SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Chorionic Villi”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 667 records · Page 37Linked to original sources

PubMed1976

Congenital Chagas disease.

Two different histological types of congenital Chagas disease are defined. In one type, parasites were seen within the skeletal and cardiac fibers, and in the other, they are found mostly within the cells of the reticuloendothelial system. The latter was often associated with parasitized giant-cells with a single, lobulated, hyperchromatic nucleus. In 24 placentas, the most consistent findings were villous and intervillous inflammatory infiltrates. Amastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi were found mostly in the chorionic villi and in the chorionic plate, and less frequently in the fetal membranes.

Brain↗

PubMed1991

[Cytogenic anomalies and placental function].

Over the past few years growing knowledge of placental cytogenetics has led to the surprising observation that the chromosomal constitution of the placenta is not always identical to that of its fetus. This information comes primarily from three sources: analyses of chorionic villi obtained by choriocentesis (chorionic villus sampling); studies of abortions, particularly spontaneous ones; and analyses of extrafetal tissues performed following dubious prenatal diagnoses, or to investigate fetal pathologies such as intrauterine growth retardation. Our personal data and those reviewed in this article allow the conclusion that chromosomal aberrations, particularly in the mosaic state, are frequent in the placenta, and that at least some of these have less severe consequences when present in extrafetal tissues than when present in the fetus itself. The types of chromosomal errors observed differ according to the method of ascertainment, in spontaneous abortions for example as compared to pregnancies developing as far as the third trimester. The presence of a partially aneuploid placenta may be compatible with a continuing pregnancy, but be associated with problems such as inadequate fetal growth.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗

PubMed1997

[The effect of platelet activating factor on the biosynthesis of thromboxane A2 and prostaglandin I2 in human placental villi and umbilical artery].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of platelet activating factor (PAF) on the biosynthesis of thromboxane A2(TXA2) and prostaglandin I2(PGI2) in human chorionic villi and umbilical arteries. METHODS: We perfused the human placental villi and umbilical arteries with PAF (10(-9)-10(-7) mol/l), then quantified TXB2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha in the perfusion fluid by Radioimmunoassay. RESULTS: PAF stimulated the biosynthesis of TXA2 and PGI2 in human umbilical arteries and chorionic villi in vitro. The production of TXB2 increased from 63.15 +/- 13.24 pg/mg protein to 127.03 +/- 27.76 pg/mg protein with response to the stimulation of PAF (10(-9) mol/L) (P < 0.01). The concentration of PAF (10(-8) mol/L) displayed the most optimal stimulating effect on PGI2 biosynthesis in umbilical artery samples and the production of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha increased from 6,747.52 +/- 700.31 pg/cm to 8,342 +/- 335.81 pg/cm (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: PAF may affect the fetal-placental circulation by regulating the local levels of PGI2 and TXA2.

6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Prenatal diagnosis in the 1st trimester of pregnancy of the male fetus at risk for hemophilia B].

It is for the first time that chorionic villi biopsy was performed for diagnostic purposes; the indication for prenatal testing was haemophilia B-X-linked disease. The chorionic tissue was obtained by transcervical aspiration in the 9th week of gestation under ultrasound guidance. The techniques used for cytogenetic investigation were the Y body technique and direct fetal karyotyping. The presence of Y body was determined by slide examination. The analysis of the fetal karyotype confirmed the diagnosis of a male fetus. As this fetus had a great risk (50%) of being born with haemophilia B, the parents decided to terminate the pregnancy. It was done 9 days following the test. During this period no complications were observed. The chorionic villi biopsy has proved easy, quick, and successful in the diagnosis of X-linked disorders.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

Proteolytic activity of first trimester human placenta: localization of interstitial collagenase in villous and extravillous trophoblast.

In human placentation, events of implantation and early blastocyst development are mediated by fetal trophoblastic cells which penetrate into the maternal endometrium and myometrium. Although highly regulated in its biological behavior, trophoblast simulates a malignant neoplasm by virtue of invading the uterine wall and uterine spiral arteries and by embolizing throughout the systemic circulation. This process is at least in part dependant on the regulated production of proteolytic enzymes to degrade extracellular matrix. The most abundant extracellular protein is connective tissue type (interstitial) collagen. The uterine remodeling during the establishment of the embryo requires collagenase which catalyzes the initial step in the breakdown of collagen. This study demonstrates the presence of interstitial collagenase in villous and extravillous trophoblast of first trimester placenta using immunocytochemical methods on light microscopic and ultrastructural levels. Intracytoplasmic staining for interstitial collagenase was present in cyto- and syncytiotrophoblast covering the chorionic villi as well as in extravillous intermediate trophoblast invading spiral arteries in the placental bed. Furthermore, outgrowth cultures of chorionic villi were studied with the immunogold method. Gold labelling was associated with the cell surface of trophoblastic cells as well as with fibrillary collagen like proteins of newly synthesized extracellular matrix. We speculate that interstitial collagenase plays a role in the degradation of uterine collagen within the developing human placenta.

Cells, Cultured↗

PubMed1990

Direct analysis of uncultured cytotrophoblastic cells from second- and third-trimester placentas: an accurate and rapid method for detection of fetal chromosome abnormalities.

Transabdominal chorionic villus sampling can be readily used for detection of fetal chromosome abnormalities in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. Although culture of chorionic villi offers little advantage over cultured amniotic fluid cells with respect to time required to obtain results, cytogenetic analysis of chorionic villi by direct analysis of uncultured cytotrophoblastic cells offers clear advantages because of the very short time required to obtain results. To determine whether direct analysis of uncultured cytotrophoblastic cells from second- and third-trimester placentas can routinely provide rapid and accurate assessment of fetal status, we evaluated chorionic villus specimens obtained from 57 placentas; 49 placentas were sampled in the second trimester whereas eight were sampled in the third trimester. Direct preparations yielded karyotypes in 56 (98.2%) preparations; all results of direct analyses were available within 72 hours and, when requested, within 12 hours. All results were confirmed by chromosome analysis of cultured mesenchymal core cells or cultured fetal tissue. We conclude that direct analysis of cytotrophoblastic cells from second- and third-trimester placentas is a very rapid and accurate method for determining fetal chromosome status that is comparable with, if not superior to, percutaneous umbilical blood sampling.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Endocytic and transcytotic processes in villous syncytiotrophoblast: role in nutrient transport to the human fetus.

The supply of nutrients to the developing fetus is a major function of the human hemochorial placenta, a placenta type in which the fetal chorion is in direct contact with the maternal blood. At term, nutrients have to be transported across two cell layers in chorionic villi, the syncytiotrophoblast (STB) and fetal endothelial cells. The STB is a continuous syncytium covering the entire surface of chorionic villi. This polarized epithelium is specialized in exchange processes and membrane trafficking between the apical membrane facing the maternal blood and the basal membrane facing the fetal endothelium. To meet placental and fetal requirements, the STB selectively takes up and transports a variety of nutrients, hormones, growth factors and cytokines and also transfers passive immunity to the fetus by receptor-mediated transcytosis. In this review in vivo and in vitro systems currently used to study STB functions are discussed and the potential mechanisms of transplacental IgG, iron, lipoprotein and glucose transport are presented. As revealed in this article, the placenta is a tissue where intensive cell biological research is required to unravel endocytic trafficking pathways in a highly specialized cell such as the STB.

Biological Transport↗

PubMed1994

Interleukin-1 system in the materno-trophoblast unit in human implantation: immunohistochemical evidence for autocrine/paracrine function.

Interleukin-1 receptor type I, IL-1 beta, IL-1 receptor antagonist, and human macrophages were immunohistochemically localized in the villous trophoblast, maternal-trophoblast interphase, and maternal decidua during early human implantation. Immunostaining for IL-1 receptor type I was present in the syncytiotrophoblast and hyperplastic endometrial glands in the maternal decidua. Immunoreactive IL-1 beta was present in the villous cytotrophoblast, syncytiotrophoblast, intermediate trophoblast, and maternal stromal decidual cells. IL-1 receptor antagonist staining was observed in the glandular endometrium of the maternal decidua and in isolated cells located inside the chorionic villi, intervillous space, and maternal decidua. Mature human macrophages, as defined by both CD/68+ and HAM56+, were present in the chorionic villi, maternal blood of intervillous space, and maternal decidua. Co-localization studies demonstrated that macrophages in all of the reported locations also stained for immunoreactive IL-1 beta. Our results show the shared presence in maternal and embryonic tissues of this receptor-agonist-antagonist system during early human implantation. This finding supports an autocrine/paracrine role for the IL-1 system in human implantation.

Chorionic Villi↗

PubMed1994

Isolation of endothelial cells from human term placental villi using immunomagnetic beads.

Chorionic villi excised from freshly delivered human term placentae and small endothelial cell aggregates were released from them by the sequential use of collagenase and trypsin. The endothelial cells were further isolated by rosetting with magnetic polystyrene beads which were coated with QB END/40, the endothelial-specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) to thrombomodulin. Cell rosettes were plated on gelatin coated Petri dishes. The cells initially grew as discrete colonies but reached confluence within 7 days. The monolayers were sub-cultured five times, and grew to confluence each time. All the cells were immunoreactive to the endothelial markers von Willebrand factor, QB-End/40 and Ulex europaeus-1 lectin. They did not show immunoreactivity to trophoblast markers (mAbs ED341 and ED235). The isolated cells could also incorporate acetylated low-density lipoprotein. Most of the cells possessed an elongated morphology, though some were slightly spread and polygonal in shape. The cell monolayers did not resemble the typical cobblestone appearance of endothelial cells isolated from large vessels. Ultrastructurally, most of the cells resembled placental microvascular cells in shape and frequency of caveolae; undifferentiated cell-cell contacts and extracellular matrix material was observed. Human placental microvascular endothelial cells may offer an in vitro model which complements the use of the perfused term placental lobule in studies of microvascular permeability.

Endothelium, Vascular↗

PubMed1995

Ultrastructure of cellular components of human trophoblasts during early pregnancy.

Two cell types, the cyto- and syncytio-trophoblasts, were identified in human chorionic villi of 6-10 weeks' gestation. The intracellular organization of these cells was examined. Ultrathin sections of small pieces of chorionic villi revealed the presence of a multinucleate syncytiotrophoblastic layer, whose surface was covered with microvilli. The cytotrophoblasts, however, had a single large nucleus with a prominent nucleolus. An interesting feature of the basement membrane of these cells was the presence of aggregates of dark granules in samples of the earlier gestational age (6-8 weeks) and granular bodies having a dense outer ring and a translucent inner ring with a lucid central area in samples of 8-10 weeks' gestation. Both types of granules are mineralized and are assumed to perform a buffering role for maintaining the neutrality of the layer.

Cell Nucleus↗

PubMed1995

First-trimester enzyme exclusion of Farber disease using a micromethod with [3H]ceramide.

Farber disease was diagnosed in a patient with typical features and ceramide accumulation in lipogranulomatous nodules. [3H]Ceramide with high specific activity was prepared and used to confirm diagnosis in the patient after her death and for prenatal studies in this family. A micromethod was developed for ceramidase assay in chorionic villi.

Amidohydrolases↗

PubMed2005

Detection of chromosome abnormalities by quantitative fluorescent PCR in ectopic pregnancies.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the potential value of quantitative fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (QF-PCR) in the detection of chromosome abnormalities in ectopic pregnancies. METHODS: Seventy chorionic villi samples of ectopic pregnancies were studied by QF-PCR. Primers for chromosomes 16, 21, X and Y in chorionic villi were evaluated. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was performed when results of QF-PCR showed aneuploidy, in case of unexplicable QF-PCR peaks, and in 10 cases with normal QF-PCR results. RESULTS: QF-PCR produced a result for chromosomes X and Y in 66 cases (94%), for chromosome 16 in 62 cases (89%) and for chromosome 21 in 55 cases (79%). Overall, QF-PCR produced a result for the chromosomes tested in 54 ectopic pregnancy cases (77%). Fifty-two of these results were normal disomic (96%) and two were abnormal, one trisomy 16 (2%) and one triploidy (2%). In 16 cases (23%) no definite QF-PCR results could be obtained for all chromosomes, 11 due to amplification failure, and 5 due to unexplicable QF-PCR peaks. In 10 cases with normal QF-PCR results, disomy was confirmed by FISH. The trisomy 16 was also confirmed by FISH. Furthermore, a result was obtained with FISH in 5 of the cases without definite QF-PCR results. CONCLUSION: Although QF-PCR can establish the chromosomal status in ectopic pregnancies for chromosomes 16, 21, X and Y in the majority of cases, the technical failure rate is still considerable and does not improve results when compared to cytogenetic techniques.

Adult↗

PubMed1986

[Chorion biopsy--a new method of prenatal diagnosis].

Chorionic villi are derivates of the trophoectoderm and therefore have the same genetic constitution as the embryo. The recently developed techniques of chorionic villi sampling in the 9th to 11th week of pregnancy and the cytogenetic analysis of this material open a new field in the prenatal diagnosis of chromosomal aberrations. With this method, a result is obtained about 8 weeks earlier than with the classical procedures performed by amniocentesis. This offers major advantages to both patient and physician.

Abortion, Incomplete↗

PubMed2004

Abnormal development of the vasculosyncytial membrane in early pregnancy failure.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate chorionic villous vasculogenesis (maturation) and development of the vasculosyncytial membrane (margination) using CD34 immunohistochemistry. DESIGN: Case-control study. SETTING: Microscopic analysis of first trimester chorionic villi. PATIENT(S): Twelve patients with anembryonic pregnancies, 12 with embryonic death, and 12 with terminated normal pregnancies. INTERVENTION(S): Quantitative analysis of chorionic villi blinded to group and gestational age using CD34 immunohistochemistry. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Vascular parameters (mean functional vascular area, vessels with a lumen, and hemangiogenetic cords, peripherally or centrally located). RESULT(S): Terminated normal pregnancies show significantly more vessels per chorionic villus (maturation) (mean +/- SEM) in comparison with embryonic deaths and anembryonic pregnancies (5.3 +/- 0.3 vs. 1.4 +/- 0.2 and 0.7 +/- 0.1), located mainly peripherally (margination) (3.0 +/- 0.2 vs. 0.9 +/- 0.2 and 0.2 +/- 0.0). Anembryonic pregnancies show significantly more centrally located cords in comparison with embryonic deaths and termination of pregnancies (3.3 +/- 0.2 vs. 2.7 +/- 0.2 and 1.5 +/- 0.1). CONCLUSION(S): A defective chorionic villous vascularization, demonstrating inadequate vasculogenesis and abnormal development of the vasculosyncytial membrane, is seen in pregnancies complicated by embryonic death and is even more pronounced in anembryonic pregnancies. Initiation of placental vasculogenesis is a basic feature in all types of pregnancy and is subsequently modulated directly or indirectly by embryonic signaling.

Abortion, Induced↗

PubMed1988

Immunoblot detection of enzyme proteins of peroxisomal beta-oxidation in fibroblasts, amniocytes, and chorionic villous cells. Possible marker for prenatal diagnosis of Zellweger's syndrome.

The amounts of enzyme proteins of peroxisomal beta-oxidation in fibroblasts and chorionic villous cells from infants with Zellweger syndrome and in fibroblasts, amniocytes, and chorionic villi from healthy controls were measured by immunoblot analysis. Immunoreactive proteins of peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidase and 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase were absent in fibroblasts and chorionic villous cells from the patients, yet these enzyme proteins were present in fibroblasts, cultured amniocytes, and chorionic villi from the normal controls. These results show that immunoblot analysis of peroxisomal beta-oxidation enzymes in amniocytes and chorionic villous cells is of potential value for the prenatal detection of Zellweger syndrome.

Amnion↗

PubMed1994

Prenatal diagnosis of collagen disorders by direct biochemical analysis of chorionic villus biopsies.

We have developed a method for early prenatal diagnosis of molecular disorders of collagens I and III. The method takes advantage of the fact that isolated chorionic villi contain significant amounts of collagens in their extracellular matrix (stroma) and that they synthesize collagens in vitro. After metabolic labeling of chorion villus biopsies in toto with radioactive amino acids, collagens are extracted and analyzed by SDS-PAGE. Direct staining of the gel shows collagens synthesized in vivo, whereas autoradiofluorography identifies collagens synthesized during incubation in vitro. Unlike collagens synthesized by cultured amniotic fluid cells, collagens extracted from chorionic villi are not overmodified and thus allow better identification of molecular defects. Results are available within 3 to 5 d after biopsy. Using this method, we have correctly excluded Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type IV in two pregnancies, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type VII in one pregnancy, and lethal osteogenesis imperfecta in four pregnancies. In addition, we correctly predicted a healthy fetus and an embryo affected with lethal osteogenesis imperfecta in consecutive pregnancies from a couple in which the asymptomatic mother was a somatic mosaic for a COL1A1 G-to-A transition (Gly355Asp). Direct collagen analysis of chorion villus biopsies labeled in toto is rapid and reliable and may become the method of choice for the prenatal diagnosis of selected collagen disorders.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

[Pathology of gestational trophoblastic tumors].

Gestational trophoblastic tumours result from an abnormal proliferation of different types of trophoblasts. The morphological pattern, together with the immunohistochemical aspect, the cytogenetic data and the clinical profile, helps identify each pathological entity. Hydatiform moles represent malformed placentas caused by genetic aberrations of the villous trophoblast. A complete hydatiform mole displays an hydropic degeneration of all the chorionic villi with a more or less marked proliferation of trophoblasts. A partial hydatiform mole is made up of molar vesicles interspersed with normal chorionic villi. In an invasive hydatiform mole or chorioma destruens, molar vesicles penetrate the myometrium giving rise to a mass distorting the uterine wall. A choriocarcinoma is a malignant proliferation of atypical villous trophoblasts without villi formation. Necrosis, haemorrhage, vascular invasion and distant metastases strongly compromise its outcome. A trophoblastic implantation site tumor, clearly less frequent, results from a proliferation of extravillous trophoblasts, particular for their secretion of human placental lactogen hormone (hPL). This tumour, exceptionally malignant, should be differentiated from the exaggerated placental site and its variants. Except for the placental site trophoblastic tumour, and whatever the outcome (benign or malignant), all gestational trophoblastic tumours secrete the beta-subunit of the chorionic gonadotropic hormone (beta-hCG) more or less abundantly. The serum or urinary level of this unit is proportional to the tumour volume and represents a fundamental basis for the follow-up of these tumours. Multidisciplinary care of high-risk cases allows us to cure the disease, and helps the patient recover her reproductive uterine function.

Chorionic Gonadotropin, beta Subunit, Human↗

PubMed1994

[Is routine microscopy of tissue from induced abortions necessary?].

This study was performed in order to evaluate the importance of routine microscopy of tissue from legal abortions performed before the end of the 12th week of pregnancy. The tissues recovered from 580 abortions were examined carefully macroscopically before they were sent to microscopy. Five hundred and fifty-four samples (95.5%) were judged by macroscopic examination to contain the normal products of pregnancy. These all contained chorionic villi when examined histologically. Macroscopic examination was inconclusive in the remaining 26 samples (4.5%), 22 of these samples proved after all to contain chorionic villi when examined histologically. We conclude that histological examination of tissue from legal abortions is unnecessary in most cases if it is replaced by careful clinical examination of the sample, only to be followed by microscopy if the findings are uncertain.

Abortion, Induced↗