PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “ESKIMOS”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 667 records · Page 37Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Bone mineral-osteon analysis of Yupik-Inupiaq skeletons.

Living adult Eskimos from St. Lawrence Island, North Alaska, and Canada undergo an earlier and more rapid rate of age-related bone mineral loss compared to U.S. whites. Further, it has been shown that Eskimos and Indians differ in patterns of osteon remodeling at the Haversian envelope. Femoral bone cores from adult Eskimos skeletons from St. Lawrence Island (n = 53), Kodiak Island (n = 92), Baffin Island (n = 44), and Southampton Island (n = 69) were analyzed and the results compared with those obtained from cores from U.S. whites (n = 144). Cortical thickness, bone mineral content of cores, cortical bone density, secondary osteon and Haversian canal number and area were quantified for each core. Ages at death were estimated by histological methods and compared with the ages at death estimated by morphological methods for the Eskimo skeletons. Known ages at death were compared with histologically estimated ages at death for the U.S. white series. St. Lawrence Island and Kodiak Island (Yupik speakers) Eskimo cortical thickness values were significantly (P less than .05) greater than Baffin Island and Southampton Island (Inupiaq speakers) Eskimos cortical thickness values but less than the cortical thickness values for U.S. whites. The bone mineral content of the Southampton Eskimos femoral cores was the lowest found in this study. Histological analysis of the femoral bone sections showed that Eskimos contain more osteons per unit area than U.S. whites. No differences in osteon size were noted between the two populations. Differences in patterns of osteon remodeling between Eskimos and whites were inferred. Age at death estimation by histological methods in Eskimos using U.S. white regression equations yielded age estimates in poor agreement with those obtained by morphological methods.

Age Determination by Skeleton↗
PubMed1976

Primary angle-closure glaucoma. Oculometry, epidemiology, and genetics in a high risk population.

The ocular dimensions in patients suffering from primary angle-closure glaucoma (a.c.g.) have been studied in several clinical series, chiefly in Caucasians. The epidemiology and aetiology of a.c.g. are less well known although genetic factors seem to be involved. Eskimos have recently been shown to constitute a high risk population with respect to a.c.g. Consequently, a series of oculometric, epidemiologic, and genetic studies among Greenland Eskimos was undertaken. Besides the immediate purpose, prevention of blindness in this population, the survey had important general aspects and the following main results were obtained: 1a) Ocular dimensions, as well as clinical symptoms, in Eskimo a.c.g. patients correspond closely to those of a.c.g. reports from other ethnic groups and 1b) ocular dimensions of the anterior segment in the general Eskimo population deviate conspicuously towards the low level characteristic of all samples of a.c.g. patients. 2) A.c.g. prevalence rates were estimated at 1.6% in males and 5.1% in females of the general population aged 40 years or more. The epidemiology of a.c.g. seems to reflect closely the variations of axial anterior chamber depth (ACD) according to race (Eskimo, Caucasian), sex and age. Empirical a.c.g. risk estimates, depending on the ACD value, were obtained in elderly females. 3) A relatively shallow chamber was found in 1st and 2nd degree relatives of a.c.g. patients, in close agreement with an earlier study in Caucasians (Törnquist 1953). However, also in the general Eskimo population a pronounced familial resemblance with respect to ACD and corneal diameter was found. Thus the family studies indicate that the size of the anterior chamber shows a mainly genetic determination, which probably constitutes the genetic basis of a.c.g. as well. With this background a hypothesis is discussed, which interprets the small anterior chambers in Eskimos as a result of genetic adaptation to arctic environment. Corneal protection may have been the significant advantage and the a.c.g. load in elderly persons a relatively less important cost.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Plasma essential fatty acids in pure and mixed race American Indians on and off a diet exceptionally rich in salmon.

Eskimos on a traditional diet have unusually low prevalences of cardiovascular disease and cancer. One possible reason is the high intake of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) which is thought to account for the high EPA and low arachidonic acid (AA) levels in Eskimo plasma. People who also consume a traditional diet exceptionally rich in EPA are the Indians of the west coast of Vancouver Island. There are about 12,000 of these people and their traditional diet has been affected much less than that of the Eskimos. When on their traditional diet the Vancouver Island Indians, like the Eskimos, have high EPA and low AA levels in plasma. When eating European food, EPA levels are in the European range, but AA levels are still exceptionally low, a finding also reported from Eskimos living in Denmark. In a small mixed race group, AA levels were intermediate between those in pure Indians and in Europeans. The high EPA levels in Eskimos and West Coast Indians are related to diet. The low AA levels, in contrast, are probably genetically determined. Unusual disease patterns in these populations cannot be entirely attributed to diet.

Adult↗