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Students' perceptions of online learning: implications for teaching.

Using the Internet to deliver nursing courses via distance education can facilitate learning on demand and promote learner-centered instruction. The authors describe 20 graduate nursing students' experiences with online learning. Students learn through reflection, exploration, use of critical thinking, interacting with others, sharing of information, and using resources. Key points of students' experiences with online learning were consistent with the Constructivism Theory. Implications for improving teaching are based upon the Constructivism Theory and include strategies for identifying learning goals and conditions for learning, as well as planning and implementing various methods of instruction.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2005

Inhibition of neprilysin by infusion of thiorphan into the hippocampus causes an accumulation of amyloid Beta and impairment of learning and memory.

An imbalance between anabolism and catabolism causes an accumulation of amyloid beta-peptide (Abeta), which is a proposed trigger of the onset of Alzheimer's disease. Neprilysin is a rate-limiting peptidase that participates in the catabolism of Abeta in the brain. We examined whether rats continuously infused with thiorphan, a specific neprilysin inhibitor, into the hippocampus develop cognitive impairments through accumulation of Abeta. Thiorphan infusion elevated hippocampal Abeta40 and Abeta42 levels in the insoluble but not the soluble fraction. Thiorphan-infused rats displayed cognitive impairments in the ability to discriminate in the object recognition test, associative learning in the conditioned fear learning test, and spatial memory in the water maze test, tasks that depend on the hippocampus. These cognitive abilities in the battery of behavioral tasks inversely correlated with insoluble Abeta contents in the hippocampus. The nicotine-stimulated release of acetylcholine in the hippocampus of thiorphan-infused rats was significantly lower than that in vehicle-infused rats. These results indicate that continuous infusion of thiorphan into the hippocampus causes cognitive dysfunction and reduces cholinergic activity by raising the level of Abeta in the hippocampus and suggest that a reduction of neprilysin activity contributes to the deposition of Abeta and development of Alzheimer's disease.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed2001

The brain decade in debate: VI. Sensory and motor maps: dynamics and plasticity.

This article is an edited transcription of a virtual symposium promoted by the Brazilian Society of Neuroscience and Behavior (SBNeC). Although the dynamics of sensory and motor representations have been one of the most studied features of the central nervous system, the actual mechanisms of brain plasticity that underlie the dynamic nature of sensory and motor maps are not entirely unraveled. Our discussion began with the notion that the processing of sensory information depends on many different cortical areas. Some of them are arranged topographically and others have non-topographic (analytical) properties. Besides a sensory component, every cortical area has an efferent output that can be mapped and can influence motor behavior. Although new behaviors might be related to modifications of the sensory or motor representations in a given cortical area, they can also be the result of the acquired ability to make new associations between specific sensory cues and certain movements, a type of learning known as conditioning motor learning. Many types of learning are directly related to the emotional or cognitive context in which a new behavior is acquired. This has been demonstrated by paradigms in which the receptive field properties of cortical neurons are modified when an animal is engaged in a given discrimination task or when a triggering feature is paired with an aversive stimulus. The role of the cholinergic input from the nucleus basalis to the neocortex was also highlighted as one important component of the circuits responsible for the context-dependent changes that can be induced in cortical maps.

Animals↗