SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “TRICHLOROACETIC ACID”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 649 records · Page 36Linked to original sources

PubMed1976

Studies on the metabolic role of myo-inositol. Distribution of radioactive myo-inositol in the male rat.

Radioactive myo-inositol was injected intraperitoneally into nephrectomized rats. The radioactive material present in liver, spleen, brain, heart, diaphragm, seminal vesicle, coagulating gland, prostate, epididymis, vas deferens and testis was shown to consist exclusively of myo-inositol and its derivatives, as shown by paper chromatography of hydrolysates and trichloroacetic acid extracts of these tissues. Radioactive myo-inositol was accumulated rapidly within 1 h by the thyroid, coagulating gland and seminal vesicle. Other tissues, such as the pituitary, prostate gland, liver and spleen, concentrated myo-inositol less actively. The muscle tissues studied (diaphragm and heart) concentrated little inositol, whereas brain, testis, and epididymal fat-pad did not concentrate it at all. The lipid fraction of liver contained most of the radio-labelled myo-inositol. In the other organs most of the radioactivity was found in the aqueous trichloroacetic acid extract, largely as free myo-inositol.

Animals↗

PubMed1980

Stimulation of DNA synthesis any myo-inositol incorporation in mammalian cells.

Phosphatidylinositol (PI) synthesis and its role in controlling the cell cycle has been investigated using fibroblasts and liver cells in culture. PI synthesis as measured by incorporation of [3H]-myo-inositol into trichloroacetic acid precipitable material during 0--60 min after serum or growth factor stimulation of serum-starved cells is increased in primary fetal rat liver cells, rat embryo fibroblasts, and 3T3 mouse cells. In contrast, growth stimulation of 3T3 cells and hepatocytes rendered quiescent in G1 by amino acid starvation is not accompanied by increased incorporation of [3H[-myo-inositol into trichloroacetic acid precipitable material. This suggests that those cells might be arrested at a different point in G1 than cells arrested by serum depletion. Inhibition of PI synthesis by variation of-hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), a steric analog of myo-inositol, during early times (e.g., 0--4 hr) after growth stimulation, reversibly blocks initiation of DNA synthesis in 3T3 cells. The results support the idea that increased PI synthesis in response to growth stimulation in the cell types studied here is a prerequisite for progression through G1 and subsequent entry into S phase.

Animals↗

PubMed2005

Solvolysis procedures for the determination of bound residues of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol in fusarium species infected grain of two winter wheat cultivars preinfected with barley yellow dwarf virus.

A trichloroacetic acid treatment at 140 degrees C for 40 min was successfully established as a suitable solvolysis procedure for the recovery of bound deoxynivalenol or its derivatives in Fusarium-infected plants. Deoxynivalenol itself was not decomposed in the procedure. The derivative 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol was chosen as a model compound for setting free deoxynivalenol in an acid-catalyzed deesterification reaction, developing the method. This is the first report using a trichloroacetic acid solvolysis procedure as a sample incubation step to free bound deoxynivalenol and determine free from bound deoxynivalenol in the sample. Between 13 and 63% of the total deoxynivalenol consisted of nonextractable deoxynivalenol. Deoxynivalenol contents in grain of the susceptible cultivar "Agent" infected with Fusarium spp. were 12-24 times higher when compared to those for the corresponding moderately resistant cultivar "Petrus". The highest deoxynivalenol amounts were determined in grain infected with Fusarium spp. as well as simultaneously infected with BYDV. This solvolysis procedure may be of importance for distinguishing between resistant and susceptible plants and their ability to immobilize (bound) mycotoxins as a plant defense mechanism.

False Negative Reactions↗

PubMed2003

Tissue distribution of trichloroethylene in a case of accidental acute intoxication by inhalation.

This article describes the toxicological findings in a fatality due to an accidental inhalation of trichloroethylene which took place during wall coating of a poorly ventilated well using trichloroethylene. The man was wearing protective clothing and a mouthmask with adsorbent. He was found dead on the floor of the well 5h after descending. Trichloroethylene was added to the mortar to enhance drying. Identification and quantitation of trichloroethylene in the postmortem samples (blood, lung, liver, kidney, stomach content and bile) and identification of its metabolite trichloroacetic acid in urine was performed using static headspace gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detector. The compounds were separated on a CP-SIL 5CB Low Bleed/MS column using n-butanol as internal standard. The method was linear over the specific range investigated, and showed an accuracy of 104% and an intra-day precision of 11%. Trichloroethylene concentrations of 84mg/l in subclavian blood, 40mg/l in femoral blood, 72mg/kg in liver, 12mg/kg in kidney, 78mg/kg in stomach content, 104mg/l in bile and 21mg/kg in lung were found. Trichloroacetic acid was identified in the urine.

Accidents↗

PubMed1997

The effect of chemosurgical peels and dermabrasion on dermal elastic tissue.

Chemosurgical peel is a technique that has been used widely by plastic surgeons and dermatologists to remove fine and deep wrinkles of the skin. However, the reaction of elastic tissue to the cutaneous application of commonly used chemical peeling agents has not been defined. This study comparatively assessed the alteration in dermal histology and mechanical properties of skin following treatment with 25% and 50% trichloroacetic acid, Baker's phenol solution, and dermabrasion. Yucatan minipigs served as the animal model. The skin was analyzed at five intervals over 6 months after treatment using histologic, quantitative, and mechanical analysis (hematoxylin and eosin, elastic tissue, and Sirius red stains, computerized digital morphometry, and a tensiometer). At 6 months we found no change in the quality, structure, or arrangement of elastic fibers in skin treated with a single application of 25% and 50% trichloroacetic acid or dermabrasion when compared with untreated skin. Skin treated with Baker's phenol solution showed a marked morphologic change in the elastic fibers. The fibers within the regenerated zone of dermis were sparse, wispy, and immature at 6 months after treatment. Preliminary tensiometric analysis of phenol-treated skin at 6 months indicated that the skin was stiffer and weaker. This study questions the possibility of long-term change to the skin by the deep penetration of caustic chemicals to remove wrinkles and rejuvenate the skin.

Animals↗

PubMed1998

Cardiac teratogenicity of trichloroethylene metabolites.

OBJECTIVES: The hypothesis of this study was that metabolites of trichloroethylene (TCE), dichloroethylene (DCE) and related compounds were responsible for fetal cardiac teratogenic effects seen when TCE or DCE is consumed by pregnant rats during organogenesis. Identification of teratogenic metabolites would allow more accurate assessment of environmental contaminants and public health risks from contaminated water or possibly municipal water supplies which, when chlorinated, may produce these potentially dangerous chemicals. BACKGROUND: Human epidemiologic studies and previous teratogenic studies using chick embryos and fetal rats have shown an increased incidence of congenital cardiac lesions in animals exposed to TCE and DCE. METHODS: Metabolites and compounds studied in drinking water exposure included: trichloroacetic acid (TCAA), monochloroacetic acid (MCAA), trichloroethanol (TCEth), carboxy methylcystine (CMC), trichloroacetaldehyde (TCAld), dichloroacetaldehyde (DCAld), and dichlorovinyl cystine (DCVC). Compounds were administered to pregnant rats during fetal heart development. RESULTS: Fetuses of rats receiving 2,730 ppm TCAA in drinking water were the only group that demonstrated a significant increase in cardiac defects (10.53%) compared with controls (2.15%) on a per fetus basis (p = 0.0001, Fischer's exact test), and a per litter basis (p = 0.0004, Wilcoxon and p = 0.0015, exact permutation tests). Trichloroacetic acid also demonstrated an increased number of implantation and resorption sites (p < 0.05) over controls. Other maternal and fetal variables showed no statistically significant differences between treated and untreated groups. CONCLUSIONS: Of the metabolites tested, only TCAA appeared to be a specific cardiac teratogen in the fetus when imbibed by the maternal rat.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗

PubMed1983

Fate of radioactive exocrine pancreatic proteins injected into the blood circulation of the rat. Tissue uptake and transepithelial excretion.

[35S]methionine or [35S]methionine-labeled exocrine pancreatic proteins were injected into the bloodstream of conscious rats. Samples of blood, urine, bile, and pancreatic juice were collected at varying intervals through 7 h. Injection of [35S]methionine resulted in the appearance of trichloroacetic acid--soluble radioactivity [( 35S]methionine) in bile and urine within 4 min and trichloroacetic acid-insoluble radioactivity in blood, bile, and pancreatic juice after 20 min. Analysis of these body fluids by two-dimensional isoelectric focusing/sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis and fluorography indicated that rat serum, biliary, and pancreatic proteins were labeled, respectively. After the injection of [35S]methionine-labeled pancreatic proteins, half of the trichloroacetic acid-insoluble radioactivity disappeared from the serum in 10-15 min. Radioactive proteins appeared after 5 min in urine and bile, and, over the course of the experiment, accounted for 1%-2% and 0.3%-0.5% of the injected radioactivity, respectively. Analysis of individual radioactive proteins excreted into bile by two-dimensional isoelectric focusing/sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis indicated preferential transhepatic transport of negatively charged pancreatic proteins. The majority of pancreatic proteins (approximately 97%) were taken up by a variety of body tissues, particularly kidney, liver, spleen, and lung. Trichloroacetic acid-soluble radioactivity, largely representing [35S]methionine, appeared sequentially in serum, urine, and bile within 2-12 min. At later experimental time points (greater than 60-90 min), radioactive rat serum, biliary, and pancreatic proteins appeared in blood, bile, and pancreatic juice, respectively. After the injection of 35S-labeled guinea pig pancreatic proteins into the blood circulation of the rat, trichloroacetic acid-insoluble radioactivity, observed in pancreatic juice after 60-90 min, exclusively represented rat exocrine pancreatic proteins as judged by the two-dimensional gel procedure. These studies indicate that pancreatic proteins are removed from the blood circulation by at least three separate pathways: (a) uptake and degradation by a variety of tissues in the body (approximately 97% of injected radioactivity), (b) excretion of intact proteins into urine (1%-2%), and (c) transport of intact proteins into bile (0.3%-0.5%). Transport of exocrine pancreatic proteins from the blood circulation to pancreatic juice could not be demonstrated.

Animals↗

PubMed1976

Chemical and immunological properties of the type f polysaccharide antigen of Streptococcus mutans.

The type-specific cell wall polysaccharide antigen was extracted, purified, and characterized from type f Streptococcus mutans strain OMZ175 and MT557. The antigen was extracted from lyophilized cells with 5% trichloroacetic acid at 85 C for 15 min or saline at 120 C for 30 min. The trichloroacetic acid antigen was chromatographically separated into three antigenic fractions on a diethylaminoethyl-Sephadex A-25 column. Antigen 1 (Ag1P), which was specific for type f antiserum, was further purified by passing through carboxymethyl-Sephadex C-25 and Sephadex G-200 columns. It was a polysaccharide composed of 49% rhamnose and 47% glucose. No reaction was obtained with anti-polyglycerophosphate (PGP) serum. Antigen 2 was reactive with both type f and PGP antisera and contained significant amounts of protein and phosphorus. Antigen 3 was reactive only with PGP antiserum and had no type specificity. The polysaccharide antigen gave a single precipitin band against type-specific antiserum on immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis. The presence of alpha-1,6-glucosidic linkages was indicated by a 90% inhibition of the precipitin reaction by isomaltose and alpha-methyl-D-glucopyranoside, adsorption to and release from a concanavalin A-Sepharose column, and reaction with an S. mutans (type e) glucan antiserum. This antiserum was used to show that the type f polysaccharide antigen did not contain free glucan. An analysis of the antigen released from the antigen-glucan antiserum complex showed the presence of rhamnose and glucose. This released antigen also reacted with an f antiserum, which did not react with commercial dextran. The results show that the type f polysaccharide antigen is the first of those S. mutans type-specific polysaccharides identified to be immunologically related to an S. mutans glucan.

Antigens, Bacterial↗

PubMed1987

Structure of the Staphylococcus aureus cell wall determined by the freeze-substitution method.

The fine structure of the Staphylococcus aureus cell wall was determined by electron microscopy with the new technique of rapid freezing and substitution fixation. The surface of the cell wall was covered with a fuzzy coat which consisted of fine fibers or an electron-dense mass. Morphological examination of the cell wall, which was treated sequentially with sodium dodecyl sulfate, trypsin, and trichloroacetic acid, revealed that this coat was partially removed by trypsin digestion and was completely removed by trichloroacetic acid extraction but was not affected by sodium dodecyl sulfate treatment, suggesting that the fuzzy coat consists mostly of a complex of teichoic acids and proteins. This was confirmed by the application of the concanavalin A-ferritin technique for teichoic acid and antiferritin immunoglobulin G technique for protein A.

Acetylglucosamine↗

PubMed1965

Extraction of Cell-Wall Polysaccharide Antigen from Streptococci.

Slade, Hutton D. (Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Ill., and Max-Planck Institut für Immunbiologie, Freiburg, Germany). Extraction of cell-wall polysaccharide antigen from streptococci. J. Bacteriol. 90:667-672. 1965.-The carbohydrate grouping antigens in the cell walls of streptococci belonging to groups A, E, G, L, and T were extracted with 5% trichloroacetic acid at 90 C. The antigens were removed also from dry whole cells by extraction with trichloroacetic acid followed by treatment with phenol-water. Details of the methods are presented. The antigens obtained by use of either of these procedures were suitable for studies on immunological specificity and chemical structure. Quantitative enzymatic and chemical analyses of two group E antigens and one group T preparation showed the presence of l-rhamnose (22 to 44%), d-glucose (7 to 22%), d-galactose (T antigen only, 26%), glucosamine (2 to 16%), and galactosamine (T antigen only, 3%). In addition, analyses of A and G antigen preparations are presented. The protein and phosphate content of the A and E antigens were about 1% each. Quantitative precipitin curves of these antigens are presented.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1966

Frequency of occurrence of native hapten among enterobacterial species.

Anacker, R. L. (Rocky Mountain Laboratory, Hamilton, Mont.), W. D. Bickel, W. T. Haskins, K. C. Milner, E. Ribi, and J. A. Rudbach. Frequency of occurrence of native hapten among enterobacterial species. J. Bacteriol. 91:1427-1433. 1966.-Smooth cultures of representative Enterobacteriaceae were screened for the presence of native hapten, a substance previously extracted with trichloroacetic acid from the protoplasmic fraction of one strain each of Escherichia coli O111:B4 and O113. Trichloroacetic acid extracts of protoplasmic fractions of the cells were analyzed for chemical composition, for constituent sugars by paper chromatography, for immunochemical relationship to endotoxin purified by gel filtration, for sedimentation behavior, and for pyrogenicity in rabbits and lethal toxicity in chick embryos. Extracts from two of three additional strains of E. coli O113, all five additional strains of E. coli O111:B4, and one strain each of E. coli O26:B6 and O55:B5 were similar to previously described native hapten in chemical composition, sedimentation properties (S(20,w), 3.7 to 5.2), biological potency (usually less than 0.1% that of corresponding endotoxin), and immunochemical relationship to endotoxin. Extracts of one strain each of E. coli O127:B8, Serratia marcescens, Citrobacter freundii, Salmonella enteritidis, and of two lipopolysaccharide-deficient mutants of S. enteritidis differed from typical native hapten. The biosynthetic relationship of native hapten to endotoxin has not yet been revealed.

Chromatography, Gel↗

PubMed1981

Liquid-chromatographic determination of guanidino compounds in plasma and erythrocyte of normal persons and uremic patients.

We describe a method for determination of guanidino compounds in plasma and erythrocytes. The compounds are separated by liquid chromatography, the concentrations in the effluent being estimated fluorometrically (Trans. Am. Soc. Artif. Intern. Organs 24: 61, 1978). Guanidinoacetic acid, guanidinosuccinic acid, guanidinobutyric acid, guanidine, methylguanidine, taurocyamine, and arginine can be detected and quantitated in both plasma and erythrocytes from healthy individuals. The method was also applied to patients in chronic renal failure. Guanidinosuccinic acid, creatinine, guanidine, and methylguanidine are substantially increased in the plasma and erythrocytes of the uremic patient. Guanidino compounds can be effectively extracted from plasma with 0.5 volume of 300 g/L trichloroacetic acid, from erythrocytes with five volumes of 120 g/L trichloroacetic acid.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗

PubMed1978

Rat alpha 1-acid glycoprotein: uptake by inflammatory and tumour tissues.

The tissue distribution of intravenously administered 125 I-alpha 1-acid glycoprotein and 125I-albumin was studied in rats with inflammatory granuloma or transplanted sarcoma. The marked concentration of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein in extra-vascular spaces of the granuloma or sarcoma tissue was observed, most of which remained in a trichloroacetic-acid-precipitable form throughout the experiments. Albeit less marked, albumin also preferentially accumulated in both pathological tissues and presented essentially the same distribution pattern as alpha 1-acid glycoprotein in intact organs except kidney in both morbid states. The results suggest that serum alpha 1-acid glycoprotein might play an important role in inflammatory or cell proliferative processes in situ. The studies on trichloroacetic acid fractionation also indicate indicat a selective involvement of the kidney in the catabolic processes of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein as compared to that of albumin.

Albumins↗

PubMed1986

The acylphosphate present in chromaffin granule membrane preparations is not associated with the proton-pump.

Chromaffin granule membranes were incubated in the presence of low ATP concentrations, at low temperature. A phosphorylated compound was rapidly formed which was stable in 10% trichloroacetic acid at 0 degree C. The lability of this compound in the presence of hydroxylamine or hot trichloroacetic acid indicated an acylphosphate, i.e., an ATPase phosphointermediate. Vanadate but not N-ethylmaleimide inhibited the formation of this derivative. Since the ATP-dependent generation of a transmembrane potential in chromaffin granule vesicles by the H+-pump was inhibited by N-ethylmaleimide but not by vanadate, the acylphosphate should not be associated with the H+-pump, i.e. ATPase I. We suggest that it is associated with ATPase II, an ATPase of unknown function present in chromaffin granule membrane preparations. This hypothesis is supported by the fact that ATPase II is vanadate sensitive and has a molecular mass of 140 kDa, properties similar to those of the phosphorylated intermediate.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗

PubMed1986

Nucleotide binding by myosin in glycerol-extracted rabbit skeletal muscle fibres at temperatures between -35 degrees C and 10 degrees C.

Glycerol-extracted rabbit psoas fibres were incubated at temperatures between -35 degrees C and +10 degrees C in a low-ionic-strength relaxing solution containing 50% ethyleneglycol, 100 microM [3H]MgATP, 1 mM [14C]mannitol and less than 0.01 microM Ca2+. The fibres were then rinsed in a solution containing 1 mM ATP and the bound nucleotide eluted in trichloroacetic acid; all these operations were carried out at the cold temperature. Residual bound nucleotide was eluted with trichloroacetic acid at room temperature. The fibres were found to bind approximately 180 microM nucleotide, which is consistent with binding to the enzymatic site of myosin. The eluate, obtained in the cold, was analysed on poly(ethyleneimine)-cellulose for its ATP and ADP content. At temperatures down to -22 degrees C most of the bound nucleotide was ADP and there was little variation of this fraction with temperature. As the temperature was lowered below -22 degrees C the ATP fraction rose sharply; by -35 degrees C it predominated. These results are similar in type to those found by Biosca et al. [(1984) Biochemistry 23, 1947-1953] on isolated subfragment 1, but are displaced to a much lower temperature range. Thus in a muscle fibre only a low thermal energy is needed for myosin to hold its nucleotide in a constant balance between ATP and ADP.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗

PubMed1976

Evidence for two immune inhibitors from Bacillus thuringiensis interfering with the humoral defense system of saturniid pupae.

Mutants of Bacillus thuringiensis lacking either beta-exotoxin or gamma-endotoxin were compared for their virulence using pupae of a giant silk moth. Known doses of viable log-phase bacteria were injected, and the response was followed as the number of viable bacteria in the hemolymph. The results obtained imply that, in the system used, neither the beta-exotoxin nor the gamma-endotoxin and the sporeforming ability are of importance for virulence. Results with sterile culture filtrate from B. thuringiensis have given evidence for the production of two inhibitors, A and B, which interfere with the humoral defense system in pupae of Hyalophora cecropia. Inhibitor A, which blocked the lysis of Escherichia coli,was precipitated by trichloroacetic acid and sensitive to heating. Inhibitor B, which blocked the killing of Bacillus cereus, was soluble in trichloroacetic acid and resistant to 90 degrees C for 5 min. Both inhibitors are believed to contribute to the insecticidal nature of B. thuringiensis.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

Proteolytic degradation of HDL1 on the fat cell surface is nutritionally regulated.

The importance of plasma HDL apolipoprotein concentration as a predictor of atherosclerotic risk is well recognized, yet the processes of HDL modification and degradation in various cells are not clearly understood. We examined the characteristics of HDL1 apolipoprotein degradation and cellular uptake by rat adipocytes and determined the effects of fasting on these processes. Epididymal and perirenal adipocytes were isolated from male Wistar rats (310 +/- 4 g) fed ad libidum and incubated with 5 micrograms of rat 125I-labeled HDL1 (d: 1.07-1.10 g/mL) mL-1 for 2 h at 37 degrees C. Cellular uptake of HDL1 was calculated as the trichloroacetic acid precipitable radioactivity associated with adipocytes following incubation. Intracellular and medium degradation of HDL1 were determined as trichloroacetic acid soluble 125I counts associated with cells and measured in the postincubation medium, respectively. Fifty to sixty percent of cellular uptake and degradation of HDL1 was inhibited by the addition of 25-fold excess unlabeled HDL. HDL1 degradation measured in the medium was 10- to 12-fold greater than cellular uptake of HDL1 apolipoproteins. Intracellular degradation of HDL1 was negligible. The presence of EDTA in the incubation medium reduced HDL1 degradation measured in the medium, but enhanced HDL1 cellular uptake. Conditioned medium separated from cells after 2 h of incubation at 37 degrees C in the absence of HDL and subsequently incubated with 125I-labeled HDL1 for an additional 2 h at 37 degrees C, degraded less than 5% of HDL compared with degradation in the presence of cells. These results suggest that rat adipocytes degrade, or modify, HDL1 particles, possibly by interactions with cell surface proteases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adipose Tissue↗

PubMed1985

Delipidization of membrane glycoproteins solubilized in acidified chloroform/methanol. Preparation of N-retinylidene opsin in a water soluble form without-detergent.

Bovine retina membrane proteins and glycoproteins were insoluble in chloroform/methanol (2:1, v/v) unless the membrane suspension was precipitated with trichloroacetic acid and the organic solvent mixture added to the precipitated membranes. The presence of millimolar amount of trichloroacetic acid in the organic solvent led to the total solubilization of membranes. The glycoproteins precipitated at the interphase after partition of the acidified chloroform/methanol solution with water and were resolubilized from the interphase with chloroform/methanol/water (1:1:0.3, by vol). The solubility properties of the membrane glycoproteins in the acidified organic solvent mixtures allow to remove the bulk of membrane lipids and to recover from the chloroform/methanol/water solution the glycoprotein of rod outer segment membranes, rhodopsin, as protonated N-retinylidene opsin in a water soluble form.

Animals↗