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PubMed1987

Effects of lithium on the endocrine system: a review.

Lithium has been established as a useful drug for the treatment of mood and behavior disorders. In addition to its therapeutic role in psychiatric disease it is important to recognize that it has diverse effects on endocrine function. These include the development of hypothyroidism and goiter in up to 10% of patients. Hyperthyroidism is a rare but reported side effect. Other abnormalities include hypercalcemia, diabetes insipidus, and altered carbohydrate metabolism. Depending on the clinical situation it is usually not necessary to discontinue lithium treatment, but appropriate intervention to correct the resulting endocrine abnormality may be indicated. This review emphasizes that psychiatrists and clinicians caring for patients given lithium need to be aware of the possible endocrine effects of this drug.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1998

[The effect of cervical sympathectomy on the pituitary and pineal endocrine system].

It was reported previously that continuous exposure to light in male rats increased serum luteinizing hormone (LH) and bilateral cervical sympathectomy inhibited such a change. In the present report, to examine the effect of cervical sympathectomy on the pineal endocrine function, 30 male rats were assigned to five groups. The control (C) group and the light (L) group underwent sham sympathectomy as well as sham pinealectomy. The sympathectomy (S) group underwent sympathectomy and sham pinealectomy. The pinealectomy (P) group and pinealectomy-melatonine (PM) group underwent sympathectomy and pinealectomy. The C group was kept under a normal circadian rhythm for 10 days, and the other groups were kept under continuous exposure to light for the same period. The PM group received subcutaneously 10 mg.kg-1 of melatonine every day. Serum LH levels were measured 10 days following these experiments. With regard to serum LH levels, the differences among C group, L group, and S group were similar to those previously reported. It was higher in P group (2.53 +/- 0.40 ng.ml-1) than in S group (1.58 +/- 0.61 ng.ml-1), and lower in PM group (2.08 +/- 0.31 ng.ml-1) than in P group. In conclusion, it is suggested that the endocrine activity of melatonine from the pineal gland plays an important role in the appearance of the effect of cervical sympathectomy.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Steroidal interactions in the ageing endocrine system: absence of suppression and pathology in reproductive systems of old males from a mixed-sex socially stressful rat colony.

A paradigm using chronic social stress and multiple measures of the reproductive system were used to assess changes with ageing in the dynamics of endogenous steroid interactions. The 22- to 24-month-old male rats lived for 8 weeks in one of four types of colony, in groups of the same sex or groups of mixed sex including familiar or unfamiliar old males. Measures of endocrinology (circulating steroid levels), behaviour (exploration and sociosexual responses), physiology (body and organ weights and epididymal sperm count) and histology (adrenal and ventral prostate glands) served as markers of activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) or hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular (HPT) axes. Old males living under stable conditions as familiar same-sex colonies served as the comparison group. Results indicated clear chronic activation of the HPA axis in the unfamiliar all-male colonies and of the HPT axis in the familiar males from mixed-sex colonies, whereas both steroidal axes were stimulated in colonies of unfamiliar males and females. Findings from aged males under chronic stress suggested that reproductive dysfunction may be limited to situations in which activation of the HPA axis occurs without concurrent stimulation of the HPT axis. Data on steroidal interactions from mixed-sex groups suggested that (1) chronic excitation of the HPA failed to suppress function in the reproductive system of the old males, (2) their stress responses were little affected by chronic HPT activation and (3) there was no evidence for stress-induced pathology, even in the vulnerable prostate gland.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aging↗