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At least 649 records · Page 36Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Extrinsic whitening effects of sodium hexametaphosphate--a review including a dentifrice with stabilized stannous fluoride.

The number of tooth whitening products available to patients has grown dramatically during recent years. While peroxide is the primary agent found in products that bleach and remove intrinsic sources of discoloration, various ingredients are incorporated in formulations to remove and inhibit extrinsic sources of tooth discoloration, ie, tooth stain. Recently, an advanced antitartar ingredient with extrinsic-stain-inhibiting benefits was introduced: sodium hexametaphosphate. This long-chain condensed phosphate, also known as polypyrophosphate, chemically removes existing stains and provides long-lasting inhibition of new-stain chromogen adsorption. Sodium hexametaphosphate was originally introduced in a sodium fluoride dentifrice formulation and was later marketed in a chewing gum delivery system. Recently, sodium hexametaphosphate was launched in another dentifrice formulation containing stabilized stannous fluoride (Crest Pro-Health). This article reviews published clinical and laboratory data demonstrating sodium hexametaphosphate's extrinsic whitening benefits in all three formulations.

Cariostatic Agents↗
PubMed1987

Treatment of discoloured anterior teeth using a simple veneering technique.

Discoloration of anterior teeth presents the restorative dentist with a complex aesthetic problem. Various methods are available for the management of discoloured anterior teeth. A simple one visit veneering technique using new improved composite resin materials and opaquing agents is described. Even though the technique provides interim treatment only, it has its advantages and definite clinical applications. The aesthetic result obtained is dramatic as the various shades available allow mixing and characterisation and even patient approval before polymerizing using a light curing system. The development of opaquing agents has allowed even the most severely discoloured anterior teeth to be adequately masked so that the underlying discoloration will not show through the translucent composite resin veneers.

Dental Veneers↗
PubMed1997

Clinical study of dens evaginatus cases with pulpal involvement.

The objective of the present study was to investigate the incidence, clinical findings, diagnosis and treatment of evaginated teeth with pulpal involvement. Five hundred and three cases requiring endodontically treated premolars were studied at Kaohsiung Medical College Hospital. We observed 23 (4.6%) evaginated teeth with pulpal involvement out of the 503 samples studied here. Of the 23 teeth, mandibular second premolars comprise the largest portion. Clinically, all tubercles of pulpally involved evaginated teeth had been worn down by attrition and all these teeth showed negative response in vitality tests. The study indicated that 17 cases had sinus tracts, 1 tooth had discoloration in crown portion, 1 case had facial asymmetry and 6 teeth had a painful history. Radiographs confirmed that 21 cases had apical or lateral rarefaction, 1 tooth had thickened periodontal ligament and 8 teeth had incomplete root formation. Clinical diagnosis included pulp necrosis (23 cases), acute apical periodontitis (3 cases), chronic apical periodontitis (4 cases), suppurative apical periodontitis (17 cases)and Garrer' osteomyelitis (1 case). After the treatment, 13 teeth showed satisfactory results. The treatment on 2 teeth was failed, 1 tooth had root fracture and 7 teeth had loss of follow-up. We conclude that the evaginated teeth can hence be preserved even if they are pulplly infected and have an incomplete root apex.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Chemical plaque control and extrinsic discoloration of teeth.

Extrinsic discoloration of teeth is an unwanted side-effect in connection with the use of the chemical plaque-preventive agent chlorhexidine. Individual differences in discoloration tendency have, however, been observed. In order to study the nature of these extrinsic discolorations a selection of 3 typical "stainers" and 3 "non-stainers" was made based on the individual tendency to develop extrinsic discolorations of teeth after a ten days rinsing with 0.2% chlorhexidine twice a day. The individual discoloration tendency was maintained through various plaque-preventive regimens. Interference with the retention of chlorhexidine by a cation demonstrated a close correlation between antiplaque activity and the discoloration tendency. A commercial oxidizing agent based on peroxy monosulfate showed the most promising properties in reducing this extrinsic discoloration without interfering with plaque-prevention.

Bacteria↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparative fluorescence spectroscopy shows differences in noncavitated enamel lesions.

The aim of this study was to compare emission spectra from noncavitated enamel caries with different degrees of discoloration under a wide range of excitation wavelengths. Freshly extracted human molars with white spot, light discolored and dark discolored brown spot enamel caries were selected (n = 4 each). Rectangular blocks (3.5 x 3.5 mm) were cut from the carious area and a corresponding sound area of the same tooth. Emission spectra were recorded from carious and the corresponding sound areas using a fluorescence spectrophotometer at excitation wavelengths from 360 nm up to 580 nm in steps of 20 nm. The specimens were submerged in water during measurement. The spectra were corrected and normalized to peak intensity for comparisons between spectra from sound and carious areas of each tooth. Excitation spectra were recorded for selected emission wavelengths that showed maximum intensity. Emission spectra of all types of carious lesions were shifted towards longer wavelengths (red shift) when compared to the spectra of the corresponding sound enamel. The red shift was highest for dark brown spot lesions and lowest for white spot lesions (p <or= 0.001). Distinct fluorescence bands within 600-700 nm typical for porphyrin compounds were strongest for excitation wavelengths from 400 to 420 nm and present in most of the lesions investigated.

Dental Caries↗
PubMed1998

Nightguard vital bleaching removes brown discoloration for 7 years: a case report.

Nightguard vital bleaching with 10% carbamide peroxide was used to remove a brown stain from the maxillary central incisor of a 13-year-old-boy. After 7 years, during which there was no touch-up treatment, the discoloration had not returned. This conservative technique should be considered before more invasive procedures for the treatment of discolored vital teeth in young patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

A 6-year recall study of clinically chemically bleached teeth.

Chemical bleaching of discolored teeth gives a 45% rate of success after 6 years. While chemical bleaching will usually give adequate color for sufficient time for the gingival margin to stabilize in a young tooth, chemical bleaching cannot be recommended as a permanent treatment in an adult tooth.

Age Factors↗