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PubMed2005

Medicaid program; state allotments for payment of Medicare Part B premiums for qualifying individuals: federal fiscal year 2005. Interim final rule with comment period.

This interim final rule with comment period sets forth the methodology used to compute State allotments that are available to pay Medicare Part B premiums for qualifying individuals, allows changes to the State allotments and describes the methodology used to determine the changes to each State's allotment.

Health Care Rationing↗

PubMed1992

Comments on functional endoscopic sinus surgery.

A brief comment on functional endoscopic sinus surgery with the result of 208 cases were presented. It was stressed that all sinus patients must have very intensive conservative management, much longer than previously thought, before functional endoscopic sinus surgery should be employed. Functional endoscopic sinus surgery is a vastly superior method of surgically treating the paranasal sinuses. It is based on the principles of reestablishing normal physiology of the sinus mucosa. It affords an excellent basis for removal of disease, establishing natural drainage, aeration and restoration of normal physiology.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

Medicare program; health care infrastructure improvement program; selection criteria of loan program for qualifying hospitals engaged in cancer-related health care. Interim final rule with comment period.

This interim final rule with comment period sets forth the criteria for implementing a loan program for qualifying hospitals engaged in research in the causes, prevention, and treatment of cancer as specified in section 1016 of the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement and Modernization Act of 2003 (MMA) (Pub. L. 108-173). Specifically, this rule establishes a loan application process by which qualifying hospitals including specified entities may apply for a loan for the capital costs of health care infrastructure improvement

Economics, Hospital↗

PubMed2005

[Comments on Nigel Wiseman's "A Practical Sictionary of Chinese Medicine"--on Wiseman' s literal translation].

Comments were made on the word-for-word literal translation method used by Mr. Nigel Wiseman in A Practical Dictionary of Chinese Medicine. He believes that only literal translation can reflect Chinese medical concepts accurately. The so-called "word-for-word" translation is actually "English-word-for-Chinese-character" translation. First, he made a list of Single Characters with English Equivalents, and then he replaced each character of Chinese medical terms with the assigned English equivalent. Many English terms thus produced are confusing. The defect of the word-for-word literal translation stems from the erroneous idea that the single character constitutes the basic element of meaning corresponding to the notion of "word" in English, and the meaning of a disyllabic or polysyllabic Chinese word is simply the addition of the meanings of the two or more characters. Another big mistake is the negligence of the polysemy of Chinese characters. One or two English equivalents can by no means cover all the various meanings of a polysemous character as a monosyllabic word. Various examples were cited from this dictionary to illustrate the mistakes.

Medicine, Chinese Traditional↗

PubMed2006

Medicare program; Medicare secondary payer amendments. Interim final rule with comment period.

This interim final rule with comment period implements amendments to the Medicare Secondary Payer (MSP) provisions under Title III of the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003 (MMA). The MMA amendments clarify the MSP provisions regarding the obligations of primary plans and primary payers, the nature of the insurance arrangements subject to the MSP rules, the circumstances under which Medicare may make conditional payments, and the obligations of primary payers to reimburse Medicare.

Humans↗

PubMed2006

[Comments on "A practical dictionary of Chinese medicine" by Wiseman].

At least 24 Chinese-English dictionaries of Chinese Medicine have been published in China during the recent 24 years (1984-2003). This thesis comments on "A Practical Dictionary of Chinese Medicine" by Wiseman, agreeing on its establishing principles, sources and formation methods of the English system of Chinese medical terminology, and pointing out the defect. The author holds that study on the origin and development of TCM terms, standardization of Chinese medical terms in different layers, i.e. Chinese medical in classic, in commonly used modern TCM terms, and integrative medical texts, are prerequisites to the standardization of English translation of Chinese medical terms.

Book Reviews as Topic↗

PubMed2006

Medicare program; Medicare graduate medical education affiliation provisions for teaching hospitals in certain emergency situations. Interim final rule with comment period.

This interim final rule with comment period will modify the current Graduate Medical Education (GME) regulations as they apply to Medicare GME affiliations to provide for greater flexibility during times of disaster. Specifically, this rule will implement the emergency Medicare GME affiliated group provisions that will address issues that may be faced by certain teaching hospitals in the event that residents who would otherwise have trained at a hospital in an emergency area (as that term is defined in section 1135(g) of the Social Security Act (the Act)) are relocated to alternate training sites.

Disaster Planning↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Legal protection of the genetic heritage in Brazil (comments on the new "Biosafety Law" of March 24, 2005)].

The purpose of the current article is to outline and comment the most important aspects of the regulation of Brazil's criminal legislation about the protection of the human genome, which establishes crimes related to genetic manipulation and to the dissemination of transgenics in the environment. It also refers to the problems related to the application of the old legal text (Law 8.974/1995), which punished conducts that stayed without the enough development. These gaps complicated so much the application of those rules that the Brazilian Parliament has recently proposed the complete modification of the present legislation by a new Biosecurity Law (Law 11.105/2005). This law for the first time authorizes research with human embrionyc stem cells in Brazil, trying thus to solve in this way the problem of cryoconserved human embryos produced by in vitro fertilization programmes. The new law is analyzed here from a legal and ethical view point.

Brazil↗

PubMed2006

Medicaid program; state allotments for payment of Medicare Part B premiums for qualifying individuals: federal fiscal year 2006. Interim final rule with comment period.

This interim final rule with comment period sets forth the methodology and process used to compute and issue each State's allotment for fiscal year (FY) 2006 and FY 2007 that is available to pay Medicare Part B premiums for qualifying individuals. It also provides the preliminary FY 2006 allotments determined under this methodology.

Cost Sharing↗

PubMed2006

The use of ingredients of potential public health concern. Compliance with the HACCP system regulations and request for comment.

The Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) is publishing this document to inform establishments that prepare meat and poultry products of the need to ensure that they maintain proper control over the use of ingredients, especially those that present a potential public health concern, and over the ingredient labeling of their products. Establishments should ensure that their systems provide such control as part of their next reassessment of their HACCP systems. FSIS invites comments on the matters presented in this document.

Allergens↗

PubMed2006

Medicaid program; citizenship documentation requirements. Interim final rule with comment period.

This interim final rule with comment period amends Medicaid regulations to implement the provision of the Deficit Reduction Act that requires States to obtain satisfactory documentary evidence of an applicant's or recipient's citizenship and identity in order to receive Federal financial participation. This regulation provides States with guidance on the types of documentary evidence that may be accepted, including alternative forms of documentary evidence in addition to those described in the statute and the conditions under which this documentary evidence can be accepted to establish the applicant's declaration of citizenship. It also gives States guidance on the processes that may be used to help minimize the administrative burden on both States and applicants and recipients.

Documentation↗

PubMed2005

[Comments, expectations and advice of the local people on mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) control studies in the Ankara-Gölbaşi region.].

In the Ankara-Gölbaşi region, mosquitoes are found in dense populations. A public survey has been carried out in order to determine the comments and the advice of the local people on the mosquito control studies. A total of 17 questions were asked in this public survey of 416 local people. Majority of the local people said that they are disturbed by mosquitoes and that they want to be informed in this subject. Besides, it has been found that the local people are highly sensitive to environmental pollution.

English Abstract↗

PubMed1991

[Clinical aspects commented on].

Psoriasis is a chronic and common disease (prevalence of 1/1000 in France). It is therefore highly probable that it will be encountered by all non-dermatologists in their practice, hence the necessity for them to be able to recognize its principal forms. The clinical presentations of psoriasis are multiple and varying in their severity. In any given patient flare-ups may constantly be similar or change in the course of time. In the vast majority of cases skin lesions are typical, leading to a purely clinical diagnosis without need for additional investigations, and treatment can be instituted. In some case, however, the lesions are atypical and the diagnosis is doubtful. This is where histological skin biopsy can be of considerable help. Finally, other skin lesions may resemble psoriasis and be misleading; here again, histology or some other laboratory examinations will provide the correct diagnosis. In this chapter all these situations are presented be means of photographs accompanied with comments, which illustrate the semeiological and clinical diversity of psoriasis.

Humans↗

PubMed1991

Examining exclusionary conduct of HMOs and PPOs: a case comment on Northwest Medical Laboratories v. Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Oregon.

As the climate of the health care industry has changed to one of cost-containment and competition through the growth of HMOs and PPOs, health care providers have become the subjects of antitrust litigation. One such case, Northwest Medical Laboratories v. Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Oregon, involved a medical laboratory and a radiology center who claimed that they were victims of an illegal group boycott after defendant's pre-paid health plan denied them preferred provider status. The Oregon Court of Appeals, using the traditional antitrust analysis applied to other industries for decades, failed to consider the intricacies that exist within the health care industry. This result led to an inaccurate market share computation and an inadequate rule of reason analysis. This Comment examines the shortcomings of the Northwest Medical opinion and argues that, in applying the antitrust laws to the health care industry, courts in future cases must recognize and respect the unique features of the business of providing health care.

Blue Cross Blue Shield Insurance Plans↗

PubMed1990

[Comments on policy--elderly count for much, or counting the elderly? A new statement on policy for the elderly].

The Dutch government has published a new white paper 'Elderly count for much' on policy for the aged. In this document the central principle for social policy is the integration of the elderly in society. Old age policy is characterized as 'integral policy' that is it tries to integrate the traditional fields of social and economic policy, and as 'complementary' policy, that is it tries to complement general policy. The main characteristics of the action program 1990-1994 include: prevention, the integration of housing and services, care for elderly with chronic diseases, education, strengthening of labor-market participation of 50+, the position of elderly women and societal attitudes towards aging and the elderly. In this comment it is argued that this white paper initiates positive developments, but there remain several minor and major problems. We are critical about the role of education, the instruments for an active labor-market policy, the lack of attention for the European dimension, and about the lack of attention for future developments in generational equity and age-rationing of service allocation. We appreciate the attention for age discrimination, and possibilities for longitudinal research. We conclude that 'integrated policy' is only in its initial phase. In this white paper the government is only successful in an integrated policy in the fields of housing and care, not in other fields like technology, labor and education. 'Complementary' policy is not enough to create a firm infrastructure in the aging field. If initiatives in the field of aging are considered as 'extra's' this policy will soon be confronted with the boundaries it creates itself. Although attention for the challenges of graying is growing, old age policy is still marginal compared to the main general policy.

Aged↗

PubMed1990

[Empathy and prevention: from the child's viewpoint. Comments on a school diary developed from dental prophylaxis messages].

The paper presents, explains and comments on the theoretical, practical and applied aspects of a collaborative enterprise between Health Services and a primary school in the context of a dental hygiene and preventive project organised by the USSL no. 19 in Mediobrenta. The enterprise in question concerned the experimental writing, by the children themselves, of a school diary, based on messages regarding dental health and hygiene formulated by the Odontostomatological Service in line with learning processes and communication models used during infancy. The experiment formed part of the general active approach of modern psychological pedagogy, and proved particularly efficacious in introducing medical concepts to an infantile population which would otherwise have met with much greater resistance.

Child↗

PubMed1990

[Psychoreactive disorders: introduction to the problem and comments on its diagnosis and classification].

The author submits an introduction to the problem of psychoreactive disorders and some comments on the concept, diagnosis and classification of these disorders which at first sight are very simple but actually are rather complicated. Their knowledge is so far very inadequate despite their large number. The author hopes that the present work will stimulate further concentrated elaboration of this urgent psychiatric problem.

Adjustment Disorders↗

PubMed1990

Some comments on teaching biostatistics in medical and health sciences.

The role of statistical methods is now well recognized in health sciences since these disciplines are concerned with the study of communities or populations where the principles of sampling and statistical inference are clearly applicable. However, many medical and health sciences teachers and students have been slower to perceive the need for knowledge of biostatistical methods, even though all aspects of medical diagnosis and prognosis are governed by the laws of probability. Some of them are still skeptical about the value and importance of biostatistical principles to their fields and raise questions about the meaning, content, and nature of biostatistics and relevance of its teaching to health sciences disciplines. The purpose of this essay is to address some of these issues with the hope to invoke comments and responses from other biostatistics instructors who have encountered similar predicaments in their teaching and consulting roles to health sciences students and professionals.

Biometry↗