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At least 667 records · Page 37Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Comparison of ciprofloxacin with polymyxin B for infection prophylaxis in neutropenic patients with acute non-lymphocytic leukemia].

Twenty-four neutropenic patients receiving intensive chemotherapy for acute non-lymphocytic leukemia were studied in a randomized trial comparing ciprofloxacin with polymyxin B for prevention of infections. Both groups (12 patients each group) received amphotericin B for antifungal prophylaxis. 20 febrile episodes occurred in 22 courses of oral prophylactic ciprofloxacin and 22 occurred in 24 courses of oral prophylactic polymyxin B. Patients receiving ciprofloxacin had a mean time to the first infection-related febrile episode of 7.2 days, compared with 4.3 days for the polymyxin B group (p less than 0.01). Patients receiving ciprofloxacin also had fewer days of fever (average 6.5 days versus 9.8 days for the polymyxin B group, p less than 0.02). Duration of administration of parental antibiotics were also shorter in the ciprofloxacin group (p less than 0.001). Although modifications of the empiric antibiotic regimen were required more frequent in patients receiving polymyxin B, this did not reach statistical significance. These results suggest that ciprofloxacin is a more efficacious oral antimicrobial agent than polymyxin B for the prevention of infections in neutropenic patients with acute non-lymphocytic leukemia.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1990

Effect of corticosteroids on airway hyperresponsiveness.

Bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) and asthma symptoms are linked to chronic inflammation in the airway. Corticosteroids reduce BHR and asthma symptoms and, although their precise mode of action is not yet certain, it is likely that they suppress the allergic inflammatory response. They may act on macrophages, eosinophils, lymphocytes, and airway microvascular leak to inhibit the late response and BHR that follows allergen exposure, whereas chronic administration may also reduce the number of mast cells in airways to decrease the immediate response to allergen and exercise. In view of the safety of administration, inhaled corticosteroids should be considered as first line therapy for chronic asthma, with the aim of suppressing inflammation and reducing the need for bronchodilator therapy.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1990

Use of topical corticosteroids in the treatment of childhood asthma.

Various aspects of topical corticosteroids in the treatment of childhood asthma are reviewed: indications, application and bioavailability, dosing schedules, clinical efficacy, effects on non-specific bronchial hyperresponsiveness, bronchial reactions after allergen challenge, and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction, as well as possible side effects such as the influences on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis or growth and other potentially harmful actions. It was concluded that topical corticosteroids are very beneficial in the treatment of moderate-to-severe childhood asthma and that the risk of side effects can be neglected when the required doses for most patients are used.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of N-acetylneuraminic acid on respiratory tract secretion and inflammation in the bronchitic rabbit.

Long-term exposure of rabbits to SO2 gas caused the following changes in the respiratory tract system: decreases in the respiratory rate and pO2 blood level; an increase in the viscosity of sputum associated with increases in protein, unsaturated phosphatidylethanolamine and sphingomyelin; subacute rhinitis, tracheitis and multiple bronchopneumonia. Pretreatment with repeated administrations (inhalations) of N-acetylneuraminic acid remarkably prevented these inflammatory changes. The significance of this finding is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Corticosteroid--effects of beclomethasone dipropionate 800 micrograms/day].

The effects of beclomethasone dipropionate (BD) 800 micrograms on steroid-dependent adult asthmatics were examined. The study consisted of two groups; 20 patients on 800 micrograms and another 20 patients on 400 micrograms. In addition, 800 micrograms was administered to an additional 12 patients receiving 400 micrograms with insufficient effects. After two weeks of observation period, BD was administered for 12 weeks, and its effects adverse reactions were analyzed on the basis of asthma patients' diary etc. As the results, effects appeared earlier in the 800 micrograms group than in the 400 micrograms group and marked efficacy was seen. The 800 micrograms group was much better than the 400 micrograms group in the achievement of weaning from or of dose reduction of systemic steroid. A significant increase of serum cortisol levels which was considered to be due to the decrease of the systemic steroid usage was noted. Considerable efficacy was also observed in patients whose dosage had been increased from 400 micrograms to 800 micrograms. High dose administration usually increases topical side effects such as hoarseness and stomatitis, however the use of spacers was effective in the prophylaxis and treatment of those symptoms.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1990

[Cytogenetic effect of pesticides in relation to their hygienic standardization].

Cytogenetic activity of 7 pesticides from various chemical classes was studied on mice bone marrow cells. 6 substances produced a mutagenic effect of different degrees of severity. The dependence of cytogenetic activity on the path, duration of administration into the organism and terms of cell fixation was stated. Hygienic standards and regulations for the production and use of the studied pesticides were developed with regard for the data obtained. The mutagenic effect appeared to be a limiting criterion of harmfulness for 2 substances in the substantiation of their MACs in the air of occupational area.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1989

[Sulfidopeptide leukotrienes and asthma].

The role of sulfidopeptide leukotrienes in asthma alone or in association with other mediators is still debated. Sulfidopeptide leukotrienes (s-LT) C4, D4 and E4 are 5-lipoxygenase derivatives of membrane arachidonic acid. All s-LT contract bronchial smooth muscle in vitro and provoke an acute bronchial obstruction in vivo in both healthy and asthmatic subjects. Numerous cells, including mast cells, alveolar macrophages, polynuclear basophils and eosinophils, are capable of secreting s-LT following such diverse stimuli as allergen exposure, platelet activating factor and calcium ionophore A 23187. In addition to constricting bronchial smooth muscle, s-LT promote the occurrence of mucosal oedema increase micro-vascular permeability in the bronchial wall, and cause hypersecretion of mucus by tracheo-bronchial glands. These effects lead to worsening of airways obstruction. s-LT increase non specific bronchial hyper-responsiveness. Clinical trials aiming to test the efficacy of new anti-leukotrienes are currently under way. In general these products have a real antagonistic effect on exogenous s-LT. Their efficacy vis-a-vis other types of stimulus such as allergens, histamine and exercise does not seem to be constant and depends largely on the composition and perhaps the route of administration (inhaled versus oral). The contribution of s-LT as part of the therapeutic arsenal for the long term treatment of asthma remains to be established.

Asthma↗
PubMed1989

[Characteristics of the carcinogenic effect of benzo(a)pyrene after its combined intake and the problems of its standardization in the environment].

During the experiments on 952 white random-bred mice a scale of benz(a)pyrene (BP) doses from 10 to 0.0001 mg was studied under isolated peroral, intratracheal and complex effect. Dose-time relationship of carcinogenic effect was described. It was demonstrated that for large doses complex intake of carcinogens was determined by the effect of taking antilogarithms and for threshold doses by independent action. It was concluded that MAC for BP under complex effect should not exceed the sum of its earlier established admissible concentrations for atmospheric air and water reservoirs.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1989

Pentamidine.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1989

[Treatment efficacy in destructive forms of pulmonary tuberculosis in relation to the methods of administering rifadin and isoniazid].

The efficacy was studied of 130 patients with freshly detected destructive forms of pulmonary tuberculosis depending on the method of administration of rifadin and isoniazid. Treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis was realized with rifadin, isoniazid and streptomycin. Three groups of patients were distinguished. In group I rifadin and isoniazide was taken orally, in group II--rifadin was administered orally and intrabronchially, isoniazid--orally. In group III rifadin was orally and intrabronchially, isoniazid--intravenously. The treatment was more effective with combined administration of rifadin and intravenous administration of isoniazid.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1988

Comparative tolerability of two formulations of Rhinalar (flunisolide) nasal spray in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis.

This double-blind, randomized, crossover study compared the incidence of nasal burning and stinging, as well as overall tolerability of the currently marketed formulation of Rhinalar (original formulation) to a new formulation of Rhinalar containing less propylene glycol. In addition, patient and investigator subjective evaluations were used to compare the effectiveness of the test medications in controlling the nasal symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis. A total of 122 patients were enrolled in this 4-week trial. Each patient received one formulation of Rhinalar for 2 weeks and then crossed over to receive the alternate formulation for an additional 2 weeks. Eighteen patients withdrew from the trial prematurely. Ten patients were lost to follow-up and eight withdrew due to side effects and/or inadequate therapeutic response. Statistical comparisons of patient evaluations of nasal burning and stinging with the two formulations of Rhinalar showed a very significant difference in terms of severity (P less than .001), duration (P less than .001), and tolerability (P = .006) in favour of the new formulation. A reduction in severity of throat irritation with the new formulation was also shown to be statistically significant (P = .006). Nausea, headache, and other side effects including watery eyes, taste perversion, and runny nose were seldom reported with either test medication. Both formulations were shown to be equally effective in relieving the nasal symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis. The considerable reduction in nasal burning and stinging and throat irritation with the new formulation of Rhinalar was shown to enhance patient acceptability and may lead to better compliance.

Administration, Inhalation↗