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At least 667 records · Page 37Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Evaluation of five commercial tests for detection of immunoglobulin M antibodies to human parvovirus B19.

The following commercial tests for detection of immunoglobulin M antibodies to human parvovirus B19 were evaluated: Ideia Parvovirus B19-IgM, MRL Diagnostics Human Parvovirus B19 IgM ELISA, Parvoscan-B19, and Biotrin Parvo B19 IgM EIA and IF. A total of 203 serum specimens from patients who probably have current B19 infections or have other viral infections and sera with rheumatoid factor were investigated. Between 75 and 79 of 102 serum samples from patients thought to have current B19 infections yielded positive results with the different tests. Ideia had the highest specificity (94.8%), while Parvoscan showed a specificity of only 70.1%. Our evaluation results show that Ideia, MRL, and Biotrin EIA and IF can be recommended for diagnostic purposes.

Diagnostic Errors↗
PubMed1996

Diagnosis of parvovirus B19 infection by detection of specific immunoglobulin M antibody in saliva.

Serum and saliva samples were simultaneously collected from patients with B19 infection. Specimens were collected in a period of 1 to 18 days after the onset of symptoms. Saliva samples were collected with a commercial device, OraSure. The quality of these samples was evaluated by determining the concentration of total immunoglobulin G (IgG) by an enzyme immunoassay. The concentration of IgG in these samples ranged from 4.8 to > 250 mg/liter. B19 infection was confirmed for 20 patients by testing sera in a 1: 100 dilution by an IgM capture enzyme immunoassay (MACEIA) and an IgM capture hemadherence test (MACHAT). Saliva samples from these IgM-positive patients were tested neat by MACEIA and MACHAT. IgM could be detected in 11 of 20 (55%) samples by MACEIA and in 15 of 18 (83%) samples by MACHAT. Serum and saliva samples from a further 17 patients with rash were also tested. All of these specimens were unreactive by both assays. These results show that saliva may be a convenient alternative to serum for the diagnosis of recent B19 infection.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1996

Comparative evaluation of virological and serological methods in prenatal diagnosis of parvovirus B19 fetal hydrops.

Human parvovirus B19 infection in pregnancy represents a potential hazard to the fetus since fetal loss or fetal hydrops can occur. The risk of fetal loss due to transplacental B19 transmission has been evaluated in several studies using different diagnostic methods on maternal and fetal specimens. We analyzed the diagnostic value of virological and serological techniques on maternal serum, fetal cord blood, and amniotic fluid specimens obtained at the time of clinical diagnosis of fetal hydrops in 18 cases of B19 fetal hydrops. B19 DNA was detected by nested PCR, dot blot hybridization, and in situ hybridization assay. Anti-B19 immunoglobulin M and G antibodies were detected by immunoassays using recombinant B19 antigens. Our data suggest that for maternal sera, virological and serological methods have a complementary role in diagnosis, while for fetal specimens the in situ detection of B19 DNA in fetal cord blood is the most sensitive diagnostic system.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Detection of parvovirus B19 DNA in bone marrow cells by chemiluminescence in situ hybridization.

A chemiluminescence in situ hybridization method was developed for the search of B19 parvovirus DNA in bone marrow cells, employing digoxigenin-labeled B19 DNA probes, immunoenzymatically detected with a highly sensitive 1,2-dioxetane phosphate as chemiluminescent substrate. The light emitted from the in situ-hybridized probe was analyzed and measured by a high-performance luminograph connected to an optical microscope and to a personal computer for the quantification of the photon fluxes from the single cells and for image analysis. The chemiluminescence in situ hybridization was applied to bone marrow cell smears of patients with aplastic crisis or hypoplastic anemia, who had been previously tested by in situ hybridization with colorimetric detection, dot blot hybridization, and nested PCR. The chemiluminescent assay provided an objective estimation of the data, proved specific, and showed an increased sensitivity in detecting B19 DNA compared with in situ hybridization with colorimetric detection.

Anemia, Aplastic↗
PubMed2000

Impaired gamma interferon responses against parvovirus B19 by recently infected children.

Parvovirus B19 is the causative agent of "fifth disease" of childhood. It has been implicated in a variety of conditions, including unsuccessful pregnancy and rheumatoid arthritis, and is a potential contaminant of blood products. There has been little study of immunity to parvovirus B19, and the exact nature of the protective humoral and cell-mediated immune response is unclear. Immune responses to purified virus capsid proteins, VP1 and VP2, were examined from a cohort of recently infected children and compared with responses from long-term convalescent volunteers. The results demonstrate that antibody reactivity is primarily maintained against conformational epitopes in VP1 and VP2. The unique region of VP1 appears to be a major target for cell-mediated immune responses, particularly in recently infected individuals. We confirm that antibody reactivity against linear epitopes of VP2 is lost shortly after infection but find no evidence of the proposed phenotypic switch in either the subclass of parvovirus B19-specific antibody or the pattern of cytokine production by antigen-specific T cells. The dominant subclass of specific antibody detected from both children and adults was immunoglobulin G1. No evidence was found for interleukin 4 (IL-4) or IL-5 production by isolated lymphocytes from children or adults. In contrast, lymphocytes from convalescent adults produced a typical type 1 response associated with high levels of IL-2 and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma). However, we observed a significant (P<0.001) deficit in the production of IFN-gamma in response to VP1 or VP2 from lymphocytes isolated from children. Taken together, these results imply that future parvovirus B19 vaccines designed for children will require the use of conformationally preserved capsid proteins incorporating Th1 driving adjuvants. Furthermore, these data suggest novel mechanisms whereby parvovirus B19 infection may contribute to rheumatoid arthritis and unsuccessful pregnancy.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Aseptic meningitis caused by human parvovirus B19.

Reports on aseptic meningitis caused by human parvovirus B19 are extremely rare. A case of aseptic meningitis is described in which human parvovirus B19 DNA was detected in the acute phase in cerebrospinal fluid by the polymerase chain reaction.

Child↗
PubMed2002

Causes of morbilliform rash in a highly immunised English population.

AIMS: To determine the causes of morbilliform rash and fever in a population with high vaccination coverage for measles and rubella. METHODS: Comprehensive laboratory investigation additional to routine oral fluid testing of children presenting to primary care physicians in East Anglia, England. RESULTS: Laboratory confirmation of infection was obtained in 93 (48%) of 195 children: parvovirus B19 in 34 (17%); group A streptococcus in 30 (15%); human herpesvirus type 6 in 11 (6%); enterovirus in nine (5%); adenovirus in seven (4%); and group C streptococcus in six (3%) (four individuals tested positive for two agents). None had measles or rubella. CONCLUSIONS: Oral fluid testing to cover infections additional to measles and rubella aids clinical management and is likely to maintain uptake of testing, which is essential for measles and rubella surveillance in highly immunised low incidence populations.

Adenoviridae Infections↗
PubMed1992

Possible induction of systemic lupus erythematosus by human parvovirus.

A 59 year old woman presented with an influenza-like illness preceding signs and symptoms strongly suggestive of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), which progressed over several months. Owing to these influenza-like symptoms, a viral cause of her illness was sought. Human parvovirus B19 serology was positive and antibodies to DNA were detected by two different methods. This patient is believed to be the first report of human parvovirus B19 infection coinciding with the onset of SLE. The evidence for B19 virus and the part it plays in autoimmunity and arthritis is discussed.

Antibodies, Antinuclear↗
PubMed1994

Does parvovirus B19 have a role in rheumatoid arthritis?

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether parvovirus B19 (B19) infection is associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS: The polymerase chain reaction was applied to serum, cells isolated from synovial fluid, and synovial fluid. Enzyme immunoassay technique was used to detect antibodies against B19. RESULTS: Of 142 patients with early RA (onset of disease under one year) and 67 control patients, serological evidence of recent parvoviral infection was found in 4/135 and 2/62, respectively. However, no evidence for the presence of parvoviral DNA was observed in 18 synovial fluids, 21 samples of synovial fluid granulocytes or 40 sera, all obtained from 65 patients diagnosed with early RA. CONCLUSION: Although there is published evidence of chronic rheumatoid-like arthropathy following acute parvovirus infection, our findings do not support the involvement of B19 in the aetiopathogenesis of RA.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Influence of previous exposure to human parvovirus B19 infection in explaining susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis: an analysis of disease discordant twin pairs.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the association between exposure to parvovirus B19 and susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS: One hundred and fifty five twin pairs (76 monozygotic (MZ) and 79 dizygotic (DZ)), discordant for RA, were tested for the presence of IgG antiparvovirus antibodies using ELISA. The data obtained were analysed using conditional logistic regression, from which odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. RESULTS: Overall, there was no association between exposure to parvovirus and RA (OR = 1.2, 95% CI: 0.7-1.7). However, in two subgroups there was a suggestion of an association. These were: (1) pairs where the affected twin was rheumatoid factor (RF) seronegative (OR = 2.0, 95% CI: 0.9-12.4) and (2) in opposite-sexed twin pairs where the affected twin was female (OR = 3.0, 95% CI: 0.9-11.6). CONCLUSION: Previous exposure to parvovirus infection did not explain disease susceptibility in both MZ and DZ discordant pairs with rheumatoid arthritis. This infection, however, might be relevant in some subgroups.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1995

Association between human parvovirus B19 infection and arthritis.

OBJECTIVE: To gain information concerning the association between parvovirus B19 infection and arthritis. METHODS: Blood or synovial fluid, or both, from a total of 77 adult patients with various arthropathies (rheumatoid arthritis 13; mechanical arthropathies 11; crystal induced arthritis 13; idiopathic mono/oligoarthritis 25; suspicion of viral arthritis 15) were tested for the presence of the viral genome and anti-B19 antibodies. B19 DNA in blood and synovial fluid was investigated by nested polymerase chain reaction, and anti-B19 IgM and IgG antibodies were detected in blood by enzyme immunoassay. RESULTS: A recent parvovirus infection was documented by the presence of anti-B19 IgM antibodies in the blood of 13 patients. B19 DNA, together with anti-B19 IgM and IgG antibodies, were detected in the blood of seven patients who had an acute transient arthritis, putatively of viral origin. Viral DNA was detected in a synovial fluid sample and in the blood of one patient with monoarthritis who had an anti-B19 IgG response only. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of anti-B19 IgG antibody in these patients with various forms of arthritis (63%) was within the same range as that in the general population (blood donors). However, for the patients with clinical suspicion of viral arthritis, the increased seroprevalence of anti-B19 IgM and the presence of the B19 genome point to an association between human parvovirus infections and acute forms of arthritis.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Persistence of parvovirus B19 in synovial fluid and bone marrow.

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether parvovirus B19 (B19) persists in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect parvovirus B19 genome in the synovial fluid cells or peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 61 patients with early RA; bone marrow from one patient was also studied. The synovium or synovial fluid cells from 28 patients with advanced RA, and synovial fluid cell samples from 18 patients with reactive arthritis (as controls) were studied. Two separate sets of primers and probe were used. RESULTS: Parvovirus B19 specific gene sequences were detected in two patients with early arthritis fulfilling the criteria for RA. CONCLUSION: Parvovirus B19 does not play a significant role in the aetiopathogenesis of RA. However, a few cases of a disease indistinguishable from RA may be triggered by parvovirus B19 infection.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Effect of HLA type and hypocomplementaemia on the expression of parvovirus arthritis: one year follow up of an outbreak.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the effect of HLA type and hypocomplementaemia on the duration and severity of joint involvement in parvovirus infection (HPV). METHODS: Forty seven patients were selected on a geographical basis from 83 with proven HPV infection during an outbreak that occurred in Oxfordshire in 1993. They were contacted by questionnaire a year later. Thirty five patients were available for examination and blood sampling. Subjects were typed for HLA-DRB1 alleles and HLA-B27 status. Immunological profiles, including C3 and C4 complement components, were determined. RESULTS: Joint symptoms occurred in all patients. They resolved within a week in 12 patients and persisted beyond one year in 19. On review, none had a picture of rheumatoid arthritis, but three patients had developed carpal tunnel syndrome. Decreased C4 was found in four. The HLA frequencies were similar to those in controls; however, joint symptoms persisted for more than one week in all HLA-DR4 positive patients (p = 0.009). There was no relation between the severity of joint symptoms and either HLA type, or hypocomplementaemia. CONCLUSIONS: Joint symptoms are common in parvovirus infection and the presence of HLA-DR4 may be associated with persistence of joint symptoms beyond one week. This study revealed no evidence of progression to rheumatoid arthritis.

Adult↗