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PubMed1989

[Comparisons of bioavailability of various calcium salts. Utilization incisor dentin in parathyroidectomized rats].

In the present study, we compared the bioavailability of various calcium salts in the diet such as calcium lactate, calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate by examining the effects of these calcium salts on serum calcium concentration and on the mineralization of incisor dentin in parathyroidectomized (PTXed) rats. Each rat was given daily 12 g of a low calcium (0.1% Ca) diet beginning from 3 days before the operation and continuing for 11 days after. Then the diet was changed to those containing various calcium salts (1.5% Ca). The serum calcium and phosphorous concentrations were examined every three days, just before feeding time and 6 hours after. The degree and site of the mineralization of incisor dentin were examined histologically by a time marking method using lead acetate. In the PTXed rats maintained on a low calcium diet, the serum calcium concentration decreased to about 4.5 mg/dl and the mineralization of incisor dentin was inhibited. On the 11th day, just before feeding on diets containing various calcium salts, the serum calcium concentrations were very similar for each group, but at 6 hours after feeding, concentration was 7.6 mg/dl in the calcium lactate group, 6.2 mg/dl in the calcium carbonate group and 4.8 mg/dl in the calcium phosphate group. On the 17th day following administration of the high calcium diets, the serum calcium concentrations were 9.8 mg/dl in the calcium lactate group, 8.4 mg/dl in the calcium carbonate group and 4.4 mg/dl in the calcium phosphate group. Mineralization of the incisor dentin was best in the calcium lactate group, moderate in the calcium carbonate group and poor in the calcium phosphate group. We also examined the effects of dietary phosphorus contents on serum calcium concentrations and on the mineralization of incisor dentin using PTXed rats. On the 17th day following the administration of diets (1.5% Ca, with calcium lactate) containing various amounts of phosphorus, the serum calcium concentrations in the calcium lactate group were 8.8 mg/dl (0.4% P), 6.9 mg/dl (0.8% P) and 4.2 mg/dl (1.6% P) respectively. Mineralization of incisor dentin was also inhibited in rats fed a high phosphorus diet. These results suggest that in PTXed rats, absorption of calcium from the intestines and mineralization of the incisor dentin is best by the administration of calcium lactate, moderate by calcium carbonate and poor by calcium phosphate, and that phosphorus in the diet inhibits calcium absorption from the intestines.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

The Class II caries lesion. Part 1: Diagnosis and non-invasive management.

Reductions in caries prevalence and a greater understanding of the caries process have meant that a more conservative, non-invasive approach to the treatment of early enamel lesions is possible. As the progression of approximal enamel lesions is generally slow, lesions that do not radiographically penetrate to the amelodentinal junction can be considered to have a good chance of being treated non-invasively. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments have shown that softened enamel surfaces can be rehardened and that fluoride applications enhance this remineralisation. For those accessible approximal lesions showing evidence of discrete disruption of the enamel surface an impregnation with resin may be effective. Although this type of approach to the management of the early carious lesion may not be equally successful in all patients, it will in many instances avoid the sequelae of recurrent decay, compromised gingival health, and inevitable failure associated with conventional approximal restorations.

Dental Caries↗
PubMed1989

[Enhancement of enamel crystallinity with gel method during orthodontic treatment. The 1st report: Application of electron probe X-ray microanalyser].

This paper is to review the gel method of strengthening tooth enamel substance around bonded brackets and morphological observations and elemental analyses of the chopped cross section of the three below-mentioned groups were carried out by electron probe X-ray microanalyser (EPMA) for a relative review. Group I: bracket-bonded extracted tooth enamel in application of the silica-hydro gel method. Group II: bracket-bonded extracted tooth enamel in application of the gelatin gel method. Group III: bracket-bonded extracted tooth enamel in application of neither method. The results obtained were as follows: 1) As a result of making morphological observations through secondary electron image and back scattered electron image, the adhesive condition of the brackets and the state of the chopped cross sections were favorable and these combined observation proved effective as a supplementary method of elemental analysis. 2) Through qualitative analyses, Ca, P, F, O, Na, Mg and Cl were recognized as content elements on the experimental side (the non-bracket side) as well as on the control side (the bracket side) from group I through III. 3) In making ultrahigh-speed wide-area surface analyses (elemental concentration map), the incorporation of F was recognized from enamel cuticle to approximately 200 microns in group I and to 50-100 microns in group II, and the distribution of Ca was totally consistent, and P showed the slight downward trend from enamel cuticle to dentoenamel junction. 4) The incorporation of F was acknowledged to be until 150-200 microns on the experimental side of group I and to be until 80 microns on the experimental side of group II by line analyses. 5) As regards F on the experimental and the control side in group I as well as in group II through a quantitative analysis, the experimental side clearly revealed a high concentration of F and acknowledged 1% level to be a significant distinction. From the foregoing results through the electron probe X-ray microanalyser, strengthening tooth enamel substance in vitro by application of the gel method proved to be effective, and the silica-hydro gel method was indicated to be superior to the gelatin gel method.

Dental Bonding↗