[Old and new on roentgen tubes. 5].
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Tumor imaging is at the forefront of radiology technology and is the focus of most cutting edge research. Radiologic applications for imaging of metastases are applied to initial staging, restaging after neoadjuvant therapy, and follow-up surveillance after therapy for tumor recurrence. CT is the routine imaging choice in staging, restaging, and detection of recurrence. Fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography has evolved as an imaging modality that further improves staging as well as the detection of recurrent and metastatic disease.
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Although education in radiologic technology is offered at the baccalaureate level, it is not necessarily the level of choice among radiology administrators for their personnel. Radiology administrators in Kansas and Nebraska hospitals, which are primarily rural hospitals of 50 beds or less, were surveyed to evaluate their opinions of baccalaureate level radiologic technologists (RTs). Their opinions were also compared to the opinions of California radiology administrators from a study four years prior. Results showed that the radiology administrators in Kansas and Nebraska prefer RTs with a baccalaureate degree, with all other factors equal among technologists. However, when one employee had more experience, especially in an additional modality, the baccalaureate degree was not the preference of these administrators.
The present paper introduces a model for retrospective assessment of radiation exposure to patients undergoing conventional diagnostic radiography. The model allows for the quantification of relevant organ doses as well as the effective dose from exposures in the time period between 1946 and 1995. The assessment procedure consists of three consecutive steps. The first step uses a set of ideal doses that were measured under optimum conditions. In the second step, we account for the state of radiological technology available at the time of a given exposure. The third step, finally, considers the prevailing standard of radiological practice. Model parameters are derived from a compilation of data from the contemporary radiologic literature as well as from a multitude of historic sources. The three-dimensional matrix of ideal doses and respective correction factors presented here can be readily implemented in the context of analytic epidemiological studies.