to define the potency of wounding of a special mouse trap which belongs to the spring-guns. Besides the regular assigned 9 mm blank cartridge also the 9 x 17 mm "green" cattle stunning cartridge is tested. Shots were made on soap, cotton and skin on different conditions. As result the authors found that by close range shots (up to 1 cm) by the blank cartridge badly healing wounds are caused. The 600 Joule cattle stunning cartridge is able to mutilate the hand by contact shots.

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PubMedDate not supplied

[Hepatocystis of Malaysia. I.--Redescription of Hepatocystis malayensis Field and Edeson, 1950 (author's transl)].

Malaysian Sciuridae are often parasitised by 2 species of Hepatocystis which were described as a single species Hepatocystis vassali malayensis by Field and Edeson, (1950). One of them corresponds to the majority of forms seen by Field and Edeson; it is redescribed herein and raised to specific status: H. v. malayensis becomes H. malayensis Field and Edeson, 1950. By the morphological characteristics of its gametocytes and schizonts, H. malayensis is related to H. kochi. The evolution of tissue schizonts studied at liver biopsies and autopsies of squirrels captured shortly before examination is of a peculiar type: an immunological tissue reaction appears with the hyperinfestation of the Rodents and controls the growth of the schizonts.

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PubMed1998

Surveillance of leptospiral carriage by feral rats in Barbados.

Rodents, particularly rats, are widely held to be the source of most human cases of leptospirosis. Feral rats were trapped at sites throughout Barbados during two six month surveys: from October to March 1986/87 and from October to March 1994/95. During the first survey, 63 rats were trapped, of which 26 (41%) were identified as Rattus rattus and 37 (59%) as Rattus norvegicus. In the second study, 100 rats were trapped, of which R. rattus comprised 24% (24) and R. norvegicus 76% (76). Cultures of blood, urine and kidney were made in EMJH medium. Leptospires were isolated from 12/63 (19%) and from 16/100 (16%) of the rats during 1986/87 and 1994/95, respectively; 27/28 isolates were recovered from the kidneys or urine or both, while only one isolate was recovered from the blood. During the first study, isolates were identified as serovars copenhageni (11) and arborea (1), while in the second study, serovars copenhageni (9), arborea (5) and bim (1) were identified; one isolate was lost before it could be identified. In the first study, antibodies were detected by microscopic agglutination at a titre of > or = 100 in 26/62 (42%) of rats tested, while in the second survey, 5/100 (5%) of rats had similar titres. In two surveys, conducted eight years apart, we confirmed that rats in Barbados are commonly infected with leptospires, and that viable organisms are found in the kidneys and urine, evidence of chronic infection and thus excretion of leptospires in rodent urine. Moreover, the predominant serovar isolated was copenhageni, of which Rattus spp. are the worldwide reservoir. There was little evidence that rats act as a reservoir for the serovar bim, the most common cause of human leptospirosis in Barbados.

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PubMedDate not supplied

[Survival of Isachenko salmonellae in food products].

The survival of Salmonella isachenkii, used for destruction of noxious mouselike murines and applied to the meat (raw and cooked), milk and baked products, was studied. The Salmonellae isachenkii are shown capable of remaining viable on food products, viz. in milk--up to 5 days, on meat products--over 20 days (time of observation) and on bread - up to 3 days. These data should not be disregarded in working out sanitary-epidemiological measures for handling biological preparation prepared on the basis of the Isachenko bacteria, since long survival of the bacteria on the food products favours their environmental spread and with a massive contamination of food products with these bacteria such products may become a source of infection among humans.

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PubMed2003

Oligofructose does not affect the development of type 1 diabetes mellitus induced by dietary proteins in the diabetes-prone BB rat model.

BACKGROUND: Prevention of Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), a major childhood chronic disease with rapidly increasing incidence, is an urgent topic of research. We investigated whether 5% oligofructose (OF) as compared to 5% cellulose had a protective effect against diet-induced T1DM in the diabetes-prone BioBreeding (BB) rat model. METHODS: Groups of BB rats were fed the experimental diets from weaning. The diets were a cereal-based rodent diet (diabetogenic, positive control) and semi-synthetic rodent diets containing hydrolysed casein (non-diabetogenic, negative control), soy or whey as the sole protein source and 5% cellulose as fibre source. In additional groups fed soy and whey protein, the fibre source was 5% OF. T1DM incidence up to the age of 160 days was recorded applying biochemical and morphological criteria. Physiological effects of fibre were assessed through the analysis of biochemical parameters in plasma and of the protein/DNA ratio in intestinal mucosa. RESULTS: T1DM incidence was diet-dependent. Cereal-, soy- and whey-based diets were significantly more diabetogenic than the hydrolysed casein-based diet. Five per cent OF did not affect the incidence of T1DM induced by either soy or whey proteins as compared to cellulose, nor induce any of the biological effects attributed to a fermentable fibre. CONCLUSIONS: In the BB rat model, 5% OF in the diet did not have any protective effects against diet-induced T1DM. The present data do not suggest dietary OF as a promising approach for the dietary prevention of T1DM.

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