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At least 667 records · Page 37Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Body image and psychological sequelae of silicone breast explantation: preliminary findings.

Twenty-two breast explantation (implant removal) and 20 cholecystectomy patients were assessed preoperatively and postoperatively and compared with 20 nonsurgical control subjects on several body-image measures, depression, self-esteem, and self-reported health status. Explantation patients had higher breast anxiety and upper torso dissatisfaction than either control group and levels were unaffected by implant removal. The discrepancy between self-rated ideal and current breast size increased substantially after implant removal for the explantation group, but did not change for controls. Overall appearance satisfaction level and positive appearance-related cognitions decreased as a function of surgery for explantation patients, but remained unchanged in cholecystectomy and nonsurgical controls. Depression levels were elevated in explantation patients and did not change as a function of surgery; self-reported health status level improved for the explantation group, but levels still remained below those of both control groups after explantation. Therapeutic indications for the elevated depression levels and unique body-image issues that patients undergoing explantation experience are discussed.

Anxiety↗
PubMed1979

Cognitive, self-concept, and body image measures of normal, cleft palate, and obese adolescents.

Using discriminant function analyses, this study attempted to establish linear combinations of variables that would identify group membership correctly. Groups of normal (N = 100), cleft palate (N = 51), and obese (N = 22) adolescents responded to measures of cognitive sytle and structure, body image, and self-concept. Linear combinations of congitive measures were not effective in differentiating group membership. Body image measures, in combination, clearly distinguished obese adolescents from the other two groups. A linear combination of self-concept measures differentiated adolescents with clefts from normals, with the former group having a pattern of higher self-esteem and lower perceived acceptability by their parents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Body image and eating behavior in adolescents.

Approximately two-thirds of adolescent girls at any age are dissatisfied with their weight, the proportion increasing with actual weight. Slightly more than half of all girls are dissatisfied with the shape of their bodies, an attitude which also is positively correlated with body weight. Girls are most likely to be distressed about excess size of their thighs, hips, waist and buttocks, and inadequate size of their breasts. Those who are dissatisfied with their bodies are more likely to engage in potentially harmful weight control behaviors, such as dieting, fasting, self-induced vomiting, diuretic use, laxative use and diet pill use. Those who diet are more likely to begin in early adolescence, to be white than black, to be of higher socioeconomic status, to engage in other eating-related practices and to have a poor body image and self esteem. Boys who are underweight are most likely to be dissatisfied with their weight and many with normal weight wish to weigh more. Approximately one-third of boys are dissatisfied with their body shape, desiring larger upper arms, chest and shoulders. Dieting and purging are less likely than exercise to be chosen by boys as methods of weight control. Dieting among boys is more likely to be associated with increased body weight and some sports, such as wrestling. Body consciousness and altered body image are widespread among adolescents, and may be associated with potentially harmful eating practices in both sexes, but more so in girls.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Children's nutritional judgments: relation to eating attitudes and body image.

To determine if middle school students use simplified cognitive heuristics with regard to nutritional judgments, a sample of 136 sixth and seventh grade students responded to a series of questions about nutrition, eating attitudes, and body image. Evidence for simplified strategies was obtained. Approximately 50% of the students showed dose insensitivity (i.e., something harmful in large amounts should be avoided in small amounts) and categorical thinking (i.e., foods are either good or bad). Further, 16% of participants selected a fat-free diet as the healthiest. Higher scores on the measure of disordered eating attitudes (Maloney, McGuire, & Daniels, 1988) were associated with stronger endorsement of dose insensitivity and low- or fat-free diets. No relation between body image dissatisfaction and nutritional judgments was found. Educators continue to need to better understand what leads individuals to adopt the cognitive heuristics of dose insensitivity and categorical thinking that can lead to inaccurate nutritional judgments and to address these mistakes in nutritional information programs. Researchers also need to determine if these judgments are reflected in actual dietary behaviors.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Personality characteristics, body image and social attitudes of organ transplant donors versus nondonors.

Thirty adults willing their body at death to medical science were compared on a number of personality variables with 30 nondonors, both groups equated for age, education, and socioeconomic status. Donors are internally directed, masters of their fate; nondonors rely on chance or luck to explain outcome. A more definite body image characterizes donors while nondonors are more concerned about body integrity. Donors accept their mortality while nondonors worry more about death. At the fantasy level donors display more hostility, depression, and guilt, and the prospective act of donation may represent an attempt at atonement. Donation represents a convenient and socially acceptable outlet for expression of humanitarian needs by donors.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Self-assessment of profile and body image among orthognathic surgery patients before and two years after surgery.

Ninety patients undergoing surgery at two major university hospitals completed self-ratings of their profile, perceived deviations from the ideal profile, and a measure of body image. Identical measures were obtained presurgically and two years following surgery. Patients diagnosed with mandibular hypoplasia perceived themselves significantly more prognathic on the maxillary dimension and most retrognathic on the mandibular dimension; their self-drawings reflected a shorter vertical dimension. These perceptions approached the normal range at the postsurgical assessment. Patients treated for maxillary hypoplasia, however, rated themselves in the mandibular prognathic range both before and after surgery. These patients were also more likely to perceive other deviations from the ideal in their facial features 2 years after surgical correction. Body image did not differentiate among diagnostic categories, but showed overall improvements for all patients from presurgery to postsurgery. Profile drawings appear to be the most statistically and clinically useful method of determining patients' self-assessments of deviations from normal, and their perceptions of treatment needs.

Body Image↗
PubMed1993

MRI and determination of T1 and T2 of solid polymers using a 1.5 T whole-body imager.

Spin-echo sequences with echo times as short as 3.5 msec were implemented on a standard 1.5 T NMR whole-body imager for 1H imaging of polymers in the solid-state. No modification of the NMR hardware designed for clinical usage was made. Beside images of different polymers a "self-portrait" of the polymeric materials of the receiver coil is given as a neat application. Based on imaging experiments the longitudinal and transverse relaxation time of polymers were investigated. The results indicate that using a standard whole-body imager, it is possible to provide additional information to other examination techniques in polymer and materials science.

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy↗
PubMed2000

Self-perception of breath odor: role of body image and psychopathologic traits.

Oral malodor is a common complaint in Western society and is an important reason why adults seek dental counsel. In the present study, an attempt was made to evaluate the contribution of psychopathologic traits and of body-image char acteristics on participants' self-perception of breath odor. 60 participants without any specific complaint concerning breath odor (55% men: M age 35.5 yr., SD= 10) were evaluated. Variables included self-evaluation of participants' own breath odor (gener ally and current), an organoleptic evaluation of an impartial judge of odor, measurement of the volatile sulfide level in the oral cavity, and questionnaires referring to psychopathologic symptoms and body-image characteristics. Stepwise regression analysis showed that in addition to impartial measurements, self-perception of breath odor among noncomplaining subjects can be predicted by their feelings and attitudes toward the body and by their hostility.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Spanish version of the Gardner body image validation scale in patients with eating behavior disorders].

This study reports the Spanish version of a new scale for the assessment of body image, developed by Gardner, Stark, Jackson and Friedman (1999). A silhouette method was used as a self-evaluation measure of schematic ideal body size within three groups of women: anorexia nervosa (n= 57), bulimia nervosa (n=57) and normal control (n=168). The results showed that, considering the body mass index as covariant of the results, the clinical groups formed by anorexic and bulimic patients judged their current body size as significantly greater than the control group. In the same way, the clinical groups judged their ideal body size significantly thinner than that considered by the control group. We can conclude that this scale for assessment is a sensitive psychometrical measure of the body image.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Body image, self-esteem, and depression in burn-injured adolescents and young adults.

The present study was conducted to clarify the effects of burn-related variables (specifically, age at time of burn, years elapsed since burn, locus of burn, and percent of total body surface area burned), demographics, and perceived social support variables on psychological adjustment after injury within a well-defined sample. Subjects were 121 patients, currently 14 to 27 years old, burned within the past 10 years. They completed the following: Semantic Differential Measure of Body Image, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, Perceived Social Inventory--Friends, and Perceived Social Inventory--Family. The mean age of the subjects was 17.8 years; the mean percent total body surface area burned was 27.3%, with 75% of the subjects having burns on a visible or socially sensitive area. Correlational and multiple regression analyses showed that subjects perceiving more social support (friends more than family) had more positive body images (p less than 0.01), greater self-esteem (p less than 0.01), and less depression (p less than 0.01) than others, with a significant impact from difference in subjects' gender.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Women's sexual behavior, body image and satisfaction with surgical outcomes after hysterectomy: a comparison of vaginal and abdominal surgery.

The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of vaginal and abdominal hysterectomy on women's sexual behavior, sexual dysfunction, body image and satisfaction with surgery. A prospective study was conducted on 90 women to evaluate the outcomes of hysterectomy. Data were collected prior to surgery, three months and two years after surgery, using self-report questionnaires. The results showed significant differences in women's sexual behavior and sexual dysfunction before and after hysterectomy, independent of the surgical procedure performed. Women in both groups reported improvements in sexual desire, sexual activity and sexual intercourse three months and two years after surgery. Sexual dysfunction such as dyspareunia, vaginismus, lack of orgasm and loss of sexual interest diminished significantly after surgery. Regression analyses revealed that postmenopausal status, severity of gynecological complaints and frequency of sexual intercourse were the most important factors for improved sexual outcomes. Women in the abdominal group were dissatisfied with their body image because of the abdominal scar, experienced more pain and had a longer period of recovery from surgery compared to women in the vaginal group. According to the results, sexual behavior alone is not an important factor in choosing vaginal or abdominal hysterectomy. However, sexual behavior was important in both groups when evaluating outcomes after hysterectomy.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1987

Tattoos, body experience, and body image boundary among violent male offenders.

The author compared a measure of body image boundary and medically significant bodily experiences between 21 tattooed and 24 nontattooed men incarcerated for violent crimes. Although the tattooed and nontattooed subjects had no significant differences in their body boundary concepts or most other bodily experiences, the tattooed men were found to have a different distribution of scars on their bodies. Upon more detailed examination, it seemed that these different distributions could be explained by the observation that the tattooed subjects were the only ones with self-inflicted cuts. This finding further supports the notion that tattoos, despite their ostensibly decorative quality, may be a form of self-mutilation.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Effects of exposure to information about appearance stereotyping and discrimination on women's body images.

OBJECTIVE: There is widespread public dissemination of research findings and media messages regarding social advantages of physical attractiveness and liabilities of unattractiveness. The purpose of this experimental study was to determine the effects of such information on women's body-image experiences. METHOD: College women (n = 66) listened to one of two audiotapes that detailed research-based information either on the subject of appearance stereotyping and discrimination or on the control topic of television violence and aggression. RESULTS: Although the two conditions did not differentially alter mood, exposure to appearance-related versus control information produced significantly less favorable body-image evaluations. Furthermore, as predicted, women who were schematically invested in their physical appearance were especially susceptible to the deleterious effects of the appearance information. DISCUSSION: The scientific and clinical implications of these findings were discussed, particularly with respect to eating disturbances.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Gender differences in body image and health perceptions among graduating seniors from a historically black college.

This study's purpose was to identify gender differences in body size awareness and perceived impact of weight on social interactions and risk for disease among young African-American adults. A cross-sectional survey of 318 African-American graduating seniors from a historically black college or university (HBCU) was conducted. Data were collected on anthropometrics, body image, ideal weight, perceived risk for disease due to weight, and impact of weight on social interactions. Only 39% of males who were overweight perceived themselves as overweight compared with 68% of overweight females. Eighty percent of females and 63% of males expressed some body size dissatisfaction. Fewer obese males (38%) perceived a risk for disease due to their weight compared with obese females (64%), p<0.01. Males perceived greater impact than females of their weight on social interactions, with extremely obese males perceiving the greatest impact. Perceived risk for disease due to weight was related to body mass index, family weight history, body awareness and income, but not body size satisfaction. Findings suggest gender differences in the self-perception of body size, accuracy of body size perception, and understanding of acceptable weight ranges. Awareness of acceptable weight ranges and consequences of overweight needs to be raised.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Real-time whole-body imaging of an orthotopic metastatic prostate cancer model expressing red fluorescent protein.

BACKGROUND: We describe here, a whole-body imageable spontaneous metastatic model of human prostate cancer developed by surgical orthotopic implantation (SOI) and visualized by red fluorescent protein (RFP) expression. METHODS: Human prostate cancer PC-3 cells were transduced with the pLNCX2-DsRed-2-RFP retroviral vector containing the RFP and neomycin-resistance genes. A stable RFP-expressing PC-3 clone was selected in 800 microg/ml G418 in vitro and injected subcutaneously in nude mice. Stable high-level expression of RFP was maintained in the subcutaneously-growing tumors. To utilize RFP expression for metastasis studies, fragments of the subcutaneously-growing tumor, which were comprised of RFP-expressing cells, were implanted by SOI in the prostate of nude mice. RESULTS: Primary tumor growth, progression, and subsequent lymphatic metastases were visualized in live, intact animals in real time by whole-body RFP fluorescence imaging. In total, 100% of the experimental animals developed lymphatic metastasis, the growth of which was monitored in real time by whole-body imaging. The aggressive lymphatic metastasis in this model reflects one of the major metastatic routes of prostate cancer in human patients. Intravital RFP imaging visualized single cancer cells in the lung and bladder. Open RFP imaging at autopsy visualized extensive primary growth and highly disseminated lymph-node metastases. CONCLUSIONS: The long-wavelength emission of RFP enabled high sensitivity and resolution of microscopic tumor growth using appropriate imaging techniques. The model should be useful for the real-time evaluation of novel therapeutics for metastatic prostate cancer.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Altered body image in patients on CAPD.

CAPD can restore independence but can compromise body image. Meeting others with similar experiences can help some patients. Nurses are responsible for preparing patients adequately before they embark on CAPD.

Activities of Daily Living↗