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Results for “Injections, Subcutaneous”

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At least 667 records · Page 37Linked to original sources

PubMed2001

Combined ingestion and subcutaneous injection of elemental mercury.

A 40-year-old man with a history of schizophrenia and inflammatory soft tissue lesions after self-injection of elemental mercury presented to the Emergency Department. Multiple skin abscesses associated with fever required operative debridement. An incidental finding of oral mercury ingestion was followed clinically and did not result in complications. Exposure to elemental mercury through injection or ingestion is an uncommon event, but one the Emergency Physician may encounter. Subcutaneous mercury injection should be managed with local wound debridement, whereas ingestions are rarely of clinical significance.

Abscess↗

PubMed1991

Sources of variation in 133Xenon washout after subcutaneous injection on the abdomen.

The washout of 133Xenon injected locally in three subcutaneous regions on three volunteers was in a repeated latin square design analyzed regarding flow values and initial clearance. Blood flow showed no dependence on injected volumes (.02-.5 ml), but there was a significant day-day variation and regional and personal differences in subcutaneous blood flow. The initial fast washout was related to the injected volumes due to trauma and dilution of the tissue. From these results precautions are described to increase the validity of the local 133Xenon washout method for measurement of subcutaneous blood flow. In repeated clinical studies it remains important even on the same individuals to record sources of variation apart from the variable to be investigated.

Abdomen↗

PubMed1998

[A model of rat's urinary bladder tumor induced by subcutaneous injection of N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)-nitrosamine].

A model of urinary bladder tumor was developed in the rat by subcutaneous injection of N-dibutyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine. A direct dose-tumor frequency correlation was established. Maximum effect (100%) was recorded with administration of 70 mg of the carcinogenic agent twice a week, for 3 months. Among neoplasms induced were transitional-cell and in situ carcinoma, and multiple papilloma of the bladder. Carcinogenesis was found to involve a significant rise in the activity of urinary beta-gluco-uronidase which may be used as a diagnostic testing procedure.

Animals↗

PubMed1996

Induction of interleukin-1 beta mRNA in the hypothalamus following subcutaneous injections of formalin into the rat hind paws.

The induction of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) mRNA in the rat brain following subcutaneous injection of formalin into the hind paws was investigated by in situ hydridization. IL-1 beta mRNA was markedly induced in the hypothalamus after the injection of formalin into both hind paws. On the other hand, IL-1 beta mRNA was scarcely observed in the hypothalamus of saline-injected control rats. The type of cells expressing IL-1 beta mRNA was likely glia because their nuclei were densely stained by Cresyl violet and were relatively small. The present results suggest that IL-1 beta mRNA is induced in the glial cells of the hypothalamus by persistent pain which is caused by formalin injection.

Animals↗

PubMed1978

Distribution of radioactivity in myelin lipids following subcutaneous injection of [14C]stearate.

Blood fatty acids are an important parameter for the synthesis of brain myelin as exogenous stearic acid is needed: after subcutaneous injection to 18-day-old mice this labelled stearic acid is transported into brain myelin and incorporated into its lipids. However the acid is partly metabolized in the brain by elongation (thus providing very long chain fatty acids, mainly lignoceric acid) or by degradation to acetate units (utilized for synthesis of medium chain fatty acids as palmitic acid, and cholesterol). These metabolites are further incorporated into myelin lipids. The myelin lipid radioactivity increases up to 3 days; most of the activity is found in phospholipids; their fatty acids are labelled in saturated as well as in polyunsaturated homologues but sphingolipids, especially cerebrosides, contain also large amounts of radioactivity (which is mainly found in very long chain fatty acids, almost all in lignoceric acid). The occurrence of unesterified fatty acids must be pointed out, these molecules unlike other lipids, are found in constant amount (expressed in radioactivity per mg myelin lipid).

Animals↗

PubMed1995

[Continuous subcutaneous injection therapy with interferon-alpha for renal cell carcinoma patients with bone metastasis].

Thirteen patients with renal cell carcinoma who had proven bony metastases were treated with multimodal treatment including surgery, radiotherapy and immunotherapy in the form of subcutaneous continuous injection of by natural type interferon-alpha (INF). The mode of administration of IFN was as follows: IFN, 2,5000 x 10(4) unit dissolved in 60 ml saline, was continuously injected (0.5 ml/hr) via a subcutaneous route as one course of the treatment and was given two courses in two weeks preoperatively. Postoperatively, IFN was given every week and the number of courses totally amounted to 15. In some cases IFN was given thereafter either every week or every other week. In four patients whose serum concentration of IFN was measured during and after administration of continuous IFN, the concentration of IFN rose after injection and showed 40.5 IU/ml in average 24 hours later. The concentration was kept measurable in six to eight days long and the maximum concentration was 167 IU/ml. In IFN-treated patients nine survived including two CRs, two NCs, five PDs and four deaths. The five year survival rate was 53%. Continuous subcutaneous injection of IFN in combination with surgery and/or radiotherapy is effective in the treatment of bony metastasis from renal cell carcinoma.

Aged↗

PubMed1990

Pharmacokinetics of methotrexate administered by intramuscular and subcutaneous injections in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

The serum concentrations and the pharmacokinetics of low-dose methotrexate (MTX) were compared after both intramuscular (IM) and subcutaneous (SQ) injections in 5 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Values for the observed peak concentration, the time to the observed peak concentration, and the area under the time versus concentration curve for IM injections were not significantly different from these values for SQ injections. These results suggest that IM and SQ are interchangeable routes of administration. SQ administration may be a more convenient and less painful way of administering low-dose MTX.

Aged↗

PubMed1995

Numerical approximation of mathematical model for absorption of subcutaneously injected insulin.

A pharmacokinetic model is modified to enable quantitation of subcutaneous insulin absorption following insulin injections of soluble insulin and monomeric insulin analogues. The model for soluble insulin includes diffusion, equilibration between hexameric and dimeric insulin and absorption of dimeric insulin molecules. Numerical approximation is carried out by modelling the whole system as a capacitor-resistor network with lumped elements and discrete sources and sinks. By means of the analytical solution for monomeric-insulin absorption, it can be shown that the approximation scheme yields sufficiently accurate results. The modified model for soluble insulin demonstrates dose- and concentration-dependent insulin absorption within the range of therapeutic concentrations and volumes. Additionally, parameters are estimated from published glucose-clamp data. The results of the data fitting indicate that the model presented is adequate for pharmacological studies. The model is suitable for individual parameter estimation from the time course of plasma insulin or from the disappearance curves of radiolabelled injected insulin.

Humans↗

PubMed1999

Absorption and biodistribution of 111indium-labelled desferrioxamine (111In-DFO) after subcutaneous injection of 111In-DFO liposomes.

In the present study the kinetics of the release of desferrioxamine (DFO) from liposomes (fluid and rigid liposome type) at the subcutaneous (s.c.) injection site was studied. DFO was labelled with 111indium (111In-DFO) and the fate of s.c. administered liposomal 111In-DFO was monitored with a gamma camera. Free 111In-DFO rapidly disappeared from the s.c. injection site [90% of the injected dose (%ID) within 2 h]. After s.c. injection of the fluid liposome type, 20 %ID was released within 4 h and 50 %ID within 24 h. Approximately 25 %ID remained at the injection site 6 days after injection. With the rigid liposome type, no initial release (within 4 h) was observed. The rate of DFO release was similar to the fluid liposome type. Free drug was rapidly cleared from the bloodstream (within 2 h), while low, but detectable blood levels of 111In-DFO were maintained for 6 days after s.c. injection of liposomal drug. This resulted in higher peak levels of 111In-DFO in liver and kidney (4-6 %ID/g) compared with free drug (2-4 %ID/g), which were reached later in time. The present data point to sustained release of DFO from s.c. administered DFO-liposomes as the mechanism behind their enhanced therapeutic effect in murine malaria.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

Unfractionated heparin and CY 216: pharmacokinetics and bioavailabilities of the antifactor Xa and IIa effects after intravenous and subcutaneous injection in the rabbit.

This report compares the pharmacokinetics and the bioavailabilities of the antifactor Xa and of the antifactor IIa activities generated by intravenous (IV) and subcutaneous (SC) injections of increasing doses of unfractionated heparin (UH) and of a low molecular weight heparin (CY 216). Rabbits were injected with 500, 1,000, 2,500, and 5,000 antifactor Xa u/kg of both heparins and their biological activities were followed at various time intervals. After IV injection the clearance of the antifactor Xa activities was independent of the dose and the clearance of UH was significantly higher than that of CY 216; after SC injection the bioavailability estimated from the antifactor Xa effect was consistently over 100% for CY 216 while that of UH increased from 27% at the lowest dose to 93% at the highest dose. The pharmacokinetic parameters estimated by the antifactor IIa activity of UH were superimposable to those calculated with the antifactor Xa activity. For CY 216 no direct comparison between the two activities was made since the dose injected expressed in antifactor IIa units was 3.4 times lower. UH and CY 216 were therefore injected intravenously to other animals at equivalent and increasing doses expressed in antifactor IIa units (50-5,000 u/kg). The pharmacokinetic parameters calculated from the curves of the antifactor IIa activities were basically identical except at the two lower doses (50 and 100 u/kg) for which UH was cleared faster than CY 216.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗

PubMed1987

ara-C in plasma and ara-CTP in leukemic cells after subcutaneous injection and continuous intravenous infusion of ara-C in patients with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia.

Six patients with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia (ANLL) were treated sequentially with one subcutaneous (SC) injection (50 mg/m2) and one 156 hour continuous intravenous (IV) infusion (100 mg/m2/d) of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara-C) with an interval of 12 hours. Leukemic cells were isolated from venous blood samples. The intracellular concentration of ara-C 5'-triphosphate (ara-CTP) was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography, and in two of the patients the plasma concentration of ara-C was determined by radioimmunoassay. A rapid biphasic elimination of the drug from plasma with an initial half-life of 18 minutes was seen after SC injection. After about 1.5 hours, the concentration was lower than that obtained at steady-state during continuous IV infusion. In the leukemic cells, the concentration of ara-CTP was higher after SC injection than during continuous IV infusion for about five hours. The mean half-life was 2.1 hours. Judging from the intracellular concentration of ara-CTP, considered to be the active metabolite, the results suggest that SC administration of ara-C can mimic continuous IV infusion if the dose interval is reduced from the traditional 12 hours to four to six hours. The results of this study emphasize the differences between the plasma pharmacokinetics of the parent drug and the concentration of the active metabolite in leukemic cells.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1979

Evidence that protease inhibitors reduce the degradation of parathyroid hormone and calcitonin injected subcutaneously.

1 Agents known to delay absorption from a subcutaneous site were tested in chicks for their ability to prolong the hypercalcaemic response to parathyroid hormone (PTH). 2 Polyvinylpyrrolidone was found to enhance the response but gelatine greatly reduced the 2 h hypercalcaemia. 3 The reduction by gelatine was reversed when the protease inhibitor aprotinin was added to the injection vehicle, and hypercalcaemia then persisted for more than 8 h. 4 Of other protease inhibitors studied, epsilon-aminocaproic acid was also found to enhance the hypercalcaemic response to subcutaneous PTH and its fragments but, unlike aprotinin, it was ineffective in the presence of gelatine. 5 By radioimmunoassay and bioassay respectively, it was confirmed that aprotinin raised circulating levels of PTH and also of another peptide hormone, calcitonin, injected subcutaneously. 6 Addition of calcium to the solutions injected subcutaneously abolished the hypercalcaemic response to PTH while injection of calcium and PTH simultaneously but at separate sites left the response unaltered. 7 The two protease inhibitors, epsilon-aminocaproic acid and aprotinin, each restored the response to subcutaneous PTH despite the presence of calcium at the injection site. 8 It was concluded that protease inhibitors injected subcutaneously with PTH and calcitonin in the chick reduced the rate of degradation of these hormones and that the proteases responsible for hormone degradation at the subcutaneous injection site may be released or activated by calcium ions.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Distribution of cocaine and metabolites in the pregnant rat and fetus in a chronic subcutaneous injection model.

We examined the distribution of cocaine and its metabolites benzoylecgonine (BE) and norcocaine (NOR) in pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats and fetuses following twice-daily subcutaneous (s.c.) injections of 20 mg/kg cocaine HCl from gestational day (GD) 8 through GD 20. On GD 21, the animals received a single injection and maternal trunk blood, fetal blood, fetal brains, and amniotic fluid were collected 5 min, 15 min, 30 min, 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 8 h, or 12 h later for cocaine and metabolite analyses by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV detection. The highest concentrations of cocaine and BE were detected in maternal plasma at 1 h and 4 h respectively. Cocaine peaked at 2 h and BE at 4 h in both fetal plasma and brain. In amniotic fluid, cocaine levels peaked at 2 h, but the highest BE levels were found at 8 h postinjection. An additional group of chronically treated dams was given both cocaine injections on GD 21 and sacrificed 2 h later. Benzoylecgonine concentrations were increased in fetal plasma, fetal brain, and amniotic fluid when compared with the 2-h results following a single cocaine treatment. Moreover, NOR, which had not been previously detected, was now measurable in the amniotic fluid.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Some biochemical responses of rat skeletal muscle to a single subcutaneous injection of a toxin (notexin) isolated from the venom of the Australian tiger snake Notechis scutatus scutatus.

1. Some biochemical responses of mammalian skeletal muscle to a single subcutaneous injection of a purified toxin from the venom of the Australian tiger snake, Notechis scutatus scutatus, have been investigated to determine the role of changes in peptide hydrolase enzymes in the muscle wasting caused by notexin administration. 2. Within 6 h of injection, serum creatine kinase activity was increased by five- to ten-fold, and remained elevated for at least 24 h. 3. There was an initial inflammatory response in the muscle adjacent to the site of injection; by 12 h after injection, muscle wet weight increased by 60%. 4. After the initial increase, wet weight fell to about 50% of normal at 7 days. Normal wet weight was achieved by 20 days after the injection. Over the period 1-20 days after the injection of the toxin, the changes in wet weight were mirrored by changes in non-collagen protein content. 5. The activities of cathepsin B and acid proteinase were increased following the injection of the toxin. By 2 days after injection, there was a ten-fold increase in the activity of cathepsin B, and a seven-fold increase in the activity of acid proteinase. The activity of both enzymes become normal by 20 days. 6. Experiments utilizing a variety of cytotoxic drugs suggested that the acid proteinase and cathespin B are primarily located within invading phagocytic cells. 7. The results are discussed with reference to the previously described pathology of toxin-damaged skeletal muscle.

Animals↗

PubMed2001

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of subcutaneously injected apomorphine for parkinsonian off-state events.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the safety and efficacy of subcutaneous apomorphine hydrochloride administration for off-state (poor motor function) periods in patients with Parkinson disease with motor fluctuations under both inpatient titration and outpatient therapeutic conditions. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty-nine patients had advanced Parkinson disease with 2 hours or more off time despite aggressive oral therapy. Patients randomly received titrated doses of subcutaneous apomorphine hydrochloride (2-10 mg, n = 20) or pH-matched vehicle placebo (n = 9) during an inpatient and 1-month outpatient phase. A change in the United Parkinson Disease Rating Scale motor score 20 minutes after inpatient dosing during a practically defined off-state event and the percentage of injections successfully aborting off-state events were the primary inpatient and outpatient efficacy factors. RESULTS: The average (SEM) levodopa equivalent dose of apomorphine hydrochloride was 5.4 +/- 0.5 mg and the mean placebo dose was 1.0 mL. Mean inpatient United Parkinson Disease Rating Scale motor scores were reduced by 23.9 and 0.1 points (62% and 1%) by apomorphine treatment and placebo, respectively (P<.001). The mean percentage of outpatient injections resulting in successful abortion of off-state events was 95% for apomorphine and 23% for placebo (P<.001). Inpatient response was significantly correlated with and predictive of outpatient efficacy (P<.001). The levodopa dose was not predictive of the apomorphine dose requirement. Frequent adverse events included dyskinesia, yawning, and injection site reactions. CONCLUSION: Apomorphine by intermittent subcutaneous injection is effective and safe for outpatient use to reverse off-state events that occur despite optimized oral therapy.

Aged↗

PubMed1994

Radionuclide venography by subcutaneous injection of Tc-99m pertechnetate at acupuncture point K-3: a case report.

Recently, we developed a new method of radionuclide venography of lower limbs, namely SC-RNV, by subcutaneous injection of Tc-99m pertechnetate at acupuncture points K-3. In this study, we applied this method to evaluate the venous drainage of lower limbs in a patient with severe varicose veins and edematous swelling of the left lower extremity. For comparison, an ascending radionuclide venography by intravenous injection of Tc-99m MAA (IV-RNV) was also done. The SC-RNV showed normal venous drainage of the right side but complete obstruction of the left popliteal vein with a prominent collateral flow, compatible to the findings of IV-RNV. The findings in this case again demonstrated that SC-RNV may be useful as an alternative method of venography as previously suggested.

Acupuncture Points↗

PubMed1994

Analysis of radiolabeled CHO cell-derived rHuGM-CSF pharmacokinetics and biodistribution in rhesus monkeys following intravenous and subcutaneous injection.

The purpose of these studies was to examine the biodistribution and pharmacokinetics of radiolabeled human CHO cell-derived rHuGM-CSF in normal Rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) following intravenous (i.v.) and subcutaneous (s.c.) injection. A dual radioisotope tracer technique was utilized to monitor the behavior of rHuGM-CSF in vivo. Recombinant HuGM-CSF was radiolabeled with I-123 (a 13.2 h half-life, 140 KeV pure gamma emitting radionuclide detected using gamma scintigraphic imaging) using a mild chloramine T reaction. A separate preparation of rHuGM-CSF radiolabeled with S-35 methionine by bioincorporation in tissue culture was mixed with the I-123-labeled protein, permitting comparison of data obtained from the two radiolabels. Two dose levels of rHuGM-CSF were used for i.v. bolus (15 and 300 micrograms/kg) and s.c. (10 and 100 micrograms/kg) studies. The results of these studies demonstrated that the co-administered I-123 rHuGM-CSF and S-35 rHuGM-CSF followed similar blood elimination kinetics after i.v. or s.c. injection. Following i.v. bolus injection, rHuGM-CSF was found to rapidly distribute to all central body cavity high blood flow organs, followed by rapid uptake in the kidneys and elimination in the urine. There were no differences in the pharmacokinetic values obtained for I-123- and S-35-labeled rHuGM-CSF nor for the two dose levels examined. Following, s.c. injection, I-123- and S-35-labeled rHuGM-CSF were found to reach maximal plasma levels after approximately 16 h. The primary route of elimination was the urine. Monkeys previously exposed to rHuGM-CSF were found to have circulating antibodies to rHuGM-CSF. Studies in these animals revealed a significantly altered distribution and clearance of radiolabeled rHuGM-CSF, with the majority of the injected activity being cleared by the liver.

Animals↗

PubMed2003

[Suppression of tumor formation and induction of natural killer cell activity in BALB/c nude mice by human B7-1 (CD80) gene transfer subcutaneously injected with human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (Huh-7)].

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Immunogene therapy is extensively studied for a therapeutic modality of various cancers. This study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of immunogene therapy using the T-cell costimulatory molecule and human B7-1 (CD80, hB7-1) in an in vivo human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) model. METHODS: The stable HCC cell line expressing hB7-1 gene was established using retroviral vector (Huh-7/hB7-1). Of fourteen BALB/c nude mice, 7 were subcutaneously injected with 2 X 10(6) Huh-7/hB7-1 cells, while the other 7 were injected with 2 X 10(6) Huh-7/mock cells as a control group. After the injection, the mice were observed weekly for three months for subcutaneous tumor formation. Assay for natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity and serum IFN-gamma was performed at 1 and 2 weeks after inoculation. RESULTS: In BALB/c nude mice inoculated with Huh-7/hB7-1 cells, no tumor growth was observed. BALB/c nude mice inoculated with Huh-7/hB7-1 cells showed significantly increased NK cell activities of splenocytes compared with those with Huh-7/mock cells. Serum IFN-gamma was not measurable at 1 week, but significantly increased at 2 weeks after inoculation to the level of 470 pg/ml in BALB/c nude mice with Huh-7/mock cells and 521 pg/ml in BALB/c nude mice with Huh-7/hB7-1. CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate the in vivo anti-tumor immunity and NK cell activation by transfer of hB7-1 gene into human HCC in xenogeneic BALB/c nude mice model. This approach may provide a tool for the development of immunogene therapies against human malignant tumors.

Animals↗