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Results for “multimodal integration”

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PubMed2005

Hyperacute imaging of ischemic stroke: role in therapeutic management.

Ischemic stroke remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Current therapeutic options for acute ischemic stroke include intravenous thrombolysis and endovascular approaches for recanalization of proximal arterial occlusion. The rapid identification of underlying stroke etiology or mechanism may facilitate selection criteria for emergent therapy. Hyperacute imaging plays an integral role in the delineation of stroke pathophysiology and the formulation of rational stroke therapy. Hyperacute imaging of ischemic stroke may demonstrate proximal vascular occlusion, compensatory collateral circulation, residual or collateral tissue perfusion, and the differentiation of ischemic core from penumbral regions. Characterization of the ischemic field, including core and penumbra, with various mismatch models on multimodal computed tomography or MRI may refine current therapeutic strategies for cerebral ischemia. The diagnostic and therapeutic role of hyperacute imaging has emerged as a pivotal component in the evaluation and management of ischemic stroke.

Brain↗

PubMed1998

Ultrafast solvation dynamics explored by femtosecond photon echo spectroscopies.

Chemical reaction and optical dynamics in the liquid phase are strongly affected by specific solute-solvent interactions. The dynamical part of this coupling leads to energy fluctuations. The associated energy gap dynamics can be probed by using various nonlinear optical spectroscopies. We discuss various forms of photon echo--time-integrated, time-gated, and heterodyne-detected photon echo--as well as Fourier transform spectral interferometry. It is shown that for solutions of the dye molecule DTTCI, a system-bath correlation function can be acquired that provides a quantitative description of all (non)linear spectroscopic experiments. The deduced correlation function is projected onto the multimode Brownian oscillator model, which allows for a physical interpretation of the multiple-time correlation function and a determination of the spectral density relevant to the solvation process. The following applications of photon echo to condensed phase dynamics are discussed: enhanced vibrational mode suppression, Liouville pathways interference, and dynamical Stokes shift. Recent results of echo-peak shift experiments on the hydrated electron are also presented. The review concludes that photon echo should be useful as a novel tool to explore transition state dynamics.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2004

Validation of prospective whole-body bone marrow dosimetry by SPECT/CT multimodality imaging in (131)I-anti-CD20 rituximab radioimmunotherapy of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

PURPOSE: Radioimmunotherapy (RIT) for relapsed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is emerging as a promising treatment strategy. Myelosuppression is the dose-limiting toxicity and may be particularly problematic in patients heavily pretreated with chemotherapy. Reliable dosimetry is likely to minimise toxicity and improve treatment efficacy, and the aim of this study was to elucidate the complex problems of dosimetry of RIT by using an integrated SPECT/CT system. METHODS: As a part of a clinical trial of (131)I-anti-CD20 rituximab RIT of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, we employed a patient-specific prospective dosimetry method utilising the whole-body effective half-life of antibody and the patient's ideal weight to calculate the administered activity for RIT corresponding to a prescribed radiation absorbed dose of 0.75 Gy to the whole body. A novel technique of quantitation of bone marrow uptake with hybrid SPECT/CT imaging was developed to validate this methodology by using post-RIT extended imaging and data collection. RESULTS: A strong, statistically significant correlation (p=0.001) between whole-body effective half-life of antibody and effective marrow half-life was demonstrated. Furthermore, it was found that bone marrow activity concentration was proportional to administered activity per unit weight, height or body surface area (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: The results of this study show the proposed whole-body dosimetry method to be valid and clinically applicable for safe, effective RIT.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

Radiosurgery for residual or recurrent nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma.

OBJECT: Nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas comprise approximately 30% of all pituitary tumors. The purpose of this retrospective study is to evaluate the efficacy and role of gamma knife radiosurgery (GKS) in the management of residual or recurrent nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas. METHODS: A review was conducted of the data obtained in 42 patients who underwent adjuvant GKS at the University of Pittsburgh between 1987 and 2001. Prior treatments included transsphenoidal resection, craniotomy and resection, or conventional radiotherapy. Endocrinological, ophthalmological, and radiological responses were evaluated. The duration of follow-up review varied from 6 to 102 months (mean 31.2 months). Fifteen patients were observed for more than 40 months. The mean radiation dose to the tumor margin was 16 Gy. Conformal radiosurgery planning was used to restrict the dose to the optic nerve and chiasm. Tumor control after GKS was achieved in 100% of patients with microadenomas and 97% of patients with macroadenomas. Gamma knife radiosurgery was equally effective in controlling adenomas with cavernous sinus invasion and suprasellar extension. No patient developed a new endocrinological deficiency following GKS. One patient's tumor enlarged with an associated decline in visual function. Another patient experienced a deterioration of visual fields despite a decrease in tumor size. CONCLUSIONS: Gamma knife radiosurgery can achieve tumor control in virtually all residual or recurrent nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas. Dose sparing facilitates tumor management even when the adenoma is close to the optic apparatus or invades the cavernous sinus.

Adenoma↗

PubMed2004

A novel triple-modality reporter gene for whole-body fluorescent, bioluminescent, and nuclear noninvasive imaging.

Two genetic reporter systems were developed for multimodality reporter gene imaging of different molecular-genetic processes using fluorescence, bioluminescence (BLI), and nuclear imaging techniques. The eGFP cDNA was fused at the N-terminus with HSV1-tk cDNA bearing a nuclear export signal from MAPKK (NES-HSV1-tk) or with truncation at the N-terminus of the first 45 amino acids (Delta45HSV1-tk) and with firefly luciferase at the C-terminus. A single fusion protein with three functional subunits is formed following transcription and translation from a single open reading frame. The NES-TGL (NES-TGL) or Delta45HSV1-tk/GFP/luciferase (Delta45-TGL) triple-fusion gene cDNAs were cloned into a MoMLV-based retrovirus, which was used for transduction of U87 human glioma cells. The integrity, fluorescence, bioluminescence, and enzymatic activity of the TGL reporter proteins were assessed in vitro. The predicted molecular weight of the fusion proteins (~130 kDa) was confirmed by western blot. The U87-NES-TGL and U87-Delta45-TGL cells had cytoplasmic green fluorescence. The in vitro BLI was 7- and 13-fold higher in U87-NES-TGL and U87-Delta45-TGL cells compared to nontransduced control cells. The Ki of (14)C-FIAU was 0.49+/-0.02, 0.51+/-0.03, and 0.003+/-0.001 ml/min/g in U87-NES-TGL, U87-Delta45-TGL, and wild-type U87 cells, respectively. Multimodality in vivo imaging studies were performed in nu/ nu mice bearing multiple s.c. xenografts established from U87-NES-TGL, U87-Delta45-TGL, and wild-type U87 cells. BLI was performed after administration of d-luciferin (150 mg/kg i.v.). Gamma camera or PET imaging was conducted at 2 h after i.v. administration of [(131)I]FIAU (7.4 MBq/animal) or [(124)I]FIAU (7.4 MBq/animal), respectively. Whole-body fluorescence imaging was performed in parallel with the BLI and radiotracer imaging studies. In vivo BLI and gamma camera imaging showed specific localization of luminescence and radioactivity to the TGL transduced xenografts with background levels of activity in the wild-type xenografts. Tissue sampling yielded values of 0.47%+/-0.08%, 0.86%+/-0.06%, and 0.03%+/-0.01%dose/g [(131)I]FIAU in U87-NES-TGL, U87-Delta45-TGL, and U87 xenografts, respectively. The TGL triple-fusion reporter gene preserves the functional activity of its subunits and is very effective for multimodality imaging. It provides for the seamless transition from fluorescence microscopy and FACS to whole-body bioluminescence imaging, to nuclear (PET, SPET, gamma camera) imaging, and back to in situ fluorescence image analysis.

Animals↗

PubMed2004

A compactly integrated laser-induced fluorescence detector for microchip electrophoresis.

A simple and easy-to-use integrated laser-induced fluorescence detector for microchip electrophoresis was constructed and evaluated. The fluid channels and optical fiber channels in the glass microchip were fabricated using standard photolithographic techniques and wet chemical etching. A 473 nm diode-pumped laser was used as the excitation source, and the collimation and collection optics and mirrors were discarded by using a multimode optical fiber to couple the excitation light straight into the microchannel and placing the microchip directly on the top of the photomultiplier tube. A combination of filter systems was incorporated into a poly(dimethylsiloxane) layer, which was reversibly sealed to the bottom of the microchip to eliminate the scattering excitation light reaching to the photomultiplier tube. Fluorescein/calcein samples were taken as model analytes to evaluate the performance with respect to design factors. The detection limits were 0.05 microM for fluorescein and 0.18 microM for calcein, respectively. The suitability of this simple detector for fluorescence detection was demonstrated by baseline separation of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled arginine, phenylalanine, and glycine and FITC within 30 s at separation length of 3.8 cm and electrical field strength of 600 V/cm.

Amino Acids↗

PubMed2026

High-Content CRISPR Screening: Methods and Applications.

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9 screening has become a central technology in functional genomics, enabling genome-scale interrogation via pooled perturbations. Early CRISPR screens employed survival or simple phenotypic readouts to identify essential genes and drug resistance mechanisms. However, as biological questions have shifted toward understanding regulatory networks, cellular heterogeneity, and context-dependent gene functions, there has been increasing demand for screening strategies capable of capturing complex cellular phenotypes beyond cell fitness. Recent advances in single-cell sequencing, high-content imaging, and spatial transcriptomics have expanded the resolution of CRISPR screening by enabling multidimensional phenotypic characterization following genetic perturbation. By integrating pooled perturbations with diverse readouts, these approaches systematically map targeted gene edits to transcriptional states, cellular phenotypes, and microenvironmental contexts. Meanwhile, innovations in library design, delivery, and computational pipelines have further improved the robustness and interpretability of high-content screening platforms. This review synthesizes the methodological evolution of CRISPR screening, emphasizing advances in perturbation strategies, delivery systems, and multimodal readouts. Representative applications spanning oncology, immunotherapy, developmental biology, neurobiology, and infectious diseases are delineated to demonstrate refined gene network annotations. Additionally, existing technical bottlenecks, such as scalability, cost constraints, and in vivo limitations, are critically assessed. Finally, future directions are proposed to facilitate the development of precise medicine.

CRISPR screening↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Multimodality cardiovascular image segmentation using a deformable contour model.

An automatic segmentation method has been developed for cardiovascular multimodality imaging. A "snake" model based on a curve shaping and an energy-minimizing process is used to detect blood-wall interfaces on Cine-CT, MRI and ultrasound images. Deformation of a reduced set of contour points was made according to a discretized global, regional and local minimum energy criterion. A continuous regional optimization process was also integrated into the deformation model, it takes into account a cubic spline interpolation and adaptive regularity constraints. The constraints provided rapid convergence toward a final contour position by successively stopping spline segments.

Algorithms↗

PubMed1986

Visual, auditory, and somatosensory convergence on cells in superior colliculus results in multisensory integration.

Convergence of inputs from different sensory modalities onto individual neurons is a phenomenon that occurs widely throughout the brain at many phyletic levels and appears to represent a basic neural mechanism by which an organism integrates complex environmental stimuli. In the present study, neurons in the superior colliculus (SC) were used as a model to examine how single neurons deal with simultaneous cues from different sensory modalities (e.g., visual, auditory, somatosensory). The functional result of multisensory convergence on an individual cell was determined by comparing the responses evoked from it by a combined-modality (multimodal) stimulus with those elicited by each (unimodal) component of that stimulus presented alone. Superior colliculus cells exhibited profound changes in their activity when individual sensory stimuli were combined. These "multisensory interactions" were found to be widespread among deep laminae cells and fell into one of two functional categories: response enhancement, characterized by a significant increase in the number of discharges evoked; and response depression, characterized by a significant decrease in the discharges elicited. Multisensory response interactions most often reflected a multiplicative, rather than summative, change in activity. Their absolute magnitude varied from cell to cell and, when stimulus conditions were altered, within the same cell. However, the percentage change of enhanced interactions was generally inversely related to the vigor of the responses that could be evoked by presenting each unimodal stimulus alone and suggest that the potential for response amplification was greatest when responses evoked by individual stimuli were weakest. The majority of cells exhibiting multi-sensory characteristics were demonstrated to have descending efferent projections and thus had access to premotor and motor areas of the brain stem and spinal cord involved in SC-mediated attentive and orientation behaviors. These data show that multisensory convergence provides the descending efferent cells of the SC with a dynamic response character. The responses of these cells and the SC-mediated behaviors that they underlie need not be immutably tied to the presence of any single stimulus, but can vary in response to the particular complex of stimuli present in the environment at any given moment.

Afferent Pathways↗

PubMed1999

Speech perception in perceivers with hearing loss: synergy of multiple modalities.

Although we would expect that the role of visible speech in multimodal speech perception would have the greatest relevance to individuals with hearing impairment, relatively few analytic studies have been done with these participants. Their adequate understanding of spoken language usually requires information from several modalities or other sources of information. The framework of the fuzzy logical model of perception (FLMP) is used to assess how individuals with hearing impairment evaluate and integrate multiple sources of information. Given this framework, a distinction can be made between information and information processing. Within this framework, we can ask what information differences and information-processing differences exist among individuals with normal hearing and those with hearing impairment. Four experimental studies from the literature are analyzed to address these questions. Test items are presented under both unimodal and bimodal conditions. Of central interest is the nature of the bimodal performance as a function of the unimodal performance. The findings show that, although information differences obviously exist across different populations, their information processing involved in pattern recognition appears to be the same and is well described by the FLMP.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2026

BriGHT: transcriptome-regularized multimodal neuroimaging for brain disorder prediction.

MOTIVATION: Hypergraph-based models for brain disorder prediction mainly adopt imaging-derived hypergraphs as propagation backbones. However, the entanglement of topology construction and feature propagation leaves regional representations weakly constrained by underlying biological organization, making them vulnerable to subject-specific variation and noise, particularly in heterogeneous multimodal settings. RESULTS: We present BriGHT, a Brain transcriptome-reGularized Hypergraph framework for mulTimodal disorder prediction. BriGHT employs a transcriptome-derived structural reference as a soft anchoring prior to regularize neuroimaging ROI embeddings, stabilizing representation geometry while preserving disease-relevant subject-specific variation. BriGHT further incorporates a reliability-aware fusion module to estimate subject-specific modality reliability from prediction confidence, cross-modal consistency, and decision certainty, enabling adaptive integration under heterogeneous modality quality. Experiments on three neuroimaging cohorts (ADNI, ADHD-200, REST-meta-MDD) and four modalities (VBM, fMRI, FDG, AV45) demonstrate that BriGHT consistently outperforms competing graph/hypergraph learning methods across six brain disorder prediction tasks. Perturbation analyses show that BriGHT benefits from the spatial correspondence between transcriptomic modules and imaging ROIs, rather than from arbitrary hypergraph regularization alone. Ablation and meta-analytic interpretability analyses support the contribution of transcriptomic anchoring and adaptive fusion to robust and biologically meaningful brain disorder prediction. AVAILABILITY: The software is publicly available at: https://github.com/Yaolab-fantastic/BriGHT. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1998

Early integration of retinal and extra-retinal information: recent results and hypotheses.

This review aims at highlighting and discussing some recent neurophysiological and psychological findings and hypotheses about early cortical integration of visual and extra-retinal information which is involved in the stability of visual perception in spite of the change of body orientation and distance to objects and eye movements. Within this framework, the possible role of some cortical and cortico-thalamic loops between earlier and later stages of visual processing is also emphasized. A complete study of multimodal processing is beyond the scope of this review.

Animals↗

PubMed2001

[Prospects and future: evolution of stereotactic methodology for planning].

We have been using the stereotactic methodology of Talairach for Linac radiosurgery of cerebral arteriovenous malformations since 1984, and updated it with addition of CT and MR images into the stereotactic space. The target remains defined, as in most other centers, by stereotactic angiography. However, tridimensional configuration of cerebral arteriovenous malformations is better defined using MR or CT-angiography. Therefore, pre-radiosurgical imaging tends to combine multimodal images oriented into the stereotactic space. Frame-based radiosurgery, with invasive frame placement, will be replaced in the future by frameless irradiation with real-time tracking of the patients head, as performed by the recently described Cyber-knife. Intraoperative X-ray will be no longer long-distance fixed equipments but mobile, short-distance fluoroscopic systems integrated in the surgical workstation environment. Finally, biplane conventional angiography performed for cerebral arteriovenous malformations identification will be replaced by CT and MR-angiography, except in some cases who could still require DSA for accurate target identification.

Algorithms↗

PubMed1975

Integration in the crayfish antennal neuropile: topographic representation and multiple-channel coding of mechanoreceptive submodalities.

(1) Response patterns of interneuron populations in the antennal neuropile of the crayfish have been investigated by extracellular recordings made with a single electrode. Mechanical stimuli of the antennae are divided into submodalities and topographically represented. The submodalities include large movements of the entire antenna, directional aspects of movements and vibrations, and vibratory stimulation up to click repetition rates of 100. (2) Interneuron output is always patterned, ranging from simple bimodal types to complex multimodal patterns that extend over 40 msec. The interneuron output is "noisy" due to short- and long-term fluctuations in sensitivity producing temporal fluctuations in both output probability and output patterns. The response latencies both within and between populations cluster around several fixed latencies. (3) The axons of a group of neurons, sensitive to the same submodality, are located together and consequently can be recorded with a single electrode. Responses from the interneurons composing a population are similar in response to nonoptimal stimulation, but are synchronized and of high probability to optimal stimulation.

Animals↗

PubMed2005

Hemispheric integrative therapy in Landau-Kleffner syndrome: applications for rehabilitation sciences.

A case study is presented of a 14-year-old right-handed Caucasian female diagnosed with the Landau-Kleffner Syndrome (LKS) at the age 3 1/2 years. Her LKS symptoms presented with abrupt disruption in language after normal development, electroencephalogram (EEG) brain-wave abnormality, seizure activity, inability to read, and impairment in her motor skills. After 11 years of pharmacological and special education interventions with no significant improvement in any measurable area of function, a multimodal approach using techniques purportedly aimed at facilitating inter-hemispheric communication was provided. At completion of the program, EEG was controlled, reading, language, and auditory processing improved and objective behavioral-social measures improved significantly.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Radiotherapy for breast cancer in countries with limited resources: program implementation and evidence-based recommendations.

Radiotherapy is an essential part of the multimodality treatment of breast cancer. Applying safe and effective treatment requires appropriate facilities, staff, and equipment, as well as support systems, initiation of treatment without undue delay, geographic accessibility, and completion of radiotherapy without undue prolongation of the overall treatment time. Radiotherapy can be delivered with a cobalt-60 unit or a linear accelerator (linac). In early stage breast cancer, radiotherapy is an integral part of breast-conserving treatment. Standard treatment includes irradiation of the entire breast for several weeks, followed by a boost to the tumor bed in women age 50 years or younger or those with close surgical margins. Mastectomy is an appropriate treatment for many patients. Postmastectomy irradiation with proper techniques substantially decreases local recurrences and improves survival in patients with positive axillary lymph nodes. It is also considered for patients with negative nodes if they have multiple adverse features such as a primary tumor larger than 2 cm, unsatisfactory surgical margins, and lymphovascular invasion. Many patients present with locally advanced or inoperable breast cancer. Their initial treatment is by systemic therapy; after responding to systemic therapy, most will require a modified radical mastectomy followed by radiotherapy. For those patients in whom mastectomy is still not possible after initial systemic therapy, breast and regional irradiation is given, followed whenever possible by mastectomy. For patients with distant metastases, irradiation may provide relief of symptoms such as pain, bleeding, ulceration, and lymphedema. A single fraction of irradiation can effectively relieve pain from bone metastases. Radiotherapy is also effective in the palliation of symptoms secondary to metastases in the brain, lungs, and other sites. Radiotherapy is important in the treatment of women with breast cancer of all stages. In developing countries, it is required for almost all women with the disease and should therefore be available.

Breast Neoplasms↗

PubMed2004

Performance analysis of a multimode waveguide-based optical disk readout system.

We propose a method to improve the optical resolution to read out optical disks, without making the spot size on the disk smaller than the diffraction limit. The idea is to reconstruct the bit pattern from the complete field profile (including amplitude and phase) of the light reflected from the disk. We measure the phase and amplitude information by picking up the wave front into different modes of a bimodal waveguide. Once picked up, these modes can be split by a photonic integrated circuit to be measured by separate detectors. By combining the information from the responses from the different modes, we can improve the bit error rate substantially.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2005

Toward an integrated profile of depression: evidence from the brain resource international database.

Clinical depression is one of the most common psychiatric disorders in adults, yet non-clinical depression in the community may go unnoticed, despite high prevalence rates and significant psychosocial impairment. The aim of the current study was to classify 1,226 individuals from a community sample on the basis of depression scores (using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales, DASS) and to determine whether depression in a non-clinical sample differed significantly from healthy controls on a profile of multimodal measures. The data analyzed in this study included personality, emotional intelligence, cognition and psychophysiology. It was predicted that non-clinically depressed participants would differ from healthy controls on measures of personality (increased neuroticism; decreased extraversion), emotional intelligence (decreased), cognition (impairments in executive dysfunction and memory impairment), psychophysiology (increased resting-state, right-frontal activation; diminished skin conductance) after controlling for gender, age, handedness and years of education. Findings provide support for the majority of hypotheses, though no evidence was found for memory impairment or frontal hemispheric asymmetry. Longitudinal studies are needed to determine the extent to which of these findings will have utility for the prediction of depression onset and treatment response/non-response.

Adult↗