PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “CALCANEUS”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 667 records · Page 37Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Precision control and seasonal variations in quantitative ultrasound measurement of the calcaneus.

To assess the dependence of calcaneal quantitative ultrasound (QUS) indices (speed of sound [SOS] and broadband ultrasound attenuation [BUA]) on foot temperature and season, we measured these indices monthly, from August to February of the next year, in five healthy Japanese adults (three men and two women, aged 31-52 years), using a dry-type QUS device (Sahara; Hologic). The monthly QUS measurement was performed three consecutive times after the start, at 30, 60, and 120 min from the start, in a test room where the temperature was kept at 25 +/- 2 degrees C. Skin temperature was monitored at the dorsum pedis throughout the measurements. A significant seasonal trend in the monthly mean Z-scores of QUS indices was observed (P < 0.001). QUS indices were higher during the winter than summer, while skin temperatures were lower during the winter. SOS showed a significant inverse association with skin temperature (r = -0.64), while BUA did not (r = 0.09). Skin temperature at the dorsum pedis slowly declined and SOS increased during the experiment. BUA decreased by 60 min from the start of the experiment and then increased slightly. The coefficient of variation (CV) of both QUS indices showed the smallest values at 60 min from the start. In conclusion, there are seasonal variations in the QUS indices, and SOS particularly depends on skin temperature. When a subject is followed up for years, the QUS measurements should be conducted in the same season. In a setting of community-based medical checkups using QUS devices, health professionals should measure the QUS indices of a subject after 60 min of rest in the examination room.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Prediction of mechanical properties of the human calcaneus by broadband ultrasonic attenuation.

Broadband ultrasonic attenuation (dB MHz cm-1, nBUA) was determined for specimens from 20 human calcanei, along with apparent density, elasticity (Young's modulus), and compressive strength. The calcanei were modified to provide "whole" (only soft tissue removed), "core" (mediolateral cores corresponding to in vivo measurement region), "can" (cortical end plates removed from core), and "def" (core defatted) samples. The nBUA values for the various modifications were highly correlated. The presence of the cortical endplates creates a significant nBUA, probably due to complex phase interactions. nBUAcan was a good predictor of elasticity (R2 = 75.7%) and strength (R2 = 73.6%). Apparent density was a better predictor of the mechanical variables than nBUA, with R2 values of 88.5% for elasticity and 87.6% for strength. The morphological anisotropy defined by "fabric" for the specimens was extremely uniform. The coefficient of variation in nBUA (40.5%) and compressive strength (64.4%) was significantly greater than for apparent density (23.5%) and fabric (6.7%). It is well known that a power law relationship exists between apparent density and elasticity or strength in cancellous bone. An interesting finding in this work is that there also appears to be a power law relationship between nBUA and apparent density, with an exponent of approximately 2, which, in the light of clinical implications, warrants further investigation.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Ultrasound measurements in the calcaneus: precision and its relation with bone mineral density of the heel, hip, and lumbar spine.

Broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) and speed of sound (SOS) in the heel are suggested to measure bone density and structure and to predict fracture risk. Short-term precision (five consecutive measurements in 1 h) and long-term precision (six within 3 months) of ultrasound parameters were studied in 20 healthy subjects. The coefficient of variation (CV) did not change over a 3-month period for SOS (1.3%). Short-term precision of BUA was 3.4% (CV) and long-term precision was 4.9% (CV) (not significantly different: p = 0.09). Relationships between ultrasound parameters and BMD at various sites were examined in 42 subjects. BMD at the heel was assessed at the location corresponding to that of the ultrasound measurements (BMDheel). Correlation coefficients, corrected for imprecision in the measurements, for BUA and SOS vs. BMDheel, were 0.81 and 0.76, respectively. The correlation coefficients between heel measurements (BUA, SOS, and BMDheel) and BMD in the hip and lumbar spine ranged from 0.37 to 0.57. The relationships between BUA, SOS, and BMDheel vs. BMD of the hip were modified by physical activity and body weight. Higher physical activity and body weight were associated with higher BMD values at the hip. BUA values < 60 dB/MHz predicted BMD at the femoral neck < 0.70 g/cm2 with a sensitivity and specificity of 80% and 93%, respectively. After the age of 30, 11 participants had sustained vertebral fractures and 12 participants nonvertebral osteoporotic fractures. BUA and SOS values were significantly lower in fracture patients than in participants without fractures. It can be concluded that ultrasound measurements at the heel correlate well to BMD at the same site. BUA can predict BMD at the hip and is lower when the subject has sustained fractures.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Post-calcaneus fracture reconstruction.

This article outlines the pathoanatomy of malunited calcaneal fractures and reviews the literature on resulting painful sequelae, diagnostic work-up, as well as reconstructive treatment options and their outcome.

Calcaneus↗
PubMed2004

Effect of total knee arthroplasty on patients' bone quality-ultrasound measurement of the calcaneus.

We used ultrasonographic heel measurements to compare the bone quality of patients who underwent total knee arthroplasty (TKA), age-matched controls and patients who suffered from hip fracture. The broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA; dB/MHz) of the TKA (70), control (70) and hip fracture (107) groups was 42.2+/-15.5, 40.2+/-14.9 and 22.9+/-13.3, respectively. The hip fracture group was significantly different from both the TKA and control groups (P<0.0001). The TKA group had better BUA than the control group, although the difference was not significant (P=0.712). The increase in activity after artificial replacement of an arthritic joint might result in bone quality equivalent to that of controls. Considering that none of TKA patients suffered from hip fracture in the follow-up period, which ranged from 62 to 113 months, TKA might contribute to a decrease in the risk of later hip fracture, by allowing increased mobility and maintaining or improving bone quality.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Skeletal status assessed by quantitative ultrasound at the calcaneus in females with bronchial asthma on prolonged corticosteroid therapy.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to assess skeletal status in bronchial asthma female patients after long-term oral corticosteroid (CS) therapy. METHODS: Eighty-two female patients (25 with and 57 without fractures; mean age 58.0+/-7.8 years) were compared with 999 females (821 controls without fractures, mean age 58.6+/-7.2 years and 178 females with previous osteoporotic fractures, mean age 57.8+/-7.1 years). Mean age and years since menopause did not differ between patients and controls. The duration of CS therapy was 8.4+/-7.3 years, and daily mean dose equivalent to prednison was 8.8+/-3.5 mg. Skeletal status was evaluated by quantitative ultrasound (QUS) measurements at the heel using the Achilles system (Lunar, USA) which measures speed of sound (SOS (m/s)) and Broadband Ultrasound Attenuation (BUA (dB/MHz)). The Achilles software also calculates a stiffness index (SI (%)). The precision expressed using the root mean square coefficient of variation (RMS_CV%) was: 0.26% for SOS, 4.37% for BUA, and 2.13% for SI. RESULTS: Patients (all, with and without fractures) had significantly lower QUS values than controls without fractures and their values did not differ significantly from controls with fractures. Controls with fractures had significantly lower QUS values than controls without fractures. There was no difference between patients with and without fractures. The duration of the therapy did not influence skeletal variables in any group. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was performed to assess the discriminatory capability of calcaneal QUS for CS-treated patients by calculating the area under the ROC curve (AUC). AUCs were: 0.70 for SOS, 0.68 for BUA and 0.70 for SI. CONCLUSIONS: In females with bronchial asthma on prolonged CS therapy, skeletal status is affected but does not differ from controls with fractures therefore CS therapy seems to be a risk factor for osteoporotic fracture. Calcaneal QUS measurements can be a useful tool in the assessment of CS bone-side effects.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed2005

Quantitative ultrasound measurements at the calcaneus in natural and surgically induced menopause.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to assess skeletal status in natural and surgically induced menopausal women regarding the presence of previous osteoporotic fracture. METHODS: Ninety-three females after bilateral oophorectomy in mean age of 56.8+/-8.3y. (48 without and 45 with fracture, groups 1 and 2, respectively) and 285 females with natural menopause in mean age of 56.4+/-7.0y (176 without and 109 with fracture, groups 3 and 4, respectively) were studied. Mean age, age of menopause, years since menopause (YSM), duration of fertile period (durFER) and body size did not differ between women after surgical and natural menopause and between non-fractured and fractured groups. No additional factors known to influence bone metabolism (either diseases or medications) or osteoporosis treatment were noted in the subjects studied. Skeletal status was evaluated by quantitative ultrasound (QUS) of the calcaneum using the Achilles system (Lunar, USA). RESULTS: Calcaneal QUS results were significantly higher: in women after natural than surgical menopause (p<0.05), in non-fractured females after natural menopause than in non-fractured females after surgical menopause (p<0.001) and in women after natural menopause without fracture compared with those with fracture (p<0.000001). The same comparisons between fractured groups and between women after surgical menopause with and without fracture revealed no significant differences. QUS parameters were regressed in a stepwise, multiple regression analysis on age, YSM, durFER, weight and height for all groups. In group 1, YSM had a negative influence and durFER was a protective factor; in group 2, age and durFER were a negative factors and YSM had no influence; in group 3, age and YSM were a negative factors (no role of durFER) and in group 4, only YSM had a negative influence, and durFER was a protective factor. CONCLUSION: Surgical menopause seems to be a risk factor for osteoporotic fracture because of low ultrasound values.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2004

Quantitative ultrasound at the calcaneus in corticosteroid-treated male patients with bronchial asthma.

The aim of the study was to assess skeletal status in bronchial asthma male patients after long-term corticosteroid (CSt) therapy. A total of 25 men patients (mean age 53.8 +/- 11.6 years) were compared with 343 men: 256 control men without fractures (mean age 54.4 +/- 13.1 years) and 87 men with previous osteoporotic fractures (mean age 54.7 +/- 11.6 years). The mean age and body size did not differ among groups studied. The duration of CSt therapy expressed as median was 6 years (range 1 to 30 years), and a mean dose equivalent to prednisone was 9.3 +/- 4.5 mg. Skeletal status was evaluated by quantitative ultrasound (QUS) measurements at the heel using the Achilles system (Lunar), which measures speed of sound (SOS) in m/s and broadband ultrasound (US) attenuation (BUA) in dB/MHz. The Achilles software calculates also a stiffness index (SI) in %. The CV% values were: 2.48% for BUA, 0.33% for SOS and 2.56% for SI. Values of BUA, SOS, SI, T-score and Z-score in patients were significantly lower than in controls and did not differ between patients and men with fractures. The duration of CSt therapy and childhood and current calcium daily intake did not influence skeletal variables measured. ROC analysis was performed to assess the discriminatory capability of calcaneal QUS for fractured and CSt-treated patients by calculating the area under the ROC curve (AUC). AUCs were: 0.74 +/- 0.027 and 0.72 +/- 0.05 for SOS, 0.71 +/- 0.03 and 0.66 +/- 0.05 for BUA and 0.74 +/- 0.03 and 0.71 +/- 0.05 for SI, respectively. Concluding, in male patients with bronchial asthma on prolonged CSt therapy, skeletal status was affected, and calcaneal QUS measurements can be a useful tool in the assessment of skeletal side effects after long-term CSt treatment.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

Fractures of the calcaneus.

Displaced fractures of the calcaneous are relatively common injuries that remain a treatment enigma. Virtually all aspects of the management of calcaneal fractures are a source of debate. Contemporary imaging, reduction, and fixation techniques attempt to improve the long term results of these injuries. The complex fracture fragments displace in predictable patterns. Meticulous surgical technique, restoration of extra- and intra-articular anatomy, and obtaining rigid fracture fixation are critical to obtaining satisfactory operative results. This article extensively reviews the controversies and summarizes the current opinions in the management of displaced calcaneal fractures.

Bone Screws↗
PubMed2004

Prediction of total and hip fracture risk in men and women by quantitative ultrasound of the calcaneus: EPIC-Norfolk prospective population study.

BACKGROUND: A quarter of fractures needing admission happen in men, but few data are available that show the value of bone measures for prediction of fracture risk in men. We aimed to assess quantitative ultrasound of the calcaneum and fracture incidence in a prospective observational population study. METHODS: Calcaneum broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) was measured in men and women in the Norfolk cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer (EPIC-Norfolk) between 1997 and 2000. Incident fractures were ascertained by hospital record linkage. FINDINGS: In 14824 men and women aged 42-82 years, during mean follow-up of 1.9 years (SD 0.7), there were 121 incident fractures that needed admission, including 31 hip fractures. Men and women in the lowest 10% of the calcaneum BUA distribution had a relative risk of fracture of 4.44 (95% CI 2.24-8.89, p<0.0001) compared with those in the upper 30% of the distribution. A fall of about 1 SD in BUA (20 db/MHz) was associated with a relative risk of fracture of 1.95 (95% CI 1.50-2.52, p<0.0001), independent of age, sex, weight, height, cigarette smoking habit, and past history of fracture. BUA predicted fractures with consistent magnitude in subgroups stratified by sex, age 65 years or older and younger than 65 years, smoking habit, past history of fracture, and hip and non-hip fractures separately. The sex difference in fracture risk was largely accounted for by differences in BUA. INTERPRETATION: Quantitative calcaneum ultrasound predicts total and hip fracture risk in men and women in a continuous relation. The challenge now is to identify interventions to improve bone health in the whole population.

Adult↗