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At least 667 records · Page 37Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Capillary flow porometry to assess the seal provided by root-end filling materials in a standardized and reproducible way.

This in vitro study evaluated the root-end sealing ability of gutta-percha + AH26 (GP), Ketac-Fil, Fuji IX (FIX), tooth-colored MTA (MTA), IRM, Ketac-Fil + conditioner (Ketac-FilC), and Fuji IX + conditioner (FIXC). A total of 140 standardized bovine root sections were divided into seven groups, filled with the mentioned root-end filling materials, and, at 48 h, submitted to capillary flow porometry to assess minimum, mean flow and maximum pore diameters. Results were statistically analyzed using nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests. Level of significance was set at 0.05. Using the Kruskal-Wallis tests we found that there was no significant difference between the minimum pore diameters of the different materials, but significant differences between the mean flow (p < 0.001) and maximum (p < 0.001) pore diameters could be demonstrated. For the mean flow pore diameters, there was a significant difference between FIX and all other materials, between Ketac-Fil and IRM and between Ketac-FilC and IRM. Concerning maximum pore diameters, there was a significant difference between FIX and all other materials, between Ketac-Fil and MTA, GP and IRM, FIXC and IRM, and Ketac-FilC and IRM. The data showed that each sample had leaked. Glass ionomer cements leaked more than other materials, although dentin conditioning diminished the maximum through pore diameters. This maximum pore diameter, which corresponds to the largest leak in the sample, together with the size of bacteria and their metabolites, will be indicative of the eventual leakage along the root-end filling materials.

Acid Etching, Dental↗
PubMed2006

A prospective clinical study of mineral trioxide aggregate for partial pulpotomy in cariously exposed permanent teeth.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the success of using gray mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) for partial pulpotomy in cariously exposed young permanent first molars. Thirty-one first permanent molars of 23 patients with a carious exposure were treated using a partial pulpotomy technique. The age of the patients ranged from 7.2 to 13.1 yr with an average of 10 yr. Clinical and radiographic examination revealed a pulpal response within normal limits and normal appearance of the periradicular area respectively. A diagnosis of reversible pulpitis and normal periapex was established. After isolation, caries removal and carious exposure, the exposed pulp tissue was removed with a diamond bur to a depth of 2 to 4 mm. After hemostasis, 2 to 4 mm of gray MTA paste was placed against the fresh wound. The floor of the cavity was covered with a base of glass ionomer. The teeth were restored with amalgam or stainless steel crowns. Teeth were reviewed radiographically and clinically at 3, 6, 12, and 24 month intervals. Twenty-two of the treated teeth did not show any clinical or radiographic signs of failure during the follow-up evaluation period. Six teeth did not respond to vitality testing at the final follow-up period; however, no radiographic signs of failure or clinical symptoms were detected. Gray MTA was a suitable dressing agent for parital pulpotomy in cariously exposed young permanent first molars.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Human alveolar bone cells interact with ProRoot and tooth-colored MTA.

The cellular response to mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is important for the repair and regeneration of periradicular tissues. The purpose of this study was to analyze the response of human alveolar bone cells to MTA. A human alveolar bone chip was obtained from an oral surgical procedure and explant cultures harvested after 3 to 4 weeks of outgrowth in alpha-minimum essential medium supplemented with fetal calf serum. Cells in early passage were seeded onto preset ProRoot (gray) MTA, tooth-colored (white) MTA, and MTA prepared with local anesthetic solution. Scanning electron microscopy showed cells were attached and spread out onto MTA within 24 hours, and proliferated to form a matrix-like layer within 7 days. Cell attachment and cell-surface interactions with the gray and white MTA, and with the MTA prepared with local anesthetic were comparably propagated for 14 days. The surgically derived human alveolar bone cells provided a clinically relevant model that demonstrated the capacity of both ProRoot and tooth-colored MTA to support cell attachment, proliferation, and matrix formation.

Aluminum Compounds↗
PubMed2002

Effects of acute acamprosate and homotaurine on ethanol intake and ethanol-stimulated mesolimbic dopamine release.

The purpose of the present study was to determine the acute effects of the anticraving compound acamprosate (calcium acetylhomotaurinate) and the closely related compound homotaurine on ethanol intake and ethanol-stimulated dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens. Male rats were treated with acamprosate (200 or 400 mg/kg intraperitoneally, i.p.) or homotaurine (10, 50, or 100 mg/kg i.p.) 15 min prior to access to 10% ethanol and water for 1 h in a two-bottle choice restricted access paradigm. A separate group of rats was implanted with microdialysis probes in the nucleus accumbens and given an acute injection of ethanol (1.5 g/kg i.p.) that was preceded by saline, acamprosate, or homotaurine. Acamprosate and homotaurine dose-dependently reduced ethanol intake and preference. These compounds also delayed or suppressed ethanol-stimulated increases in nucleus accumbens dopamine release, suggesting that acamprosate and homotaurine may reduce ethanol intake by interfering with the ability of ethanol to activate the mesolimbic dopamine reward system.

Acamprosate↗
PubMed2001

Integrated biological and physiochemical treatment process for nitrate and fluoride removal.

The feasibility of an integrated biological and physiochemical water treatment process for nitrate and fluoride removal has been evaluated. It consisted of two sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) in series. Performance of the process in the treatment of 24 synthetic water samples having nitrate concentrations of 40, 80, 120, 160, 200, and 250 mg/l (as N) and fluoride concentrations of 6, 10, 15, and 20 mg/l at different combinations was studied. Denitrification followed by defluoridation proved to be the best sequence of treatment. In all cases nitrate could be reduced to an acceptable level of less than 10 mg/l (as N) at 3, 5, and 7 h hydraulic retention times (HRTs) depending on its initial concentration. Fluoride concentrations up to 15 mg/l associated with nitrate concentrations up to 80 mg/l (as N) could be reduced acceptable 1.5 mg/l by alum-PAC slurry using alum doses up 850 mg/l [as Al2(SO4)3 x 16H2O] along with 100 mg/l of powdered activated carbon (PAC). Additional alkalinity produced during denitrification was used up during defluoridation for maintenance of pH avoiding the need for lime addition. On the other hand, residual organics, turbidity, and sulfide present in the denitrified water are removed by alum and PAC at the defluoridation stage along with fluoride, eliminating the need for an additional post-treatment step. At higher nitrate concentrations (> or = 120 mg/l as N), the alkalinity produced at the denitrification stage was in the range of 715-1175 mg/l as CaCO3. This excessive alkalinity inhibited reduction of fluoride to the level of 1.5 mg/l at the defluoridation stage, using alum doses up to 900 mg/l along with 100 mg/l of PAC. In all cases a fluoride concentration of 20 mg/l in water could not be reduced to the acceptable level of 1.5 mg/l.

Alum Compounds↗
PubMed2003

Short-term periradicular tissue response to mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) as root-end filling material.

AIM: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the short-term response of periradicular tissues to MTA when used as a root-end filling material in ideal tissue conditions. METHODOLOGY: The experimental procedures were performed on the healthy teeth of dogs. Pulps were removed and root canals prepared and filled with gutta-percha and sealer. At the same session, buccal mucoperiosteal flaps were reflected and the root ends resected. MTA or IRM were used as root-end filling materials. The periradicular tissue reactions were evaluated histologically from 1 to 5 weeks. Hard tissue formed on the MTA surface was further examined by scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS: The most characteristic tissue reaction to MTA was the presence of connective tissue after the first postoperative week. Inflammation was seen occasionally. Early tissue healing events after MTA root-end filling were characterized by hard tissue formation, activated progressively from the peripheral root walls along the MTA-soft tissue interface. In contrast, hard tissue was not seen over the IRM root-end filling. CONCLUSIONS: MTA is a biocompatible material that stimulates periradicular tissue repair at the root-end situation; however, the nature of the newly formed tissues requires further elucidation.

Aluminum Compounds↗
PubMed2003

Effect of apical root-end filling materials on gingival fibroblasts.

AIM: To determine the influence of root-end filling materials on specific cellular responses of gingival fibroblasts (GF). METHODOLOGY: The reactions of cells in contact with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), amalgam and a chemically inert titanium alloy were determined based on the assessment of prostaglandin (PGE2) release with and without arachidonic acid stimulation, protein and lactate synthesis, and cell proliferation. Cells cultured without test materials served as controls (100%). RESULTS: The fibroblasts showed a highly significant decrease in protein synthesis when in contact with amalgam (61.8 +/- 13.6%); MTA (91.2 +/- 5.9%) and titanium (92.4 +/- 4.7%) had little effect on this parameter. The rate of cell proliferation in contact with MTA (98.0 +/- 1.6%) and titanium (97.9 +/- 7.4%) was only slightly influenced and showed similar values to that of the controls after 96 h of incubation. On the contrary, a significant and continuous reduction in the rate of cell proliferation was observed for cells in contact with amalgam (61.0 +/- 2.5%) after 96 h. No significant increases in lactate synthesis values were registered for any of the materials (MTA 101.8 +/- 1.7%, titanium 94.8 +/- 8.6% and amalgam 105.8 +/- 10.3%). There was a significant decrease in PGE2 synthesis potential when cells were in contact with amalgam (85.2 +/- 3.5%). In comparison to the controls, titanium and MTA resulted in an elevated level of cellular PGE2 synthesis (titanium: 131.6 +/- 19.1%; MTA: 147.3 +/- 18.9%). The cell cultures stimulated with arachidonic acid (10-5 m) showed no significant differences with any material (MTA: 88.8 +/- 17.6%, titanium: 97.6 +/- 14.4%, amalgam: 85.5 +/- 16.8%). CONCLUSIONS: MTA demonstrated cellular responses similar to those of titanium. Amalgam showed an irritation rate higher than that of MTA and titanium.

Aluminum Compounds↗
PubMed2001

Obturation of a retained primary mandibular second molar using mineral trioxide aggregate: a case report.

This case report demonstrates Mineral Trioxide Aggregate obturation of the root canal system of a retained primary mandibular second molar where no succedaneous permanent tooth was present. The technique seemed to provide a biocompatible seal of the root canal system in this case. It is not recommended for obturation of primary teeth that are expected to exfoliate since it is anticipated that Mineral Trioxide Aggregate would be absorbed slowly, if at all.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Evaluation of antifungal activity of mineral trioxide aggregate.

The purpose of this investigation was to study, in vitro, the antifungal effect of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) using a tube-dilution test. MTA was tested freshly mixed and after 24 h set on Candida albicans. The tested MTA was incubated with C. albicans for 1 h, 24 h, and 3 days. Results showed that the freshly mixed MTA was effective in killing the tested fungi after 1 day of contact, whereas the 24-h set MTA was effective after 3 days of incubation. It was concluded that MTA (freshly mixed and 24-h set) was effective against C. albicans.

Aluminum Compounds↗
PubMed2005

Effect of white-colored mineral trioxide aggregate in different concentrations on Candida albicans in vitro.

The antifungal action of different concentrations of white-colored mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) against Candida albicans was assessed in vitro. Fresh mix of MTA was prepared at concentrations varying from 0.78 mg/ml to 50 mg/ml by dilution with 10 ml molten agar at 45 degrees C. The MTA-agar compound was thoroughly mixed and the uniform mix was then poured into sterile Petri dishes and allowed to set. A total of 348 agar plates were prepared and divided into experimental groups of 11 plates each and control groups of 5 plates each. Plates of agar without MTA served as positive control and plates without C. albicans served as negative control. Fresh inoculate of C. albicans was prepared by growing an overnight culture from a stock culture. Aliquots of C. albicans were then taken from the stock culture and plated on the agar compound of the experimental and positive control groups. All plates were incubated at 37 degrees C for 1, 24, 48, and 72-h periods. At each time period, the presence of C. albicans colonies was assessed and recorded. A direct correlation was found between MTA concentration and its inhibition effect on C. albicans growth. Plates containing MTA in concentration of 50 mg/ml showed significantly better killing action against C. albicans in all of the time periods tested (p < 0.001). Plates containing MTA in concentration of 25 mg/ml showed antifungal activity only at 1 and 24-h time periods. Plates containing lower concentrations of MTA did not show any antifungal activity. It appears that under the conditions of this study, white-colored MTA in concentration of 50 mg/ml is effective in killing C. albicans for periods of up to 3 days. Lower MTA concentrations may not be effective.

Aluminum Compounds↗
PubMed2004

A comparative histological evaluation of the biocompatibility of materials used in apical surgery.

AIM: To evaluate the biological properties of a variety of materials that could be used in apical surgery. METHODOLOGY: The intraosseous implant technique recommended by the FDI (1980) and ADA (1982) was used to test the following materials: zinc oxide-eugenol (ZOE), mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), and Z-100 light-cured composite resin. Thirty guinea-pigs, 10 for each material, divided into experimental periods of 4 and 12 weeks, received one implant on each side of the lower jaw symphysis. The connective tissue response alongside the lateral wall outside the cup served as a negative control for the technique. At the end of the observation periods, the animals were killed and the specimens prepared for routine histological examination to evaluate their biocompatibility. RESULTS: The reaction of the tissue to the materials diminished with time. The ZOE cement was highly toxic during the 4-week experimental period, but this profile changed significantly after 12 weeks, when it showed biocompatible characteristics. MTA and Z-100 showed biocompatibility in this test model at both time periods. CONCLUSIONS: MTA and Z-100 composite were biocompatible at 4 and 12 weeks in this experimental model.

Aluminum Compounds↗
PubMed2006

Long-term assessment of the seal provided by root-end filling materials in large cavities through capillary flow porometry.

AIM: To evaluate the long-term sealing ability of a variety of materials when used as root-end fillings. METHODOLOGY: A total of 140 standardized horizontal bovine root sections (external diameter: 7 mm, height: 3 mm; internal diameter: 2.5 mm) were divided into seven groups, filled with either gutta-percha with AH26, Ketac Fil, Fuji IX, Tooth-Colored MTA, IRM, Ketac Fil with conditioner or Fuji IX with conditioner and submitted to capillary flow porometry at 1 and 6 months to assess minimum, mean flow and maximum pore diameters. Results of the different materials and results by material were analysed statistically using non-parametric tests; the level of significance was set at 0.05. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the minimum pore diameters associated with the materials at each time. At 1 month the mean flow pore diameters of Ketac Fil were significantly larger than those of gutta-percha, Ketac Fil with conditioner, Fuji IX with conditioner and IRM. There were significant differences between the maximum pore diameters at 1 month (all>IRM; Fuji IX>gutta-percha, Ketac Fil with conditioner, Fuji IX with conditioner) and 6 months (Fuji IX>gutta-percha, IRM; Ketac Fil>gutta-percha, IRM). There were significant differences in the minimum pore diameters between the different points in time for each material except IRM, in the mean flow pore diameters for each material and in the maximum pore diameters for each material except MTA. CONCLUSIONS: All materials were associated with capillary flow. IRM root-end fillings had through pores that were smaller than those associated with other materials. Conventionally setting glass-ionomer cements had the largest pores, although dentine conditioning improved their performance. The seal of all materials improved after 6 months.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed2006

Preserving pulpal health of a geminated maxillary lateral incisor through multidisciplinary care.

AIM: To report the multidisciplinary care of an unaesthetic geminated maxillary lateral incisor tooth, which allowed its preservation in the mouth. SUMMARY: Preoperative examination of an unsightly geminated maxillary lateral incisor (tooth 22) demonstrated two pulp chambers and open apices, with normal pulp sensitivity responses. At surgery, a periodontal mucoperiosteal flap was reflected and the distal part of the geminated tooth was removed. The exposed root canal of the preserved tooth was sealed with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). The extraction socket and osseous defect was grafted with decalcified freeze-dried bone allograft (DFDBA) before flap closure. During follow-up, distal caries in tooth 22 and a diastema between tooth 22 and 23 were managed with composite resin restorations. Forty-two months postoperatively, normal thermal and electrical pulp sensitivity tests confirmed pulp health. Convincing apexogenesis and dentinogenesis of the developing root was confirmed by radiographic examination. Acceptable periodontal health including 3-4 mm clinical probing depths was achieved. Optimizing aesthetics and occlusion was accomplished without orthodontic treatment.

Aluminum Compounds↗
PubMed2006

Evaluation of the antifungal effects of mineral trioxide aggregate materials.

The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the antifungal effect of white-coloured mineral trioxide aggregate (WMTA) and grey mineral trioxide aggregate (GMTA) using a tube-dilution test. MTA preparations were freshly mixed and tested after 24 h on Candida albicans. The experiment was carried out in 24-well culture plates. Fifty wells were used and divided into four experimental groups (freshly mixed WMTA, freshly mixed GMTA, 24 h-set WMTA and 24 h-set GMTA) of 10 wells each and control groups of five wells each. Plates of Sabouraud dextrose agar mixed with C. albicans served as positive control, and Sabouraud dextrose agar without C. albicans served as negative control. Fresh inoculate of C. albicans was prepared by growing an overnight culture from a stock culture. Aliquots of C. albicans were then taken from the stock culture and plated on the agar compound of the experimental and control groups. All plates were incubated at 37 degrees C for 1, 24 and 72 h. Growth of fungi was monitored daily by the presence of turbidity. Results showed that in the freshly mixed as well as 24 h-set MTA cements fungal growth was observed during 1-h incubation, whereas by increasing the incubation time, no fungal growth was observed in 24 and 72 h. It was concluded that MTA cements (freshly mixed and 24-h set) were effective against C. albicans.

Aluminum Compounds↗
PubMed2005

Calcium loading, calcium accumulation, and associated cardiovascular risks in dialysis patients.

Calcium and phosphate imbalances are important mutable risk factors for cardiovascular disease in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Nearly all dialysis patients require phosphate binders. These include traditional calcium-based compounds and, more recently, the calcium-free, metal-free, non-absorbed agent, sevelamer hydrochloride. Both binder types reduce serum phosphorus, but differ with respect to calcium load and metabolism. Absorption from calcium-based agents very likely promotes positive total calcium balance in many patients. Positive calcium balance is inappropriate in adults and may promote or accelerate soft-tissue and vascular calcification even in the absence of hypercalcemia. Calcium accumulation in heart and vascular tissues contributes to rapidly progressive cardiovascular calcification - a strong predictor of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in stage 5 CKD. More than two-thirds of stage 5 CKD patients have calcification scores above the 75th percentile for matched controls -- scores associated with extremely high risk of cardiovascular events and death.

Calcium↗
PubMed2005

Comparative study of MTA and other materials in retrofilling of pulpless dogs' teeth.

This in vivo study compared the effect of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), IRM, Super EBA and ZOE in a puttylike consistency, used as retrofilling materials, in the healing process of periapical tissue of pulpless dogs' teeth submitted to a conventional retrofilling technique. Twenty-four premolars obtained from three dogs were used. At the first intervention, the animals were anesthetized, coronal access was obtained and pulpectomy was done. Root canals were kept open to the oral environment for 180 days to induce the formation of apical lesions. After surgical removal of the lesions with curettes, 2 mm of the apical root was cut out perpendicular to the long axis of the teeth, and root-end cavities were shaped with a low-speed round bur. The bone cavities were irrigated and dried, and the root-end cavities were filled with MTA, IRM, Super EBA and ZOE in a puttylike consistency. The bone cavities were passively filled with blood and flaps were sutured. The coronal access openings were cleaned and double-sealed with ZOE and amalgam. After 180 days, the animals were killed by anesthetic overdose, maxilla and mandible were removed and the pieces were processed for histomorphologic analysis. Data were evaluated blindly on the basis of several histopathologic events and the scores obtained were analyzed statistically using the Kruskal Wallis test. No significant differences were observed among MTA, Super EBA and IRM (p>0.05). However, ZOE had a significantly more negative influence on the apical healing (p<0.05). In conclusion, MTA, Super EBA and IRM had similar histopathologic effects among each other and better performance than ZOE used in a puttylike consistency. Furthermore, only MTA stimulated hard tissue deposition in direct contact with the retrofilling material, even when it was inserted under critical conditions.

Aluminum Compounds↗