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At least 667 records · Page 37Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

[Inhaled nitric oxide therapy].

Inhaled nitric oxide (INO) therapy is becoming an indispensable measure in some critically ill patients with pulmonary hypertension. Most importantly, it has been shown that INO significantly reduces the necessity for extracorporeal lung assist in newborns with hypoxemic respiratory failure and pulmonary hypertension. A large number of basic and clinical studies are making great steps in delineating its physiology, techniques, side effects, and clinical efficacy. This article reviews the current knowledge of INO therapy including a novel device of nitric oxide production system.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed2000

Immunohistochemical localization of protein 3-nitrotyrosine and S-nitrosocysteine in a murine model of inhaled nitric oxide therapy.

Inhaled nitric oxide (INO) therapy is currently used clinically to selectively dilate the pulmonary vasculature and to help treat persistent pulmonary hypertension and bronchopulmonary dysplasia in the neonate. However, in the presence of oxygen or superoxide, nitric oxide forms potentially harmful reactive nitrogen species. Using an experimental mice model, we examined the effects of concurrent hyperoxia and INO on protein tyrosine nitration and cysteine S-nitrosylation in pulmonary tissue. Data showed enhanced 3-nitrotyrosine staining within the airway epithelium and alveolar interstitium of mice lungs treated with hyperoxia, which did not increase significantly with INO administration. Within the alveolar interstitium, 3-nitrotyrosine staining was localized to macrophages. S-Nitrosocysteine staining in airway epithelium was significantly enhanced with INO administration regardless of oxygen content. These data suggest that the formation of protein S-nitrosocysteine is the major protein modification during administration of INO.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed2005

Metered-dose inhalers and dry powder inhalers in aerosol therapy.

Inhaled drug delivery is an important part of the armamentarium of clinicians caring for patients with pulmonary disease. An increasing variety of metered-dose inhalers and dry powder inhalers are becoming available. This has been driven by the development of new formulations and the impending ban on chlorofluorocarbon propellants. The result is a proliferation of devices, resulting in a confusing number of choices for the clinician, as well as confusion for patients trying to use these devices correctly. The presenters at this conference included many of the world's authorities on metered-dose inhalers and dry powder inhalers, and were an appropriate mix of academic aerosol scientists, clinician researchers with an interest in aerosol therapy, and aerosol scientists working for industry. Improper inhaler technique is common among patients. One of the important take-home messages of this conference is the importance of clinicians knowledgeable in the use of aerosol delivery devices and clinicians' ability to teach patients how to use these devices correctly. Respiratory therapists are uniquely positioned to provide this service, and there is evidence that respiratory therapists may do this better than others. The proceedings of this conference provide the current state of the art of metered-dose inhalers and dry powder inhalers.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical pathophysiology of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn and the role of inhaled nitric oxide therapy.

Inhaled NO can cause marked improvement in oxygenation when optimal lung inflation is achieved and systemic blood volume and vascular resistance are adequate. However, inhaled NO alone is unlikely to cause sustained improvements in oxygenation in neonatal hypoxemic respiratory failure associated with severe parenchymal lung disease without extrapulmonary shunting. Inhaled NO may be an important tool in the management of severe PPHN when its application is limited to patients with severe extrapulmonary shunting.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1998

[The radon therapy: radon inhalation spa in Kowary].

In this paper the measurements of radon-222 concentration in the air of Kowary Radon Inhalatorium in the vicinity of Jelenia Góra, Lower Silesia, Poland, performed by Radiation Protection and Radiobiology Department of National Institute of Hygiene in Warsaw, have been presented. For the measurements the integration method with the application of charcoal canisters have been used. The radon concentration was found within the very broad ranges from about 4 to 420 kBq m-3 depending of the season of the year. Basing on the radon concentration measurements during the inhalation therapy session and taking into account the equilibrium factor of 0.8 the doses to the bronchi of the patients in range from 1.2 to about 204 mSv (0.12-20.4 rem) have been assessed. The majority of patients (ca. 76%) received the doses between 115 and 204 mSv.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed2005

What plays a role in the choice of inhaler device for asthma therapy?

Inhalation is the preferred route of delivery for anti-asthma drugs. However, in reality inhalers are often prescribed on an empirical basis rather than on evidence-based awareness. Asthma management guidelines also guide inhaler choice, but they offer non-specific advice regarding inhaler choice, are very long and complicated and not conducive to rapid assimilation by a busy GP. In addition, device selection criteria differ according to who you are asking (i.e. the inhalation technologist, the physician or the patient). The ideal inhaler should be small and have a guided sequence of inhalation, leading patients in a logical sequence of events through the inhalation manoeuvre. It should be breath-activated, releasing medication only when all prerequisites for successful inhalation are met. Most importantly, there should be flow-independent deposition of drug in the lungs and feedback on the successfully performed inhalation manoeuvre to reassure the patient that the drug has been successfully released from the inhaler. The ideal inhaler should also have a low intrinsic airflow resistance, making it suitable for use by patients who have a low inspiratory airflow (e.g. children and elderly patients). In order to check for compliance, the ideal inhaler should have an accurate dose counter which is linked to correct inhalation rather than simply to dose release, and patients should be able to use an identical inhaler device to deliver each of their different medications. Finally, from an environmental and cost-effectiveness point of view, the ideal inhaler should be refillable. Among the currently available dry powder inhalers the Novolizer device fulfils several characteristics of an ideal inhaler for the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Anti-Asthmatic Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[New concepts of corticosteroid treatment in pulmonary diseases of the premature infant].

Corticosteroids for treatment or prevention of pulmonary disease are milestones in the management of preterm infants nowadays. Prenatal maternal administration as well as postnatal treatment of the mechanically ventilated preterm infant with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) are considered to be established concepts. However, the side effects of systemically given corticosteroids can be considerable (e.g., increased mortality, which cannot be explained by a specific side effect). In order to avoid as many side effects as possible and to attain an optimal response determining the best regimen is under current investigation. This review describes new concepts of corticosteroid application from the last years which have focused on "pulse"-therapy, inhalative therapy and early administration of corticosteroids. In conclusion, the trend is using corticosteroids as a prophylaxis for BPD in preterm infants instead of as a consequent treatment.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗