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At least 649 records · Page 36Linked to original sources

PubMed1996

Dermabrasion using an ultrasonic surgical aspirator.

We used an ultrasonic surgical aspirator on the epidermal surface to perform dermabrasion instead of the conventional motor-driven grinder. It was determined on histologic examination that it is possible to fragment the epidermis with greater selectively using the ultrasonic surgical aspirator. Abrasion also can be performed safely on spotty lesions and intricate, problematic regions with the ultrasonic surgical aspirator. We feel that the ultrasonic surgical aspirator is a promising device for use in dermabrasion.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Analysis of heat generation using ultrasonic vibration for post removal.

This study measured the temperature of the root surface and post during the application of ultrasonic vibration to cemented posts to simulate post removal procedure. Root canal therapy was performed on ten extracted maxillary incisors. A stainless steel Parapost was cemented into each prepared post space. Ultrasonic vibration was applied to the post and temperatures were recorded at the coronal post and the cervical root surface. Data were analyzed with ANOVA using the independent variables of (a) time of ultrasonic application (15, 30, 45 and 60 s) and 2) location (post and root surface). Greater temperature increase was observed at the post (52.6 degrees C, SD 11.1; 82.6 degrees C, SD 20.1; 111.0 degrees C, SD 29.1; 125.3 degrees C, SD 33.2) compared to the root surface (9.5 degrees C, SD 4.6; 17.5 degrees C, SD 4.8; 25.4 degrees C, SD 7.3; 32.2 degrees C, SD 8.1) for each time period, P < 0.001. Ultrasonic application to the post for longer than 15 s generates high temperature on the root surface.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMed2002

Improvements in the ultrasonic contrast of targeted perfluorocarbon nanoparticles using an acoustic transmission line model.

Targeted acoustic contrast agents offer the potential for sensitive ultrasonic detection of pathologic tissues. We have previously reported the development of a ligand-targeted, lipid-encapsulated, liquid perfluorodichlorooctane ultrasonic contrast system with a small nominal particle size (approximately 250-nm diameter). Perfluorocarbon nanoparticles substantially increase reflectivity when bound to targeted surfaces, and we propose that this system can be approximated physically as a simple, thin layer, acoustic transmission line. In this study, we evaluate this model and compare the ultrasonic reflectivity of different perfluorocarbon formulations with widely varying acoustic impedances targeted to either nitrocellulose membranes or plasma thrombi in vitro. Five perfluorocarbons were investigated: perfluorohexane (PFH), perfluorooctane (PFO), perfluorooctyl bromide (PFOB), perfluorodichlorooctane (PFDCO), and perfluorodecalin (PFD). Ultrasonic reflection was measured by acoustic microscopy (17 to 35 MHz). Acoustic reflectivity was increased (P < 0.05) by all targeted perfluorocarbon formulations, and the magnitude of the contrast effect was inversely correlated with the perfluorocarbon acoustic impedance. PFH nanoparticles exhibited the greatest enhancement, and PFD nanoparticles showed the least. The acoustic transmission line model predicted well the relative differences in acoustic reflectivity and frequency dependence among the perfluorocarbon formulations. For future clinical applications, PFO nanoparticles may provide the best combination of acoustic enhancement, in vivo physical stability, and safety.

Acoustics↗

PubMed2005

Optical piezoelectric transducer for nano-ultrasonics.

Piezoelectric semiconductor strained layers can be treated as piezoelectric transducers to generate nanometer-wavelength and THz-frequency acoustic waves. The mechanism of nano-acoustic wave (NAW) generation in strained piezoelectric layers, induced by femtosecond optical pulses, can be modeled by a macroscopic elastic continuum theory. The optical absorption change of the strained layers modulated by NAW through quantum-confined Franz-Keldysh (QCFK) effects allows optical detection of the propagating NAW. Based on these piezoelectric-based optical principles, we have designed an optical piezoelectric transducer (OPT) to generate NAW. The optically generated NAW is then applied to one-dimensional (1-D) ultrasonic scan for thickness measurement, which is the first step toward multidimensional nano-ultrasonic imaging. By launching a NAW pulse and resolving the returned acoustic echo signal with femtosecond optical pulses, the thickness of the studied layer can be measured with <1 nm resolution. This nano-structured OPT technique will provide the key toward the realization of nano-ultrasonics, which is analogous to the typical ultrasonic techniques but in a nanometer scale.

Electrochemistry↗

PubMed2005

In vivo acceleration of ultrasonic tissue heating by microbubble agent.

The ultrasonic power absorbed by a microbubble in its continuous wave response is estimated through numerically solving a version of the Rayleigh-Plesset equation. At an ultrasonic frequency of 3 MHz, a resonant microbubble, approximately 1.1 microm in radius, showed an absorption cross section of about 0.005 mm2 in its low power response. This estimation predicts that the tissue ultrasonic absorption will be doubled when such microbubbles are delivered to the tissue at a concentration of about eight bubbles/mm3 in tissue. An exteriorized murine kidney was exposed to focused ultrasound at 3.2 MHz in degassed saline, and the tissue temperature change was measured. With an intravenous bolus administration of a microbubble agent, the ultrasonically induced temperature elevation was multiplied by up to five times. The enhancement in temperature elevation gradually decreased as the microbubble agent was eliminated from the body. The experimental results agreed with the prediction in the order of magnitude. This effect may have a potential use to enhance the throughput as well as the selectivity of focused ultrasound treatment.

Albumins↗

PubMed2004

Comparative effectiveness of hand and ultrasonic instrumentations in root surface planing in vitro.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: A variety of techniques are employed for planing and scaling of the superficial root surfaces, of which hand and ultrasonic instrumentations have been preferentially used in routine periodontics clinics. This study was undertaken to compare the effectiveness of ultrasonic scalers and hand curettes in facilitating fibroblast attachment to the scaled root surfaces. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixteen patients with periodontally involved teeth and nine subjects without periodontal diseases (control subjects) were selected. Two single-rooted teeth were extracted from each subject. Mesial and distal surfaces of teeth were selected in treated and untreated groups, respectively. The mesial surface of each tooth was randomly chosen to be treated either by hand curettes or ultrasonic instrumentation. The degree of cell attachment on the root surfaces of treated and untreated groups from control subjects and patients was then determined by the use of a gingival fibroblast line established and employed at early passages. The attachment and proliferation of gingival fibroblasts on the root surfaces were evaluated using neutral red assay and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). RESULTS: Fibroblast survival and proliferation on the surfaces of untreated periodontally involved roots were found to be significantly lower compared with control untreated surfaces (p<0.0001) or treated surfaces from patients (p<0.0001). No significant difference, however, was observed between root surfaces treated either by hand curettes or ultrasonic scalers. CONCLUSION: These results indicate the beneficial effectiveness of both techniques in root treatment and planing.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

Enhancement of ultrasonically induced cell damage by a gallium-porphyrin complex, ATX-70.

Enhancement of ultrasonically induced cell damage by a gallium-porphyrin complex [ATX-70, 2,4-bis(1-decyloxyethyl)-Ga(III)-1,3,5,8- tetramethylporphryin-6,7-dipropionyl diaspartic acid] was investigated. The rate of damage to isolated sarcoma 180 cells in air-saturated suspension induced by 2 MHz ultrasound irradiation was enhanced more than four times by 80 microM ATX-70 in contrast to only twice by the same concentration of hematoporphyrin (Hp). The enhancement was almost completely inhibited in the presence of 10 mM histidine in the suspension, but not at all by 100 mM mannitol, which suggests that the enhanced cell damage was mostly mediated by singlet oxygen. Ultrasonically induced active oxygen generation in an air-saturated aqueous solution of ATX-70 was studied by detecting the electron spin resonance signals of 2,2,6,6,-tetramethyl-4-piperidone-N-oxyl produced by the reaction of 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidone with the generated active oxygen species. The rate of ultrasonically induced nitroxide generation was enhanced five times by 80 microM ATX-70 in contrast to only twice by Hp. The enhancement was inhibited significantly in the presence of 10 mM histidine in the suspension, but not at all by 100 mM mannitol. The singlet oxygen generation in air-saturated aqueous solution was further confirmed by the bleaching of N,N-dimethyl-4-nitrosoaniline in the presence of imidazole. The ultrasonically induced bleaching rate was enhanced six times by ATX-70, in contrast to only twice by Hp.

Animals↗

PubMed1995

Ultrasonic preparation and obturation of root-end cavities.

This study evaluated the preparation of root-end cavities using an ultrasonically activated file, and the obturation of such cavities. In the first part, the root canals of 40 extracted teeth were prepared to size 40 and irrigated with NaOCl and EDTA. The root ends were resected and the teeth inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis, incubated for 10 days and divided into four groups: control; saline; irrigation; hand instrumentation performed via a retrograde approach up to size 50 using saline irrigant; ultrasonic instrumentation with prebent size 40 K-flex file inserted into a Piezon Master using saline irrigant. The teeth were fixed, sectioned longitudinally and viewed under scanning electron microscopy. Bacterial and smear layer scores were obtained at 1, 3, and 5 mm from the resected end. The bacterial scores for control and saline groups were similar; the scores for each instrumentation group were significantly lower than the control group (P<0.001). In addition, there were significantly fewer bacteria in the ultrasonic group compared with the hand instrument group (P<0.001). The smear layer scores for control and saline groups were similar, and significantly lower than in either instrumentation group (P<0.001). In the second part, root-end cavities were ultrasonically prepared in 20 extracted teeth. Ten cavities were filled with amalgam, and 10 with thermoplasticized gutta-percha and Grossman's sealer. After 24-h storage, the root ends were immersed in dye for 48 h. Cross-sectional slices of the obturated part of the root were evaluated using both light and confocal microscopy for dye leakage along the interface of filling material and dentine. There were no statistical differences between the leakage of amalgam and gutta-percha root-end fillings, nor between the two methods of microscopy.

Dental Alloys↗

PubMed2004

The effectiveness of syringe irrigation and ultrasonics to remove debris from simulated irregularities within prepared root canal walls.

AIM: To compare the ability of syringe irrigation and ultrasonic irrigation to remove artificially placed dentine debris from simulated canal irregularities within prepared root canals. METHODOLOGY: After canal enlargement, twelve canines were split longitudinally into two halves. On the wall of one half of each root canal a standard groove of 4 mm in length, 0.2 mm in width and 0.5 mm in depth was cut, 2-6 mm from the apex, to simulate uninstrumented canal extensions. On the wall of the other half, three standard saucer-shaped depressions of 0.3 mm in diameter and 0.5 mm in depth were cut at 2, 4 and 6 mm from the apex to simulate uninstrumented canal irregularities. Each groove and depression were filled with dentine debris mixed with 2% NaOCl to simulate a situation when dentine debris accumulates in uninstrumented canal extensions and irregularities during canal preparation. Each tooth was re-assembled by reconnecting the two halves, using wire and an impression putty material. Two per cent NaOCl was then delivered into each canal either using syringe irrigation (n = 8) or using ultrasonic irrigation (n = 8). Before and after irrigation, images of the two halves of the canal wall were taken, using a microscope and a digital camera, after which they were scanned into a PC as TIFF images. The amount of remaining dentine debris in the grooves and depressions was evaluated by using a scoring system between 0-3: the higher the score, the more the debris. The data were analysed by means of the Mann-Whitney U-test. RESULTS: Both forms of irrigation reduced the debris score significantly. The debris score was statistically significantly lower after ultrasonic irrigation than after syringe irrigation (P = 0.002 for grooves, P = 0.047 for depressions). CONCLUSION: Ultrasonic irrigation ex vivo is more effective than syringe irrigation in removing artificially created dentine debris placed in simulated uninstrumented extensions and irregularities in straight, wide root canals.

Cuspid↗

PubMed2004

The efficacy of ultrasonic irrigation to remove artificially placed dentine debris from different-sized simulated plastic root canals.

AIM: To investigate the influence of diameter and taper of root canals on the effectiveness of ultrasonic irrigation to remove artificially placed dentine debris from simulated uninstrumented extensions in simulated root canals. METHOD: Three groups of standard canals were cut in resin blocks using either size 20, .04 taper ProFile instruments, size 20, .06 Greater Taper (GT) rotary instruments or size 20, .08 GT instruments, respectively. Each resin block was then split longitudinally through the canal, forming two halves. In one canal wall, a standard groove 4 mm in length was cut 2-6 mm from the apical end of the canal, to simulate uninstrumented canal extensions. Each groove was filled with dentine debris mixed with 2% NaOCl to simulate a situation when dentine debris accumulates in the uninstrumented canal extensions. Each canal was reassembled by joining the two halves of the resin block by means of wires and sticky wax. In each canal ultrasonic irrigation was performed for 3 min using 2% NaOCl as irrigant. Before and after irrigation, images of each half of the canal with a groove were taken using a microscope and a digital camera, after which they were scanned into a PC as TIFF images. The quantity of dentine debris in the groove was evaluated using a scoring system: the higher the score, the larger the amount of debris remaining. The score data were analysed by means of Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U-tests. RESULTS: After ultrasonic irrigation, the debris score for the size 20,.04 taper group was significantly higher than that for the size 20,.06 group (P = 0.040) and the size 20,.08 group (P = 0.006) groups. However, no significant difference was found between the size 20,.06 and the size 20,.08 groups (P = 0.320). CONCLUSION: In simulated plastic root canals, the diameter and taper of root canal influenced the effectiveness of ultrasonic irrigation to remove artificially placed dentine debris.

Dental Instruments↗

PubMed2005

A comparison between a smooth wire and a K-file in removing artificially placed dentine debris from root canals in resin blocks during ultrasonic irrigation.

AIM: To compare the efficacy of a smooth wire with a conventional K-file, in removing dentine debris from grooves in root canals made in resin blocks, during ultrasonic irrigation. METHODOLOGY: Each resin block containing a standard simulated canal was split longitudinally through the canal, forming two halves. In one canal wall, a standard groove 4 mm in length, 0.2 mm in width and 0.5 mm in depth was cut 2-6 mm from the apical end of the canal, to simulate uninstrumented canal extensions. Each groove was filled with fresh dentine debris mixed with 2% NaOCl to simulate a situation when dentine debris accumulates in uninstrumented canal extensions. Each canal was reassembled by joining the two halves of the resin block by means of wires and sticky wax. In each canal ultrasonic irrigation was performed for 3 min using 2% NaOCl as irrigant. In one group (n = 20) a conventional K-file size 15 was used. In the other group (n = 20) a smooth wire was used which had the same length and diameter as the size 15 K-file. Before and after irrigation, images of each half of the canal with a groove were taken, using a microscope and a digital camera, after which they were scanned into a PC as TIFF images. The quantity of dentine debris in the groove was evaluated using a scoring system: the higher the score, the larger the amount of debris remaining. The score data were analysed by means of the Mann-Whitney U-test. RESULTS: After ultrasonic irrigation, the debris was completely removed from the groove in 35 canals (87.5%), and there was no significant difference between the groups (P = 0.429). CONCLUSIONS: Using a smooth wire during ultrasonic irrigation is as effective as a size 15 K-file in removal of artificially placed dentine debris in grooves in simulated root canals in resin blocks.

Dental Instruments↗

PubMed2005

The efficacy of ultrasonic irrigation to remove artificially placed dentine debris from human root canals prepared using instruments of varying taper.

AIM: To investigate the influence of the taper of root canals on the effectiveness of ultrasonic irrigation to remove artificially placed dentine debris. METHOD: Forty-four maxillary and mandibular canines were selected after bucco-lingual and mesio-distal radiographs indicated that their internal diameters were smaller than the diameters of a size 20, .06 taper System GT instrument (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland). These canines were divided into three groups and prepared using either size 20, .06 taper System GT instruments, size 20, .08 taper or size 20, .10 taper System GT instruments. Each root was then split longitudinally through the canal, forming two halves. In one canal wall, a standard groove was cut 2-6 mm from the apex, to simulate un-instrumented canal extensions. Each groove was filled with dentine debris mixed with 2% NaOCl to simulate a situation when dentine debris accumulates in the un-instrumented canal extensions. Each canal was reassembled by joining the two halves of the teeth by means of wires and sticky wax. In each canal ultrasonic irrigation was performed with a size 15 K file using 2% NaOCl as an irrigant. Before and after irrigation, images of each half of the canal with a groove were taken using a microscope and a digital camera, after which they were scanned into a PC as TIFF images. The quantity of dentine debris in the groove was evaluated using a scoring system: the higher the score, the larger the amount of debris. The scores before and after irrigation were compared. The differences in percentage of score reduction between the three groups were analysed by means of one-way anova. RESULTS: After ultrasonic irrigation, the debris score reduced by 74, 81 and 93%, respectively, in the size 20, .06, 20, .08 and 20, .10 taper groups. However, the difference amongst groups was not statistically significant (P = 0.078). CONCLUSION: There was a tendency that ultrasonic irrigation was more effective in removing artificially placed dentine debris from simulated canal extensions from canals with greater tapers.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMed1997

Tumescent liposuction versus internal ultrasonic-assisted tumescent liposuction. A side-to-side comparison.

BACKGROUND: Tumescent liposuction (TL) performed according to accepted guidelines has proven to be a safe and effective outpatient procedure. The recent introduction of internal ultrasonic assistance may be a beneficial adjunct to the proven technique of tumescent liposuction at no additional risk to the patient. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether there are differences in the intra- and postoperative course and the final cosmetic result between TL and internal ultrasonic-assisted tumescent liposuction (I-UATL) with a device using a double-lumen, saline-cooled cannula. METHODS: Twenty-eight patients were enrolled in a randomized, prospective, side-to-side comparative study of TL with and without internal ultrasonic assistance. Intraoperative data including patient and physician observations are reported. A blinded evaluation was performed by the nonoperating surgeon of postoperative bruising, swelling, nodularity, skin retraction, decrease in cellulite, and symmetry at regular intervals after the procedure. Patients assessed variables concurrently. RESULTS: In most cases, the surgeon sensed a greater ease of cannula motion on the I-UATL side, associated with less physician exertion and fatigue. Patients tended to note a more pleasant intraoperative experience on the I-UATL side. We found no significant difference in the degree of postoperative bruising, nodularity, skin retraction, or decreased cellulite as evaluated by the observing physician, although swelling at 1 week was greater on the I-UATL side. The degree of bruising, swelling, soreness, numbness, skin retraction, or decrease in cellulite as reported by the patient did not differ significantly. There were no major complications attributable to either technique. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that the addition of internal ultrasonic assistance to the tumescent liposuction procedure may be advantageous regarding less physician effort and increased patient comfort during the procedure. We have not shown a significant difference in the postoperative course or the final cosmetic result when comparing TL with I-UATL.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Intracapsular subtotal prostatectomy in normal dogs: use of an ultrasonic surgical aspirator.

In an attempt to reduce postoperative incontinence associated with excisional prostatectomy and the recurrence of prostatic disease after less radical surgeries, a new technique for subtotal prostatectomy was developed using an ultrasonic surgical aspirator. During laparotomy, a longitudinal incision was made in the ventral surface of each lobe of the prostate gland. Biopsies for histology and culture were taken. Through the ventral incisions, the ultrasonic surgical aspirator was used to resect approximately 85% of the glandular tissue from inside the capsule. The ultrasonic surgical aspirator allowed resection of the glandular tissue without damaging the vessels, nerves, and connective tissue stroma. The ventral portion of the capsule was excised. The dorsal portions of the capsule were apposed on the ventral midline by suturing their ventral margins to form a periurethral cuff. As preclinical research, seven intact male dogs were evaluated by physical examination, complete blood cell count, serum urea nitrogen, urinalyses, and urethral pressure profile (UPP) with urethral electromyograms (EMGs). The dogs underwent subtotal prostatectomy and castration. All dogs were continent after surgery. UPPs and EMGs at 1 and 2 months after surgery were no different than before surgery. This contrasts to our previous studies in which excisional prostatectomy reduced maximal urethral closure pressure (MUCP) in dogs without prostatic disease. The use of the ultrasonic surgical aspirator for intracapsular subtotal prostatectomy facilitated removal of glandular tissue with decreased hemorrhage and provided preservation of the prostatic urethra, nerves, and vessels involved in maintaining urinary continence.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Comparative in vitro studies of sonic, ultrasonic and reciprocating scaling instruments.

Flat root surface areas of formalin-stored mandibular incisors with plaque and calculus were scaled by sonic (PHATELUS SONIC SCALER, SONIC FLEX 2000, TITAN-S SONIC SCALER) or ultrasonic instruments (HYGIENIST ULTRASONIC SCALER, CAVITRON) or by a new reciprocating scaling insert for the EVA/PROFIN system. The test areas were photographed by SEM and coded micrographs were independently graded by three examiners using the RCI (Remaining Calculus Index) and the RLTSI (Roughness Loss of Tooth Substance Index). The findings revealed that the sonic scalers as a group removed calculus more completely but also left significantly more roughness and loss of tooth substance than the other instruments tested. No difference was seen between the two ultrasonic scalers. The reciprocating insert gave results similar to those of the ultrasonic except for the scaling time which was significantly longer for the new "cleansing principle".

Dental Calculus↗

PubMed2004

Atmospheric contamination during ultrasonic scaling.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the microbial atmospheric contamination during initial periodontal treatment using a piezoelectric ultrasonic scaler in combination with either high-volume evacuation (HVE) or conventional dental suction (CDS). METHODS: The study included 17 treatment sessions, consisting of a 40-min episode of continuous plaque and calculus removal using an ultrasonic unit (EMS). The treatment sessions were carried out in six patients with generalized adult periodontitis and ranged from two to four sessions per patient according to their needs. The use of HVE and CDS was randomly assigned over the sessions within each patient. Before each treatment, the operating room was not used for 15 h. To measure baseline microbial air pollution two Petri dishes containing blood agar were exposed for 10 min to the air. At the start of each treatment session, two Petri dishes were exposed for 5 min at a distance of 40 cm from the mouth of the patients. After 20 min, this procedure was repeated. At a distance of 150 cm, two Petri dishes were exposed for 20 min followed by exposure of two new Petri dishes for the rest of the session. The plates were cultured aerobically and anaerobically for 3 and 7 days, respectively. RESULTS: The mean colony forming units (CFU) before treatment never exceeded 0.6 colonies per plate. At 40 cm, the mean CFU, when considering a period of 40 min, was 8.0 for HVE and 17.0 for CDS. The mean CFU at 150 cm during this period was 8.1 with HVE and 10.3 with the CDS. With reference to the Air Microbial Index the operatory atmosphere was considered to be in a good condition during 40 min of continuous use of the ultrasonic scaler in combination with both HVE and CDS. CONCLUSION: Within the restrictions of this study, only limited atmospheric microbial contamination is produced when using a piezoelectric ultrasonic scaler.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Root surface removal and resultant surface texture with diamond-coated ultrasonic inserts: an in vitro and SEM study.

BACKGROUND: A new diamond-coated ultrasonic insert has been developed for scaling and root planing, and it was evaluated in vitro for the amount of root surface removed and the roughness of the residual root surface as a result of instrumentation. METHODS: 48 extracted single-rooted human teeth were ground flat on one root surface and mounted (flat side up) in PVC rings of standard height and diameter with improved dental stone. Each tooth surface was treated with either a plain ultrasonic insert (PI), an ultrasonic insert with a fine grit diamond coating (DI) or sharp Gracey curettes (HI). The mounted teeth were attached to a stepper motor which drove the teeth in a horizontal, reciprocal motion at a constant rate. The thickness from the flattened bottom of the ring to the flattened tooth surface was measured before and after 10, 20, and 30 instrumentation strokes for each root surface with each of the experimental instruments. A number of treated teeth were randomly selected for examination with SEM and a profilometer. Statistical analysis (analysis of co-variance) was performed to compare the amounts of tooth structure removed among the 3 instruments and t-test was used to compare the roughness of the treated root surfaces. RESULTS: The mean depth of root structure removed was PI 10.7 microm, HI 15.0 microm, and DI 46.2 microm after 10 strokes; and PI 21.6 microm, HI 33.2 and DI 142.0 microm after 30 strokes, respectively. On average, 0.9 microm, 1.3 microm, and 4.7 microm of root surface was removed with each stroke of PI, HI and DI, respectively. PI and HI were not different from each other for all the stroke cycles, while DI was significantly different from PI and HI for all the stroke cycles (p<0.0001). Analysis with the profilometer showed that the smoothest surface was produced by the PI followed by the HI. The DI produced a surface that was significantly rougher than the surface produced by the PI or HI. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that diamond-coated ultrasonic instruments will effectively plane roots, and that caution should be used during periodontal root planing procedures. Additionally, the diamond-coated instruments will produce a rougher surface than the plain inserts or the hand curettes.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMed2006

Influence of rotating-oscillating, sonic and ultrasonic action of power toothbrushes on abrasion of sound and eroded dentine.

OBJECTIVE: This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the susceptibility of sound and eroded dentine to brushing abrasion performed by different rotating-oscillating, sonic and ultrasonic toothbrushes. METHODS: Toothbrushing abrasion (20 cycles, each 30 s) was applied to bovine dentine samples (each subgroup n = 10) exhibiting both a demineralized (each cycle: 1% citric acid, pH: 2.3, 60 s; 30 min remineralization in artificial saliva) and a sound surface area. Toothbrushing was performed in an automatic brushing machine with the rotating-oscillating, sonic and ultrasonic toothbrushes either (a) activated, supplemented by 20 strokes/min of the brushing machine, (b) inactivated, supplemented by 20 strokes/min of the brushing machine or (c) inactivated, supplemented by 80 strokes/min of the brushing machine. A manual toothbrush was applied with 20, 80 or 100 linear strokes/min. Specimens of the control group were not brushed after erosion. After each cycle, the samples were stored in artificial saliva for 4 h. After 20 cycles, loss of sound and softened dentine was determined by profilometry. Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon test and Bonferroni corrections were applied to the data (p < 0.05). RESULTS: For all groups, demineralized dentin areas exhibited significantly higher abrasion values than the respective sound dentine surfaces. However, mean dentine loss of both softened and sound dentine was higher after use of the rotating-oscillating, sonic and ultrasonic brushes with the activated regime [(a) eroded dentine: 9.94-16.45 microm; sound dentine: 3.31-5.47 microm] than after brushing with the inactivated regimes [(b) eroded dentine: 5.10-5.62 microm; sound dentine: 1.16-1.81 microm; (c) eroded dentin: 7.64-8.89 microm; sound dentine: 1.38-1.69 microm]. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that rotating-oscillating, sonic or ultrasonic action of the power toothbrushes leads to an increased loss of demineralized and sound dentine.

Animals↗