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Results for “Cephalometry”

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At least 667 records · Page 37Linked to original sources

PubMed1993

[A cephalometric study on determining the orientation of occlusal plane].

A study of the parallel relationship between the occlusal plane and the line connecting nasal alar and tragus was made in 90 dentulous cases by using cephalometry. The results show that the line connecting the inferior point of nasal alar and the mid-point of tragus runs much more parallel with the occlusal plane. The regression equation reveals a "line of closest fitting". It was used in the prosthetic treatment for 50 edentulous patients with good clinical results. The line connecting the inferior point of nasal alar and the mid-point of tragus therefore represents a proper reference plane for determining occlusal plane and hence should be still a valuable index in clinical dentistry.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1993

[Comparative computerized tomography cephalometric and pharyngometric studies of patients with severe and mild sleep apnea, and in a control group].

116 males were examined. Of these, 52 belonged to a control group, whereas 40 had severe obstructive sleep apnoea (apnoea index > 20 + clinical symptoms) and 24 mild obstructive sleep apnoea (apnoea index 5-20 + clinical symptoms) (in the following, OSA signifies obstructive sleep apnoea). Cephalometry and planimetric examinations of the pharynx were performed in recumbent position with the head in neutral position and with shallow respiration. The narrowest passage of the pharynx was measured; other measured sites were the areas of the nasopharynx, oropharynx (at the level of the tip of the palatine uvula) and of the hypopharynx (at the level of the base of the tongue). The sum of all the measured cross-sections was obtained. The cephalogram was evaluated to obtain the length and thickness of the soft palate, the distance between the mandible and hyoid bone, the posterior airspace (PAS), the nuchal subcutaneous fatty tissue at the level of the spine of the second cervical vertebra (also known as axis), the thickness of the posterior pharyngeal wall at the level of the second cervical vertebra, or axis, and the angles between the sella, nasion and superior maxilla and between the sella, nasion and mandible (SNA and SNB, respectively).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗

PubMed1993

[Surgical treatment of obstructive sleep apnea by modifying the facial skeleton with reference to cephalometric parameters].

UNLABELLED: Cephalometry: Morphologic alterations can be found in a great deal of patients with OSAS, predisposing to the rise of sleep apnea. In addition to preexisting investigations we developed a cephalometric analysis to judge these alterations in patients with OSAS. Comparing 160 patients to healthy people pharyngeal obstructions could be found in more than one third of the patients, usually combined with a retrognathic dolichofacial morphology. SURGICAL PROCEDURE: As successful treatment of our own patients shows, curing of obstructive sleep apnea is possible in respect of these cephalometric alterations. The basis of surgical treatment consists of surgical advancement of the mandible by sagittal split osteotomy and advancement of the maxilla by Le Fort I-osteotomy. Advancement surgery must be done in consideration of the morphologic alterations mentioned above. Additionally secondary procedures can be taken into account as genioplasty, soft-tissue-corrections or corrections of the upper airways.

Cephalometry↗

PubMed1977

Divergent biparietal diameter growth rates in twin pregnancies.

Twenty-eight twin pregnancies were monitored by serial ultrasonic cephalometry from 30 or 31 weeks' gestation. The rates of growth of the individual twins as determined by biparietal diameters were similar in 11 cases (39%) and divergent in 17 (61%). When the rates of growth were divergent, the lesser rate was always below the mean for singleton pregnancies, and the incidence of small-for-gestational-age babies was 18 of 34 (53%). It was apparent that the greater the difference in biparietal diameters within the 2 weeks preceding delivery, the higher the risk of a small-for-gestation-age baby being delivered. No comment could be made on the growth rate prior to 28 weeks except that at diagnosis there was little or no difference in biparietal diameters.

Cephalometry↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of dam strain on the craniofacial morphogenesis of CL/Fr mouse fetuses.

The embryo transfer technique and cephalometry were used to investigate the effect of dam strain in intrauterine craniofacial growth and the severity of cleft lip and palate (CLP) in a CLP-susceptible CL/Fr strain of embryos. The CL/Fr strain of embryos at early blastocyst stage was transferred to the same dam strain and to the CLP-resistant C57BL dam strain. On the 18th gestational day, each dam was laparotomized to take out the fetuses. The spontaneous incidence of CLP in the fetuses was checked and a cephalometric observation of the craniofacial complex of each fetus was done just after laparotomy. The dorsoventral craniofacial size of the unaffected fetuses and the severity of CLP i the affected ones were compared between both dam strains. The following results were obtained: 1) The overall craniofacial sizes of the unaffected fetuses observed in the CL/Fr dam strain were significantly smaller than those seen in the C57/BL dam strain. Those of the affected fetuses observed in the CL/Fr dam strain were smaller than those seen in the C57BL dam strain although the interstrain difference was not significant. 20 The dam strain had a highly significant effect on the craniofacial size of the unaffected fetuses. 3) The CLP frequency in the CL/Fr dam strain was significantly higher than that in the C57BL dam strain. 4) The severity of CLP in the affected fetuses observed in the CL/Fr dam strain was significantly more serious than that seen in the C57BL dam strain. These results indicated that the CLP-susceptible CL/Fr dam strain retarded the intrauterine craniofacial growth of the fetuses and that the cleft condition in the affected fetuses observed in the CL/Fr dam strain was more seriously affected than that seen in the CLP-resistant C57BL dam strain. Thus, it can be concluded that the effect of the dam strain played an important role in the craniofacial morphogenesis of the CL/Fr strain of mouse fetuses that developed from the embryo transferred to the CL/Fr and C57BL dam strains along with the genotype of embryos.

Animals↗

PubMed1996

Longitudinal follow-up of children after surgical treatment of scaphocephaly.

78 patients underwent surgery for scaphocephaly at the mean age of 1.2 (0.2-14.7) years in Faculty Hospital Motol in Prague. All operated children ("free bone flap" technique) have been longitudinally followed-up by the same neurosurgeon and by the same anthropologist. Non-invasive direct cephalometry has been an inevitable part of diagnostics, surgical treatment indication, postoperative follow-up and evaluation of the outcome of the treatment. Better cosmetic results in children operated before one year of age (the change of index cephalicus 6.5 units) in comparison with those treated later (3.7 units) is demonstrated (p = 0.02).

Adolescent↗

PubMed1996

[Severity of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome--correlation with cephalometric parameters].

In 132 patients with polysomnographic records suffering from OSAS a cephalometric analysis according to Hasund supplemented by special OSAS-parameters was performed. The statistical analysis showed a correlation between severity of OSAS and width of posterior airway space, length of the soft palate, hyoid position and posterior growth development of the mandible. A principal component analysis showed four groups: 1) prognathic patients, 2) retrognathic patients with narrow PAS, 3) patients with long soft palate and low standing hyoid, and 4) orthognatic obese subjects. Lateral cephalometry is an important contribution to OSAS-diagnostics and should be performed on all OSAS patients in the course of interdisciplinary cooperation.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Apert's syndrome: cephalometric evaluation and considerations on pathogenesis.

Apert's syndrome is a malformation characterized by abnormalities in the cranial vault, midfacial malformations, and syndactylia. The present study analyzes the lateral and frontal projections of the teleradiograms from five patients. Data were taken on the skeletal features and an attempt was made to interpret them in terms of functional matrices. We have used cephalometry as a descriptive device although the intent was also to use it to provide a perspective on the pathogenetic data derived from the literature. The hypothesis analyzed is that from the outset of craniofacial pathogenesis there may be a primitive alteration of the cartilaginous template from which are derived endochondral bones. The progressive involvement of the synchondrosis of the cranial base is subsequently transmitted to the membranous structures of the vault and face through the coronal ring and lambdoid suture systems. Although the data gained do not actually confirm this hypothesis, they do provide further support for it.

Acrocephalosyndactylia↗

PubMed1996

Three-dimensional facial morphometry and conventional cephalometrics: a correlation study.

The purpose of this study was to compare the correlation between three-dimensional soft tissue measurements obtained with three-dimensional digital infrared photogrammetry and two-dimensional data obtained with conventional cephalometry. Facial morphometry was investigated in a group of 20 healthy young men using both systems on each subject. From the lateral radiographs, conventional two-dimensional cephalometric hard and soft tissue data were calculated, while three-dimensional linear and angular soft tissue measurements were computed from the infrared photogrammetry. The correlations between the two sets of measurements were calculated. Three-dimensional soft tissue measurements correlated to cephalometric data primarily contained information useful for esthetic analysis. The soft tissue infrared measurements also allowed evaluation of the general hard tissue situation. Since the soft tissue measurements are calculated with a noninvasive system, they could be computed more frequently during treatment and be used to supplement pretreatment and posttreatment radiographs.

Adult↗

PubMed1976

[Methods of combined antenatal diagnosis of maturity].

A combined diagnosis of maturity is described, which is harmless in a correct technique. The method can be carried out in each of obstetrical hospital together with a routine laboratory. By means of the combined diagnosis a "maturity-index" is performed, which permits a certain assessment of the survival-chance of the praemature delivered children. In connection with the ultrasound-cephalometrie also there is an exact evidence to the duration of pregnancy and the tendence of intrauterine growth of the fetus.

Amniocentesis↗

PubMed1998

Craniofacial abnormalities in sleep apnoea syndrome.

One hundred and four men with the suspected diagnosis of sleep apnoea syndrome (SAS) not suffering from neuromuscular diseases or acromegaly were examined by X-ray cephalometry. Subjects suffering from bronchial obstruction, laryngeal carcinoma, suspected Treacher Collins syndrome as well as subjects in whom SAS was not verified were excluded. The remaining 81 men were divided into two groups depending upon disease severity as expressed by the mean index of oxygen desaturations per hour (less than 30-group A; more than 30-group B). In group B, the following parameters were significantly altered as compared with group A: dorsocaudal rotation of the mandible, elongation of the soft palate, and an increase of the saddle angle, increase of the angle of the cranial base, the lower gonion angle and the angle of the inclination of the mandible. Differences in the size of the soft palate, the rotation of the mandible and the size of the lower gonion angle can be found not only between healthy and subjects with SAS but also between subjects with mild and severe apnoea.

Cephalometry↗

PubMed1998

Postoperative migration of the osteotomy segment stabilized by titanium miniplate osteosynthesis following Le Fort I osteotomy: an x-ray stereometric study.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether titanium miniplate fixation prevents postoperative migration of the osteotomy segment following Le Fort I osteotomy and, if not, to evaluate whether postoperative migration varies with the direction and amount of surgical repositioning. In 10 consecutive patients who received Le Fort I osteotomies, postoperative migration of the osteotomy segment was studied in a three-dimensional system by means of x-ray stereometry. Surgical repositioning was recorded by cephalometry in lateral head films obtained before surgery and at 2 days postoperatively. X-ray stereograms were obtained at intervals from 2 days to 1 year after surgery. During the 1-year observation period, significant postoperative migration of the osteotomy segment was found at some stage in nine patients. No correlation between the amount of surgical repositioning and postoperative migration was found. However, a tendency toward superiorly directed postoperative migration of the osteotomy segment, independent of the direction of surgical repositioning, was observed. It is thus concluded that titanium miniplates do not prevent postoperative migration of the osteotomy segment. The weak correlation between the amount of surgical repositioning and postoperative migration of the osteotomy segment indicates that predictions of individual outcomes of surgical corrections are uncertain.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1998

Three-dimensional computer-graphic demonstration of facial soft tissue changes in mandibular prognathic patients after mandibular sagittal ramus osteotomy.

The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the three-dimensional changes in facial soft tissues in prognathic patients after orthognathic surgery. The soft tissue and skeletal tissue changes were analyzed with a noncontact three-dimensional digitizing system and roentgenographic cephalometry, respectively. Forty prognathic patients with or without asymmetry, who received only mandibular sagittal ramus osteotomy, were included in the study. The preoperative and 3-month postoperative digitized soft tissue images were superimposed from the nose to the forehead. Changes in the facial soft tissue were illustrated using a computer graphic image with tomographic cross sections at 1-cm intervals. Sagittal soft tissue dislocations of 75 facial measurement points were also calculated. Examination of patients with minimum transverse movement of the mandible revealed significant correlation between soft tissue and related hard tissue dislocation in the sagittal dimension in most landmarks at and below the upper lip. This noncontact three-dimensional digitizing system is very useful in analyzing facial soft tissue changes caused by orthognathic surgery.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Craniofacial heterogeneity of prepubertal Korean and European-American subjects with Class III malocclusions: procrustes, EDMA, and cephalometric analyses.

The purpose of this study is to determine whether there is a difference in craniofacial morphology in subjects of diverse ethnic origin with untreated Class III malocclusions, and thus to examine the validity of using similar therapeutic protocols in their orthodontic management. Lateral cephalographs of 142 Korean and European-American children aged 5 to 11 years were traced, and homologous cranial, midfacial, and mandibular landmarks were digitized. Procrustes analysis and Euclidean Distance Matrix Analysis (EDMA) were performed to identify size-corrected differences of the three craniofacial configurations, and bivariate analysis to determine statistical differences between 42 cephalometric parameters. Procrustes analysis indicated statistical significance for each configuration of landmarks; these results were confirmed by EDMA and cephalometry. Korean children appear to develop Class III malocclusions because of smaller anterior cranial base and midfacial dimensions, exacerbated by a large and less favorable mandibular morphology. Therefore, morphologic diversity of craniofacial components, presumably due to heterochrony during development, contributes to distinctive facial profiles associated with Class III malocclusions. Ethnic heterogeneity may need to be taken into account in the orthodontic management of Class III malocclusions.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMed1988

Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty in the sleep apnea syndrome. Predictors of results.

A prospective study of 34 consecutive patients with the sleep apnea syndrome was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness and complications of, and predictors of, results in a conservative type of uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP). At six months, 65% of the patients had a 50% or greater reduction in the number of apneas and hypopneas per hour (responders). The responders to UPPP were less severely affected preoperatively regarding apneas and hypopneas, the mean number of which (+/- SD) were 32.7 +/- 20.8 compared with 64.6 +/- 26.0. They also had a lower body mass index before UPPP (31.3 +/- 4.1 vs 36.0 +/- 7.0 kg/m2). Preoperative computed tomography and cephalometry indicated that the nonresponders had narrower upper airways. It is concluded that UPPP is the treatment of choice for mild to moderate sleep apnea syndrome, but not for severely affected, heavily overweight patients with an increased tongue width.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

The effect of dam's strain on the intrauterine craniofacial growth of mouse fetuses.

PURPOSE: The maternal effect is one of the important factors in mammalian growth in conjunction with the genetic effect. The present study investigated the prenatal maternal effect of a dam on the intrauterine craniofacial growth of a mouse fetus using embryo transfer and cephalometry. DDD/Qdj strain mouse embryos were transferred to four strains of recipient female mice (DDD/Qdj, C3H/Qdj, C57BL/Qdj, and DBA/1J Sea). Just after parturition cephalometric observation of the newborn offspring, which developed in the uteri of the four strains of dams, was performed and then the craniofacial size of the newborn offspring was calculated on the lateral cephalogram. Statistical analyses were performed to examine the correlation between the dam's weight and the craniofacial size of the newborn offspring, to test the significance of the effect of the dam's strain on the craniofacial size of the newborn offspring, and to evaluate the interstrain difference of the intrauterine craniofacial growth of the mouse fetuses. RESULTS: It was disclosed that there were a direct relation between the dam's weight and the craniofacial size of the newborn offspring, a significant effect of the dam's strain on the craniofacial size of the newborn offspring, and a significant interstrain difference in the craniofacial size of the newborn offspring after eliminating the effects of litter size and gestation period on the craniofacial size of the newborn offspring (DDD/Qdj > C3H/Qdj = C57BL/Qdj > DBA/1J Sea). CONCLUSION: Thus, it could be concluded that the four strains of dams affected differently the intrauterine craniofacial growth of the DDD/Qdj strain fetuses through each uterine condition, indicating that the dam's weight played an important role as one of the prenatal maternal effects on the intrauterine craniofacial growth of mouse fetuses.

Animals↗

PubMed2004

Three-dimensional point localisation in low-dose X-ray images using stereo-photogrammetry.

A stereo-photogrammetric method for three-dimensional reconstruction of points in low-dose digital X-ray images obtained using a scanner with similar imaging geometry to that of computed tomography scan projection radiography, was analysed. A calibration frame containing 25 radio-opaque markers with known three-dimensional locations was scanned, and the accuracy of reconstruction of the marker positions under varying control point configurations and separation angles was assessed. Errors of less than 1 mm were obtained when nine test points were reconstructed, with 16, 11 and 7 control points at a 90 degrees separation angle, and with 16 and 11 control points at 75 degrees and 60 degrees separation angles. The optimum reconstruction, with a resultant error of 0.68 mm, was found to occur at a separation angle of 90 degrees, with the largest number of control points (16) used to calculate the parameters of the transformation. Extrapolation in the scanning direction beyond the space defined by the control points gave errors of less than 2 mm. This method should be suitable for three-dimensional point reconstruction in applications such as cephalometry, brachytherapy planning and assessment of spinal shape.

Humans↗

PubMed1975

Oxytocin challenge test.

This study reviews the indications, interpretation, and practical application of the oxytocin challenge test (OCT) in 154 patients undergoing 375 tests. It emphasizes aspects of technique which may make the "challenge" nonphysiologic and the stress, therefore, nonquantifiable. Thirty-four positive or suspicious tests were obtained in 22 patients. These results are correlated with clinical complications of pregnancy; antepartum indices of fetal well-being (estriol, ultrasonic serial cephalometry, and the presence of meconium on amniocentesis); and subsequent intrapartum fetal heart rate response. Unsatisfactory (47 in 23 patients), false-positive, and false-negative tests are reviewed in detail. Since false-positive tests (47.9 per cent) are common whereas false-negative tests are rare (2.8 per cent), we conclude that the negative test is a reliable indication in high-risk pregnancies. Positive tests add to out data on the fetus and alert us to the need for a totally monitored labor.

False Negative Reactions↗