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Results for “INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE”

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At least 667 records · Page 37Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Timolol versus pilocarpine separately or combined with acetazolamide-effects on intraocular pressure.

Fifty-eight patients with intraocular hypertension or primary open angle glaucoma participated in a double masked randomized study. Timolol in concentrations 0.25% and 0.5% was compared with 1, 2, or 4% pilocarpine Acetazolamide (250 mg x 3) was added if intraocular pressure (IOP) was uncontrolled with the highest concentrations tested. No statistical difference was found in hypotensive effect between pilocarpine and timolol neither on ocular hypertensions nor glaucomas. The additive hypotensive effect of acetazolamide was the same for both substances. Once a day by administration of timolol was sufficient in 17 of 20 cases controlled merely by topical administration.

Acetazolamide↗
PubMed1992

Postural behaviour of intraocular pressure following trabeculoplasty.

Postural behaviour of intraocular pressure (IOP) was studied in 29 glaucomatous eyes before and after argon laser trabeculoplasty (ALT) and compared with that of 60 normal eyes. Although argon laser trabeculoplasty was successful in lowering the IOP below 21 mm Hg, it produced little effect on the postural behaviour of the IOP. No significant change was observed in the amplitude of postural rise of IOP in ALT treated eyes.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Effect of physical exertion on intraocular pressure in healthy persons with similar degrees of physical fitness].

35 young, healthy men were divided at random into two groups. Each of them made physical effort of different intensity and different quantity of the work performed. It was found that intraocular pressure was decreased in both groups but its drop was bigger in the group whose work was more strenouos. From the difference of performance of intraocular pressure in both the controlled groups we can conclude the degree of reduction of intraocular pressure and length of its duration may depend on quantity of the work performed. The pulse and blood pressure seem not to affect the intraocular pressure.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Intracamerally applied prostacyclin raises the intraocular pressure in the rabbit.

The effects of prostacyclin (PGI2) upon intraocular pressure and pupil size were examined in anaesthetized rabbits. Intracamerally applied PGI2 within the dosage range of 0.1 to 1.0/microgram led to an increase of the intraocular pressure (IOP) measured directly and continuously, and to a miosis. 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha, the product of hydrolysis of prostacyclin did not influence IOP or reaction of the pupil. Topical single doses of PGI2 of 4 to 80/micrograms on conjunctiva and cornea of the eye had no effect.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[The effect of neural mediation on the immediate rise in intraocular pressure in glaucomatous eyes after cyclocryotherapy (author's transl)].

As a rule, there is a transient rise in intraocular pressure following cyclocryotherapy. The preoperative administration of retrobulbar anaesthesia to a group of patients significantly reduced intraocular pressure after cyclocryotherapy in this group as compared with a control group without anaesthesia. These results imply that the temporary rise in intraocular pressure after cyclocryotherapy is mediated by a neural pathway.

Ciliary Body↗
PubMed1993

Evaluation of intraocular pressure fluctuations with differing phacoemulsification approaches.

Simultaneous two-camera video tracings of phacoemulsification surgery and intraocular pressure fluctuations were made. The fluctuations were transmitted to a quartz pressure transducer through a chamber maintainer that was plugged into the anterior chamber. The transducer was connected to a monitor and recorder calibrated to measure pressure variations between -8.6 and +60 mm Hg. Using common audio for synchronization, the pressure tracings were keyed over the surgical videos and combined in a single film. High, medium, and low inflow volume techniques used by many surgeons exhibiting commensurately higher or lower intraocular pressure fluctuations were scrutinized. Methods to increase inflow volume without a proportionate pressure increase were devised.

Cataract Extraction↗
PubMed1995

Neural rim area declines with increased intraocular pressure in urban Americans.

OBJECTIVE: To determine intraocular pressure (IOP)-related differences in the neural rim area among urban Americans without known optic nerve disease. DESIGN: Population-based prevalence study conducted in 16 cluster areas in East Baltimore, Md. PARTICIPANTS: A population-based sample of 1521 black and 1851 white individuals aged 40 years and older without evidence of optic nerve disease. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Intraocular pressure-related differences in neural rim area, neural rim area-to-disc area ratio, and cup-to-disc ratio. RESULTS: We analyzed optic disc photographs using the Imagenet system (Topcon Instrument Corp of America, Paramus, NJ). After adjusting for age and disc area, white Americans had a 6% decrease in neural rim area for every 10-mm Hg increase in IOP (P = .0001). In black Americans, there was a quadratic relationship between neural rim area and IOP, with little decline with IOP up to approximately 17 mm Hg, after which neural rim area declined significantly with higher IOP (P = .001). Similarly, the neural rim area-to-disc area ratio decreased and the vertical cup-to-disc ratio increased with increasing IOP in both black and white Americans. CONCLUSIONS: The higher the level of IOP, the smaller was the amount of neural rim tissue in the optic disc for both black and white Americans. However, the relationship between IOP and neural rim area was different in whites and blacks.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Timolol. Hypotensive effect, used alone and in combination for treatment of increased intraocular pressure.

In 43 persons with increased intraocular pressure (IOP) Timolol maleate eye drops (0.25% and 0.5%) were used as a single and combined treatment. A significant decrease in IOP was noticed in 34 persons (P less than 0.001) initially. No diminished effect of treatment was apparent after 9 weeks in 34 subjects or after 15 weeks in 23 subjects with Timolol alone. In nine persons with high IOP, Timolol had a significant (P less than 0.001) but insufficient lowering effect. Epinephrine (1%) and acetazolamide appeared to have an additive effect in these cases. No serious local or systemic adverse effects were discovered.

Acetazolamide↗
PubMed1983

Alcuronium and intraocular pressure.

The effects of alcuronium on intraocular pressure (IOP) was studied in 20 patients undergoing elective ophthalmic surgery. IOP was measured with the Schiötz indentation tonometer before induction, after induction, and after tracheal intubation. Combined administration of a standardized sleep dose of thiopental (5 mg/kg) and alcuronium (0.25-0.30 mg/kg) significantly (P less than 0.001) decreased IOP from control values of 15.3 +/- 2.33 mm Hg (mean +/- SD) to 8.91 +/- 2.15 mm Hg. Intubation of the trachea significantly (P less than 0.001) increased IOP to 12.58 +/- 3.05 mm Hg, a level still significantly (P less than 0.001) lower than control values.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Effect of reproductive status on intraocular pressure in cats.

OBJECTIVE: To measure intraocular pressure (IOP) and progesterone concentrations in cats and to examine their reproductive organs to determine whether reproductive status affects IOP in cats. ANIMALS: 75 sexually intact domestic shorthair cats scheduled to be neutered, including 28 males, 21 females not in estrus, 13 females in estrus, and 13 pregnant females. PROCEDURES: Applanation tonometry was conducted to measure IOP and radioimmunoassay was used to determine progesterone concentrations. Reproductive organs were examined at time of surgery. RESULTS: The IOP in female cats that were in estrus was significantly higher than IOP in female cats that were not in estrus. Progesterone concentrations significantly affected IOP in pregnant cats. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: In cats, IOP is affected by changes in reproductive status. Such changes should be considered when interpreting tonometry results in this species.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Effects of propofol on intraocular pressure during the induction of anesthesia].

A study of variations in intraocular pressure during anaesthetic induction with propofol was carried out in 20 patients. There were compared with the effects caused by thiopentone. The intraocular pressure fell by 50%; this was very significant. Besides, a more important fall in blood pressure was seen with propofol (congruent to 15%) than with thiopentone (less than 10%). Complete recovery was faster after an anaesthesia with propofol. This drug seemed to be particularly interesting in ophthalmologic anaesthesia in elderly people.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

[Diffuse diabetic macular edema. Intraocular pressure after intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide].

BACKGROUND: Intraocular pressure (IOP) after intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (TA) for diffuse diabetic macular edema will be analyzed. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This prospective, non-randomized interventional case-series study included 69 patients (n=81 eyes) with diffuse diabetic macular edema receiving intravitreal TA (about 20 mg); 4 eyes had re-injection. Follow-up was 7.66+/-7.36 months. RESULTS: IOP increased significantly (p<0.001, Wilcoxon) from mean preoperative 15.4+/-3.2 mmHg to mean maximum postoperative 20.4+/-4.7 mmHg. An increase of >21 mmHg in 31 eyes (38.3%) was noted. In eyes with secondary hypertension, IOP was controlled with antiglaucomatous drops; 6 months after injection IOP was normal without medication. CONCLUSION: After intravitreal TA, secondary ocular hypertension develops in 38.3% in eyes with diabetic diffuse macular edema after 1 month, which can be controlled by antiglaucomatous drops. Diffuse diabetic macular edema may not imply a contraindication for intravitreal TA.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of hyperbaric oxygen on intraocular pressure.

The effects of hyperoxia on intraocular pressure (IOP) have been studied in experiments on human beings and animals. The changes occurring in IOP in patients during routine HBO2 therapy are unknown. In this study we investigated IOP changes arising during the HBO2 therapy at 2.5 ATA. Fifty-six patients receiving HBO2 therapy for various reasons were included in the study. Bilateral IOPs of patients measured with the Tono-pen XL (Medtronic, Solan, USA) tonometer before, during and after HBO2 therapy. Average IOPs were 14.85 +/- 3.17 mmHg (range, 10-24), 13.00 +/- 2.97 mmHg (range, 9-21) and 14.74 +/- 3.12 mmHg (range, 10-22), respectively. IOP was reduced significantly during HBO2 therapy and returned its pre- HBO2 levels after therapy. Our data indicated a statistically significant decrease in IOPs during therapy at 2.5 ATA. This decrease was of minor physiological significance in these patients whose baseline IOP values were within the normal range.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Effect of auriculopalpebral nerve block and intravenous administration of xylazine on intraocular pressure and corneal thickness in horses.

Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured, using applanation tonometry, in both eyes of 20 horses after topical application of 0.5% proparacaine to the cornea. Ultrasonic pachymetry was used to measure central, mid-peripheral, and peripheral corneal thickness (CT) in all 4 quadrants of both eyes of 25 horses. All measurements were repeated after auriculopalpebral nerve block, sedation by IV administration of xylazine, or combination of nerve block and sedation. Mean IOP after topical anesthesia of the cornea was 20.6 +/- 4.7 mm of Hg for the left eye and 20.35 +/- 3.7 mm of Hg for the right eye. Mean central CT was 793.2 +/- 42.3 microns. The peripheral part of the cornea was significantly (P < 0.05) thicker, on average, than the central part of the cornea. Auriculopalpebral nerve block had no significant effect on IOP or CT. Intravenous administration of xylazine resulted in a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in IOP, but had no effect on CT.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Intraocular pressure response to scleral indentation.

PURPOSE: Intraocular pressure (IOP) is influenced by many factors. Our purpose was to determine the immediate response of the IOP to scleral indentation (SI). METHODS: Twenty-five subjects had IOP measured using Goldmann applanation tonometry before and after SI. The total indentation time was 40 s. IOP was remeasured in a masked fashion. RESULTS: Average IOP for the control eyes was 15.32 mm Hg (range: 10 to 22 mm Hg) before SI and 14.80 mm Hg (range: 9 to 24 mm Hg) after SI. The average IOP for the subject eyes was 15.08 mm Hg (range: 8 to 22 mm Hg) before SI and 13.14 mm Hg (range: 6 to 22 mm Hg) after SI. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate an average decrease of 1.94 mm Hg for the subject eyes vs. 0.52 mm Hg for the control eyes in response to SI. This represents a statistically significant drop in IOP among the subject eyes in response to SI (p < 0.001).

Adult↗
PubMed1985

The Honan intraocular pressure reducer. An experimental study.

Although use of the Honan intraocular pressure reducer is believed to be clinically safe and effective in reducing IOP and the risk of vitreous loss, the IOPs achieved during application of the device have not been directly measured. Intraocular pressure dynamics in ten eyes of five patients were measured shortly after death, using a pressure transducer within the anterior chamber as the Honan device was applied. Pressures were measured again after enucleation. The peak IOPs produced in eyes in situ were much lower than in the same eyes after enucleation. The peak IOP increased as the initial IOP was raised. The Honan device would appear to be safe for eyes undergoing routine anterior segment surgery, but the pressures that may be generated in hypertensive eyes (IOP greater than or equal to 35 mm Hg) might put these eyes at risk for vascular occlusion.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

[Management of ocular hypertension and chronic open-angle glaucoma by French ophthalmologists: the role of target intraocular pressure].

PURPOSE: A low level of intraocular pressure (IOP) can reduce or even stop the progression of glaucoma. It is essential to limit conversion from ocular hypertension (OHT) to glaucoma. The IOP value that protects the visual field and the optic nerve is called target IOP. This study analyzes how French ophthalmologists determine the target IOP level. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The main objective of this prospective, multicenter national survey was to analyze the management of OHT or glaucoma patients and to evaluate the importance of target IOP in the therapeutic strategy. RESULTS: A total of 972 ophthalmologists included 11.177 patients from May 2002 to March 2004. In 68.7% of cases, the practitioner determined the target IOP level using the following methods: a target of 15 mmHg or 17 mmHg or a reduction of the IOP level in percentage (EGS guidelines). This mean target IOP ranged from 14.3 to 17.3 mmHg. DISCUSSION: The estimation of target IOP is used by the majority of French ophthalmologists. CONCLUSION: This study shows that the determination of target IOP is becoming increasingly important in the therapeutic decision and follow-up in the routine practice of French ophthalmologists.

Aged↗