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PubMed2007

An automated tracking system to measure the dynamic properties of vesicles in living cells.

Recent technological improvements have made it possible to examine the dynamics of individual vesicles at a very high temporal and spatial resolution. Quantification of the dynamic properties of secretory vesicles is labor-intensive and therefore it is crucial to develop software to automate the process of analyzing vesicle dynamics. Dual-threshold and binary image conversion were applied to enhance images and define the areas of objects of interest that were to be tracked. The movements, changes in fluorescence intensity, and changes in the area of each tracked object were measured using a new software system named the Protein Tracking system (PTrack). Simulations revealed that the system accurately recognized tracked objects and measured their dynamic properties. Comparison of the results from tracking real time-lapsed images manually with those automatically obtained using PTrack revealed similar patterns for changes in fluorescence intensity and a high accuracy (<89%). According to tracking results, PTrack can distinguish different vesicular organelles that are similar in shape, based on their unique dynamic properties. In conclusion, the novel tracking system, PTrack, should facilitate automated quantification of the dynamic properties of vesicles that are important when classifying vesicular protein locations.

Animals↗

PubMed1988

A reflection scanning acoustic microscope for bone and bone-biomaterials interface studies.

A relatively simple scanning acoustic microscope (SAM) that operates in the reflection mode has been constructed. The system uses a 20 MHz spherically focused transducer, acting both as transmitter and as detector, to obtain acoustic impedance information on a thin surface layer at a maximum resolution of approximately 100 micron. The specimen is mounted on an X-Y driving system (precision, 5 micron) under computer control in order to scan a grid of 256 x 256 points across areas ranging from 6.5 to 1300 mm2. An algorithm is used to reference the data against standards; specially developed software provides for pseudo-color mapping, three-dimensional images, zooming to 16 x magnification, contouring, and single line profiles of the data. The system has been used to determine inhomogeneities in surface acoustic properties of mineralized tissues and implant materials, in many cases as a complement to using ultrasonic wave propagation techniques to measure the bulk anisotropic properties.

Adult↗

PubMed1976

Computerized automated system for determining dissolution rate profiles for solid dosage forms.

A unique automated system was developed for the measurement of dissolution rates of tablets and capsules. This system, which adheres to principles set forth in the compendia, can test six dosage forms simultaneously. It is modular in form and capable of maintaining sink conditions, and it can handle any type of chemistry amenable to an automatic analyzer. In addition to the usual dissolution apparatus, the system includes a 12-channel combination sampling and solvent addition pump, a sequence control module, pertinent automated analyzer components, a spectrophotometer or fluorometer, an optional recorder, a specially designed digitizing system, and a teletype equipped with a paper tape punch reader and acoustic coupler. Each dissolution flask is automatically sampled every 6 min. Standards may be run either before or after the samples. Since dissolution, sampling, chemistry, and readout are all accomplished simultaneously, the complete test time is essentially reduced to the dissolution time itself. At the completion of sample dissolution, raw dissolution profile data are on the punched paper tape ready for computer processing via a time-sharing system. Developed software provides for the printout of a complete test report in less than 15 min.

Capsules↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Crystallographic orientation assessment by electron backscattered diffraction.

With an angular orientation accuracy of at least 1 , the ability of electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) to determine and emphasise crystallographic orientation is illustrated. Using the abilities of specially developed software for computing Euler angles derived from the scanned specimen, misorientations are pointed out with acceptable flexibility and graphic output through crystallographic orientation maps or pole figures. This ability is displayed in the particular case of laser cladding of nickel-based superalloy, a process that combines the advantages of a near net-shape manufacturing and a close control of the solidification microstructure (E-LMF: epitaxial laser metal forming).

Algorithms↗

PubMed2005

Summarizing data through a piecewise linear growth curve model.

Most of the research in clinical trials is based on longitudinal designs, which involve repeated measurements of a variable of interest. Such designs are very powerful, both statistically and scientifically. Recent advances in statistical theory and software development incorporate the covariance structures such as unstructured, compound symmetry, auto-regressive and random effects, etc., for analysing longitudinal data. Hathaway et al. propose a technique for summarizing longitudinal data using linear growth curve model and establish that the number of summary statistics is fixed as four irrespective of the length of study. In this paper, we develop a procedure for analysing the longitudinal data through a piecewise linear growth curve model on the lines of Hathaway et al. Under different covariance structures, the linear model is fitted for Leprosy data and the residual sum of squares computed. Goodness of fit has also been considered for various models. In order to prove that the proposed method is robust and better than the others in terms of goodness of fit, simulation studies are carried out and the results presented.

Biometry↗

PubMed2001

High-Resolution Spectroscopy and Analysis of the nu(4) Bending Region of SF(6) near 615 cm(-1).

The high-resolution Fourier transform spectrum of the nu(4) bending region of SF(6) near 615 cm(-1) has been recorded at 213 K. We were able to perform a simultaneous analysis of the nu(4) and nu(4) + nu(6) - nu(6) bands of the main isotopomer, namely (32)SF(6). This is the first detailed analysis of a hot band for this molecule. The nu(4) band of (34)SF(6) was also analyzed and the Q branch of the nu(4) band of (33)SF(6) was identified. In both cases we used the HTDS software developed in Dijon. Copyright 2001 Academic Press.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2001

High-Resolution Spectroscopy and Analysis of the nu(3) and nu(4) Fundamentals of Monoisotopic (70)GeF(4).

The first high-resolution study on germanium tetrafluoride is reported. We used a monoisotopic sample of (70)GeF(4). The FTIR spectra of the two infrared active fundamentals, namely the nu(4) (bending) and nu(3) (stretching) modes, were recorded at a temperature of ca. 210 K and a resolution (1/maximum optical path difference) of 0.0031 and 0.0023 cm(-1), respectively. These spectra were analyzed using the STDS software developed in Dijon. In both cases, we obtained a fit with a root mean square better than 1x10(-3) cm(-1). Both bands show very regular structures with no detectable perturbation. Copyright 2001 Academic Press.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2002

Template-based method for multiple volumes of interest of human brain PET images.

Specific region-based analysis for the quantification of brain imaging is very time-consuming work and subject to errors in both accuracy and reproducibility. In this study, we assessed a two-step template-based method for defining volumes of interest (VOIs). The first step was the spatial transformation of the VOI template from a model MRI to an individual MRI with SPM99. The second step was to refine the transformed VOI to the individual gray matter of MRI using the intensity characteristics of this image with our developed software running on a PC type of computer. The reliability of the values of the final refined VOIs was investigated by comparing them to those of manually drawn VOIs. The template-based method was found to be both accurate and robust and can be used as a reliable alternative for the manual determination of VOIs.

Amygdala↗

PubMed1995

Static fundus perimetry using the scanning laser ophthalmoscope with an automated threshold strategy.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to develop software that allows the performance of routine static threshold perimetry using the scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLO) and the comparison of the results with conventional computerized cupola perimetry. The original software does not allow performance of static threshold perimetry within a reasonable examination time. METHODS: Static perimetry was performed in random order on 50 healthy eyes using our SLO staircase threshold perimetry technique and the Octopus 500 (program 38). We compared the relative sensitivities for each of 25 corresponding visual field locations. RESULTS: Mean sensitivity in the SLO perimetry amounted to 32.7 dB (range 25-37 dB) while it was 28.7 dB in the Octopus. For all test locations the SLO showed higher dB values on average. The mean difference between both methods was 3.7 +/- 0.8 dB (range 1.4-5.8 dB) when the test locations at the blind spot were excluded (linear regression between the two methods: r = 0.843, P < 0.0001). The mean time interval between two stimulus presentations was 2.5 s with the SLO perimetry. CONCLUSION: With the Heidelberg software, automated static threshold perimetry using the SLO is possible within reasonably short examination times. The mean time interval between two test point presentations is about one tenth of that necessary using the original Rodenstock software. There is a systematic difference between SLO and Octopus fields of about 4 dB which was not very much influenced by the stimulus locations.

Adult↗

PubMed1987

Digitizing and signal averaging of left ventricular pressure signals using a dedicated radionuclide imaging system.

A method for obtaining left ventricular (LV) volume curves, synchronized with average LV pressure (LVP) curves for calculation of LV contractility, is described. Multiple gated blood pool imaging was performed to calculate average LV volume curves. Simultaneously with this acquisition, LVPs and aortic pressures were measured by indwelling catheters and recorded on an FM tape recorder. These signals were fed to the computer as image information and averaged and processed by the software developed for this purpose. Pressure resolution of the calibrated images was 4 mmHg/pixel when provision was made for a maximum pressure of 200 mmHg. A good correlation (r = 0.99) was obtained between the calculated peak LVPs and mean peak LVPs read from the chart recorder. The regression equation was: digitized peak LVP = 1.04 x chart recording--5.11 mmHg and the standard error of the estimate was 2.9 mmHg. Similar results were obtained with the aortic pressure (AP) measurements (digitized AP = 0.94 x chart recording + 6.37 mmHg, the standard error of the estimate was 3.8 mmHg). The digitized data also allowed the construction of pressure-volume loops for interpretation of ventricular contractility.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

Semi-automatic quantitation of dense markers in cytochemistry.

The quantitation of electron dense labelling is very tedious when it is done "by hand". Accordingly we developed software allowing, at electron microscopic level, a semi-automatic counting of dense markers in biological specimens. It includes the digitization of images and extraction of dense particles from the grey level of the background. The definition of the areas of interest was carried out by the observer but all quantitative calculations were done automatically. This method was applied to different biological materials (phospholipid and lysozyme labelling in secretory granules of human submucosal bronchial gland cells). The results obtained by this semi-automatic procedure were in good agreement with those obtained by manual counting of colloidal gold labelling (r = 0.97).

Automation↗

PubMed1981

Octopus programs SAPRO and F. Two new principles for the analysis of the visual field.

The automatic Octopus perimeter has a large software development potential. An important property of the Octopus programs developed to date is their ability to distinguish between pathological and normal behaviour. At the moment, program development is concentrating upon programs in which criteria of normality are used as feed-back parameters during the examination itself, and thus guide the visual field analysis. This property permits the algorithm to undertake a precise spatial analysis of disturbed visual field areas, without wasting time on a detailed analysis of normal areas. The efficiency of a visual field examination program is thereby substantially increased (SAPRO* program). Using the F-program series, individual (as opposed to fixed) stimuli configurations can be realised, which may represent a better fit to a particular problem. The principles of two other programs, SARGON and DELTA, have been described before (Fankhauser and Jenni 1981).

Computers↗

PubMed1996

Registration and display of brain SPECT and MRI using external markers.

Accurate anatomical localisation of abnormalities observed in brain perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is difficult, but can be improved by correlating data from SPECT and other tomographic imaging modalities. For this purpose we have developed software to register, analyse and display 99mTc-hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime SPECT and 1.0 T MRI of the brain. For registration of SPECT and MRI data external skin markers containing 99mTc (220 kBq) in 50 microliters of coconut butter were used. The software is coded in the C programming language, and the X Window system and the OSF/Motif standards are used for graphics and definition of the user interface. The registration algorithm follows a noniterative least-squares method using singular value decomposition of a 3 x 3 covariance matrix. After registration, the image slices of both data sets are shown at identical tomographic levels. The registration error in phantom studies was on average 4 mm. In the two-dimensional display mode the orthogonal cross-sections of the data sets are displayed side by side. In the three-dimensional mode MRI data are displayed as a surface-shaded 3 D reconstruction and SPECT data as cut planes. The usefulness of this method is demonstrated in patients with cerebral infarcts, brain tumour, herpes simplex encephalitis and epilepsy.

Brain↗

PubMed1994

Radiotherapy response of cerebral metastases quantified by serial MR imaging.

A patient with cerebral metastases, treated with radiotherapy, underwent serial gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging. The MR images were quantified using home developed software to evaluate the changes in volumes of tumor mass and edema after radiotherapy (mean precision of the quantification technique less than 5%). The decrease in tumor volume and edema observed after radiotherapy preceded clinical improvement. The presented technique can be used to accurately assess, more directly than using clinical scales, the effect of putative therapies.

Brain Edema↗

PubMed1983

The impact of a private group practice of converting to an automated medical information system.

As hardware and software developments make medical information systems increasingly available to physicians office practices and outpatients facilities, there is a need to focus on systems installation and conversion issues. In addition to the detailed step-by-step implementation plan, the overall impact of the new system should be anticipated. The purchasers should consider such issues as new information flow and user communication patterns between patient care and ancillary and support departments; restructuring of fundamental approaches to work allocation for either batch or real-time systems; and new emphasis on any departments vital to problem-spotting and solving. At California Primary Physicians (CPP), an awareness of these changes did not develop until well after the official "live" data had passed and the staff had been successfully using the system for several months. This paper explains how the above issues have emerged and the impact they have had on CPP, and provides a framework for anticipating such matters in any system installation.

California↗

PubMed1994

Postoperative information transfer: a study comparing two university hospitals.

Several studies have addressed the processing of anesthetic information by paper anesthetic data records or by the electronic storage and transfer of anesthetic data. Our purpose was to analyze the oral transfer of information in the postoperative period. We investigated 198 post-operative transfer situations with 120 patients in a U.S. hospital to compare the results with those of a former study in a German hospital. A great number of parameters were used in both hospitals, but there were remarkable differences. In the U.S. hospital numeric values of current vital functions, including oxygen saturation, were more common during information transfer, whereas in the German hospital the emphasis was on case history and chronic health status. The data from the U.S. hospital and those of the German hospital show that in spite of complete anesthetic records, a short (112.3 +/- 104 sec in the U.S. and 94.1 +/- 83.6 sec in Germany) oral information transfer is inevitable when the patient is transferred from the OR to the recovery room, and from the recovery room to the ward (122.7 +/- 61.4 sec in the U.S. and and 88.0 +/- 73.0 in Germany). Software developers of patient data management systems could learn from this study that in some situations it is necessary and possible to create a small set of data which will reflect the patients status quite well.

Anesthesiology↗

PubMed1993

Simultaneous recording of brainstem and cortical acoustic evoked potentials in children: methodical aspects and normative data.

Early and late acoustic evoked responses were simultaneously recorded from 42 children aged 3-17 years by means of a computer-based device using self-developed software. Filling the interstimulus intervals of late acoustic evoked potentials with clicks leads to an increase of latencies and a decrease of amplitudes of N1 and P2 components. Age-dependent normal values for various recording conditions are given.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

Quantitative determination of skin reactivity by two semiautomatic devices for skin prick test area measurements.

For quantitative use of skin prick tests (SPTs), the circumference of the wheal and/or the flare is outlined by a pen, and transferred to a paper by adhesive tape. The biological response is considered proportional to this area. We have previously developed software, the SPT-scanner, for determination of SPT areas (5-500 mm2) by a hand-held scanner and a personal computer. This study is aimed at comparing the SPT-scanner with another semiautomated system, where the outline of the wheal is followed by a digitizer pen. Comparing 2080 SPT areas from a pharmacological study of cetirizine, the two systems correlated well (r = 0.980, p < 0.001), the digitizer generally giving larger areas than the SPT-scanner. Probably, the line is considered as a part of the wheal/flare in the digitizing system, whereas the scanner only detects areas within the circumference. In conclusion, the SPT scanner is objective and reproducible for rapid SPT area determination.

Cetirizine↗