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At least 649 records · Page 36Linked to original sources

PubMed2003

Vigabatrin-associated visual field constriction in a longitudinal series. Reversibility suggested after drug withdrawal.

PURPOSE: To evaluate through a longitudinal study the effects on visual fields of long-term vigabatrin medication in patients with partial epilepsy and to discuss visual field screening strategies. METHODS: A total of 26 patients aged 14-68 years with a mean history of vigabatrin medication of 8.5 years (range 2-14 years) were followed by manual kinetic Goldmann perimetry (objects IV,4 and I,4) for 6-26 months (mean value 12.3 months). At time zero and at follow-up, each patient was assigned a "pooled" averaged value, as a linear percentage of normal isopter position, for the two objects as tested nasally and temporally in the five most horizontal meridians on the Goldmann chart. Twelve eyes from nine adults (age 24-60 years) served as controls. RESULTS: Constrictions were recorded in 24 of 26 patients at baseline. Averaged isopters ranged from 8% to 96% of the controls' averaged isopter positions. Median values of 71.5% and 60.5% for large and small objects, respectively, indicated that the smaller object was more sensitive to visual field constriction. There was no difference in the degree of constriction between nasal and temporal hemifields. Significant improvement in the visual field (mean gain 13.6% units) was seen in the eight patients who underwent full drug withdrawal. No similar improvement was seen in the 12 patients still on full dose or the six with reduced intake. CONCLUSIONS: Most Danish patients on long-term vigabatrin medication have suffered some visual field loss. Contrary to most clinical evidence so far, the present follow-up study indicates some reversibility of visual field loss after drug withdrawal. Kinetic Goldmann perimetry appears to be a fair alternative to computerized static perimetry techniques for screening and following vigabatrin-treated patients.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1984

The frequency distribution of earliest glaucomatous visual field defects documented by automatic perimetry.

2500-3000 eyes with ocular hypertension, with or without established glaucoma in the fellow eye, were followed with automatic perimetry for several years. Forty-five eyes showed a documented change from repeated normal fields to reproducible glaucomatous visual field loss. The location of the defective points in the first pathological field of each eye was registered. The resulting frequency distribution is shown and discussed.

Computers↗

PubMed1995

Clinical implications of intra- and inter-reader agreement in four different automated visual fields.

BACKGROUND: This study was designed and conducted to examine the degree of inter- and intra-reader agreement when four readers evaluate visual fields in patients known to have glaucoma and patients known to not have glaucoma. METHODS: Fifty-three patients known to have glaucoma and 60 patients known not to have glaucoma were selected randomly from a population at the University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Optometry. Four visual fields were performed on each patient, non-dilated, with the proper correction in place. The fields were performed on three different instruments by technicians who were unaware of the diagnostic status of the patient. Four independent (blinded) clinicians read the visual fields and judged them as: "glaucoma field defect," "no glaucoma field defect," and "poor reliability-cannot judge." RESULTS: Statistical analysis revealed that a single reader's interpretation of four different types of visual fields are very different from, are poorer than, and are more consistent than are the four readers' interpretations of a single type of visual field. The analysis also shows that the readers consistently underestimated the number of glaucoma patients with one instrument and overestimated the number with another. CONCLUSIONS: This results suggest that a single visual field will discriminate patients with glaucoma with an accuracy in the 70 to 75 percent range. For one of the instruments, the shorter protocol was almost as effective in discriminating glaucomatous fields as the longer protocol. This study also suggests that repeating the visual fields or analysis of a single field by two readers improves reliability.

Aged↗

PubMed1996

[The asymmetry of the intrinsic connections of the cat striate cortex in the projection zone of the central visual field].

Spatial distribution of intrinsic connections in the visual field centre projection zone of the cat striate cortex, was investigated. Retrogradely labelled cells formed an oblong area and were found in superficial as well as deep cortical layers. The labelled cells were located mostly medially to the column under study. The revealed asymmetry shows that the orientation column cells have more extended connections with cells representing the visual field periphery. We suppose that the "silent" regions are asymmetrically located in respect to the orientation column cells' receptive fields. This can account for the influence of the visual field periphery.

Animals↗

PubMed1995

Late visual field changes following cryotherapy for retinopathy of prematurity stage 3.

AIMS: The correlation between cryoscars and visual field defects following cryoablation was studied. METHODS: A Humphrey 120 full field screening test was performed in 10 children (15 eyes) who were treated by cryotherapy between 10 and 14 years previously for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) stage 3. RESULTS: In eight eyes treated by cryoablation through 360 degrees in zone I or II, a moderate circumferential peripheral visual field constriction was found. In seven other eyes, cryotreated up to 180 degrees only in the temporal retina (zone III), a nasal field constriction was noted. There was no evidence of late development of retinal tears or retinal detachment. The correlation between the primary cryoapplications, late chorioretinal cryoscars, and the visual field changes was evaluated. CONCLUSION: Late chorioretinal scars following cryotherapy for ROP stage 3 are associated with visual field defects, but as these defects are at the periphery of the visual field they do not cause any subjective derangements 10-14 years after treatment.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1982

Risk factors for rate of progression of glaucomatous visual field loss: a computer-based analysis.

Factors affecting the progression of visual field loss were examined in 57 patients with bilateral open angle glaucoma. patients who already had marked visual field loss experienced further field loss at a greatly accelerated rate. Family history of glaucoma, sex, and initial registration intraocular pressure were also important prognostic factors for progressive visual field loss, whereas age and systemic blood pressure were not found to affect rate of visual field loss. Follow-up data from these patients were drawn from a computer-based clinic record system that may serve as a prototype for the collection of information on the natural history of ophthalmic diseases.

Age Factors↗

PubMed2000

Visual field defect associated with laser in situ keratomileusis.

PURPOSE: To report a case of visual field defect associated with laser in situ keratomileusis. METHODS: Case report. A 28-year-old woman with high myopia (-10D) and a family history of normal tension glaucoma underwent bilateral laser in situ keratomileusis keratorefractive surgery. Preoperatively, both eyes had normal intraocular pressure and visual field. RESULTS: At the first postoperative visit 1 day after apparently uncomplicated laser in situ keratomileusis, the patient reported a scotoma in the right eye. At 3-month follow-up, visual fields revealed the patient had developed a near-superior altitudinal visual field defect in the right eye. The defect did not progress over 1 year of follow-up examinations. CONCLUSION: Increased intraocular pressure associated with the microkeratome vacuum ring used during laser in situ keratomileusis may have precipitated optic nerve head ischemia and visual field defect.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

[Modification of the visual field during temporary interruption of miotic treatment].

The visual field of 27 eyes with chronic open angle glaucoma was examined with the "Octopus 1-2-3" automatic perimeter. The visual fields with and without miotics were compared using the "mean defect" (MD) as parameter. The MD decreases significatively (p = 0.003) after interruption of the miotic treatment. As presumed, the IOP and the pupillary diameter increased significantly (p less than 0.001). The CLV insignificatively decreased. The short term modifications of the pupillary diameter seem to be a more important factor than this of IOP.

Aged↗

PubMed2000

[Vigabatrin: balancing effectiveness vs. (irreversible) visual field loss as a side effect].

The antiepileptic drug vigabatrin causes an asymptotic concentric contraction of the visual field in 30 to 40% of the patients. The visual field loss seems to be correlated with the cumulative dose of vigabatrin and is not reversible. The cause of this field loss is located in the inner retina (the horizontal and/or amacrine cells). The exact mechanism is still unknown. Though abnormalities in electrophysiology and colour vision are found, regular visual field examination remains the cornerstone in detecting visual field loss. A careful judgement has to be made in individual patients before starting or continuing vigabatrin medication.

4-Aminobutyrate Transaminase↗

PubMed1998

Visual fields in patients with posterior GPi pallidotomy.

The objective of this study was to describe the incidence and types of visual field defects after posterior globus pallidus internus (GPi) pallidotomy for Parkinson's disease. The creation of the pallidotomy lesion carries a risk of damaging neighboring structures such as the optic tract. The reported frequency of visual field defects in patients after pallidotomy varies from 0 to 40%. Goldmann visual field testing was performed on 40 patients who underwent microelectrode-guided posterior GPi pallidotomy. The optic tract was identified during the procedure by listening during microelectrode recording for the evoked responses to light flashes and by assessing stimulation-induced subjective responses. After the first 18 patients, lesioning thresholds were increased from 0.5 to > or =1.0 mA so that the lesion was placed more distant from the optic tract. The location of individual lesions was determined on postsurgical MRI. Three patients (7.5%) had visual field defects likely related to the pallidotomy. These were contralateral homonymous superior quadrantanopias, associated in two patients with small paracentral scotomas. The incidence of visual field defects with the early technique was 11% (2/18) and decreased to 4.5% (1/22) after thresholds for lesioning were increased. Except for the location of the lesion relative to the optic tract (more ventral, adjacent to or extending into the optic tract), no other variable correlated with a post-pallidotomy visual field defect. Microelectrode-guided GPi pallidotomy is a relatively safe procedure as regards visual function even when the optic tract is used as a guide for lesion placement.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Hemifield association between blue-on-yellow visual field and optic nerve head topographic measurements.

BACKGROUND: Blue-on-yellow (B/Y) perimetry can reveal visual field defects earlier and larger in extent than white-on-white (W/W) perimetry. The Heidelberg Retina Tomograph (HRT) produces a three-dimensional image of the optic disc. The aim of this study was to compare the strength of the association of the B/Y and W/W visual hemifield mean deviation (HMD) variables with the optic nerve head (ONH) morphological variables of the respective area. METHODS: We evaluated one randomly chosen eye of 40 normal subjects and 37 patients with ocular hypertension and different stages of glaucoma. The B/Y and W/W visual fields (program 30-2) were obtained with a Humphrey perimeter. Results of both visual fields were adjusted for the patient's age and lens transmission index measured with a lens fluorometer. HMD was calculated as the difference between the measured and expected hemifield mean sensitivity values, predicted by the regression model fitted in our nonglaucomatous subject data. The HRT with the software version 1.11 was used to acquire and evaluate the topographic measurements of the optic disc. RESULTS: The B/Y and W/W visual field HMDs showed statistically significant correlation with ONH parameters such as cup shape measure (CSM), rim volume, rim area, mean retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and RNFL cross-sectional area. With forward stepwise logistic regression analysis using B/Y hemifield data 38% of the glaucoma patient's normal W/W hemifields were classified abnormal. With the CSM alone in the model 52% of the cases were classified abnormal. CONCLUSIONS: B/Y visual field hemifield mean deviation values correlate well with ONH parameters examined with the HRT.

Adult↗

PubMed1982

The visual field in monocularly deprived cats and its permanence.

The present study had two primary aims. The first was to determine the extent of the visual field of the deprived eye of a monocularly deprived cat using visual perimetry techniques, since recent reports have been contrary to previous research. The second aim was to determine whether enucleation of the experienced eye of a monocularly deprived cat was associated with any increase in the extent of the visual field of the deprived eye compared to forced usage (reverse-suture). The results indicate that the extent of the visual field using the deprived eye is limited to the ipsilateral monocular visual field. Further, enucleation of the experienced eye leads to a rapid expansion of the visual field of the deprived eye to include the entire ipsilateral hemifield which does not occur following reverse-suture. Possible reasons for the conflicting reports in the literature are discussed.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Peripheral and central visual fields in 11-year-old children who had been born prematurely and at term.

PURPOSE: To examine the peripheral and central visual fields in children who had been born prematurely and at term. METHODS: Four groups of 11-year-old children were examined: group 1 included 24 children who had been born at term (control group); group 2 included 20 children who had been born prematurely without ROP; group 3 included 22 children who had been born prematurely with untreated ROP (stages 2 and 3); and group 4 included 21 children who had been born prematurely and underwent cryotreatment for severe ROP. Their peripheral visual fields were examined with Goldmann perimetry. Static high-pass resolution perimetry was used to evaluate their central visual fields within 30 degrees. RESULTS: The peripheral visual fields were constricted in children who had undergone cryotreatment (group 4), as compared with the other groups (1 to 3). We found no difference between the groups of children who had been born prematurely with or without ROP (groups 2 and 3) and the control group. The function of the central visual fields, expressed as neural capacity, was reduced in the children who had been born prematurely compared with the controls, significantly in their left eyes only. The children who underwent cryotreament did not differ from the other children who had been born prematurely in this respect. CONCLUSIONS: The peripheral visual fields were constricted in children who had undergone cryotreatment. It is uncertain whether this was caused by the treatment or by severe ROP. The central visual fields showed a tendency of reduced neural capacity in the children who had been born prematurely, reflecting a reduced density of retinocortical neural channels. However, this was not related to ROP or cryotreatment.

Child↗

PubMed2005

The natural history of Vigabatrin associated visual field defects in patients electing to continue their medication.

PURPOSE: To determine the natural history of visual field defects in a group of patients known to have Vigabatrin-associated changes who elected to continue the medication because of good seizure control. METHODS: All patients taking Vigabatrin alone or in combination with other antiepileptic drugs for at least 5 years (range 5-12 years) were entered into a visual surveillance programme. Patients were followed up at 6-monthly intervals for not less than 18 months (range 18-43 months). In all, 16 patients with unequivocal defects continued the medication. Following already published methodology (Eye 2002; 16;567-571) monocular mean radial degrees (MRDs) to the I/4e isopter on Goldmann perimetry was calculated for the right eye at the time of discovery of a visual field defect and again after not less than 18 months follow-up. RESULTS: Mean right eye MRD at presentation was 36.98 degrees (range 22.25-51.0), compared to 38.40 degrees (range 22.5-49.75) after follow-up; P=0.338 unpaired t-test. Only one patient demonstrated a deterioration in visual field during the study period and discontinued treatment. CONCLUSION: Established visual field defects presumed to be due to Vigabatrin therapy did not usually progress in spite of continuing use of the medication. These data give support to the hypothesis that the pathogenesis of Vigabatrin-associated visual field defects may be an idiosyncratic adverse drug reaction rather than dose-dependent toxicity.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Plotting visual fields using contralateral fixation: a novel honeycomb device.

A device that maintains steady fixation while plotting the visual field of an eye with a large central defect is presented. The device is composed of multiple adjacent pinhole tubes mounted on an eye shield and placed in front of the seeing fellow eye. The device constricts the visual field of the fixating nontested eye to preserve only the central 3 degrees, thus not interfering with the visual field of the tested eye. We tested 3 healthy volunteers with simulated visual field defects and more than 100 patients with unilateral loss of central vision. The use of this device allowed us to plot visual field defects with clear-cut borders while no meaningful results could be obtained without it. We found this device to be efficient, simple to use, and suitable for all varieties of perimetry.

Aged↗

PubMed2006

Progression of visual field defects in leber hereditary optic neuropathy: experience of the LHON treatment trial.

PURPOSE: To describe the visual fields of patients with Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON), a maternally inherited disorder characterized by bilateral, often sequential vision loss, before and during progressive visual deterioration. DESIGN: Prospective longitudinal follow-up of serial visual fields in patients enrolled onto an open-label, nonrandomized pilot study of topical brimonidine purite as prophylactic treatment after first eye involvement in LHON. METHODS: Nine molecularly confirmed primary mutation patients with LHON with monocular vision loss for less than six months and normal visual function in the other eye were followed prospectively for up to two years. Visual fields were performed on automated perimetry at baseline and on many follow-up visits. RESULTS: Despite normal visual acuity at baseline in all patients, seven patients had some minimal changes in the central visual field of the second eye. All patients had subsequent deterioration of visual acuity, mean deviation, and foveal sensitivity in their second eye. The earliest pattern of abnormality was typically a cecocentral defect enlarging to become a central defect, often with a superior or inferior predilection. The visual field defects in the two eyes of any given patient were remarkably similar. CONCLUSIONS: LHON may be a bilateral condition at onset more frequently than appreciated. Automated static perimetry of the "normal" eye may reveal subclinical findings that typically worsen rapidly over weeks to months to similar central scotomatous damage. Quantitative automated static perimetry is helpful in elucidating the natural history of LHON and in understanding the underlying pathology and pathophysiology of this disease.

Administration, Topical↗

PubMed1995

Hourglass-shaped visual fields as a sign of bilateral lateral geniculate myelinolysis.

PURPOSE/METHODS: Bilateral visual field defects resembling an hourglass could be produced by bilateral lateral geniculate lesions. We recently encountered such deficits in a 37-year-old woman after an episode of central pontine myelinolysis. RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS: Automated static perimetry demonstrated the congruous visual field defects to involve both halves of the visual field. They were confirmed with kinetic perimetry, and they remained stable for four years. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated enhancing lesions characteristic of myelinolysis in each lateral geniculate.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

[Topographic classification of glaucomatous visual fields].

PURPOSE: To propose a classification of glaucoma visual fields based on affected ganglion cells axons on their way through the optic nerve head. MATERIAL AND METHOD: 255 Octopus 1-2-3 visual fields from glaucoma patients and glaucoma suspected patients were analyzed. Determination coefficients (r(2)) between the 10 points closest to the blind spot and the 73 reminding ones were calculated by linear regression. RESULTS: Significant correlation was found (r(2)>0.33) with very distant points sensitivity related to the ones closer to the optic disc due to the fibers path. Seven areas could be defined by this method: three of them are not affected or latterly affected by the disease: S1 and I1 corresponding to the upper and lower papillo-macular bundle and T, located on the temporal aspect of the blind spot. Areas S2 and L2 correspond to the nasal and para-central upper and lower sensitivities. Areas S3 and I3 are in the border of upper and lower nasal fields where axons enter the optic disc at the apical portion. CONCLUSIONS: There is a relationship between the anatomical arrangement of ganglion cells axons on their way to the optic nerve and topography of glaucoma defects which may justify this proposed classification.

Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological↗