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Results for “Intraocular fluid”

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At least 667 records · Page 37Linked to original sources

PubMed1995

Acute glaucoma and intracranial hypertension in a child on long-term peritoneal dialysis treated with growth hormone.

A 7-year-old boy with end-stage renal disease on long-term peritoneal dialysis is described. The child developed intracranial hypertension and acute glaucoma during therapy with recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH), 18 months after the onset of treatment. Symptoms developed within 1.5 days and required neurosurgical treatment to reduce the intracranial hypertension because of imminent impaction of the cerebellum and brain stem. After ventricular cerebrospinal fluid drainage and cessation of growth hormone, all symptoms of intracranial hypertension and increased intraocular pressure disappeared. To our knowledge this is the first report of intracranial hypertension or hydrocephalus and acute glaucoma during rhGH therapy. Continuous and long-term control of the ophthalmological and neurological status of patients treated with rhGh is indicated.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1989

Effect of captopril (an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor) on intraocular pressure in healthy human volunteers.

The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is important in the regulation of body fluids. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) which forms angiotensin II from angiotensin I, is known to be present in human ocular tissue. In rabbits, some topically applied ACE inhibitors including captopril have been shown to reduce IOP with a magnitude and duration comparable to that of topical 0.5% timolol. Captopril in a 50mg single oral dose, which had a significant effect on blood pressure, had no significant effect on IOP over a 4 hour period.

Adult↗

PubMed1975

Ocular reticulum cell sarcoma.

In four of eight cases of reticulum cell sarcoma with ocular involvement diagnosis was made by craniotomy when the signs of a brain tumor developed. A fifth case had an isolated intraocular tumor. Of the other three, two were diagnosed by vitreous aspiration and one by cerebrospinal fluid cytology. Ocular reticulum cell sarcoma frequently accompanies or precedes brain involvement. In this form of the disease the ocular lesion is usually a tumor cell infiltrate of the retina. The associated retinochoroiditis leads to marked vitreous clouding and eventual retinal detachment and glaucoma may occur. On the other hand, when intraocular reticulum cell sarcoma occurs in association with the systemic lymph node visceral form of the disease, choroidal involvement is the rule. Vitreous aspiration may confirm the diagnosis at an early stage when clinical and laboratory evaluation reveal no disease outside the globe. The retinal tumor foci are radiosensitive and local radiation, although not curative, may restore visual acuity. Immunosuppressive therapy given in low doses for anti-inflammatory effect may exacerbate the disease.

Aged↗

PubMed1990

Intraocular radiation blocking.

Iodine-based liquid radiographic contrast agents were placed in normal and tumor-bearing (Greene strain) rabbit eyes to evaluate their ability to block iodine-125 radiation. This experiment required the procedures of tumor implantation, vitrectomy, air-fluid exchange, and 125I plaque and thermoluminescent dosimetry (TLD) chip implantation. The authors quantified the amount of radiation attenuation provided by intraocularly placed contrast agents with in vivo dosimetry. After intraocular insertion of a blocking agent or sham blocker (saline) insertion, episcleral 125I plaques were placed across the eye from episcleral TLD dosimeters. This showed that radiation attenuation occurred after blocker insertion compared with the saline controls. Then computed tomographic imaging techniques were used to describe the relatively rapid transit time of the aqueous-based iohexol compared with the slow transit time of the oil-like iophendylate. Lastly, seven nontumor-bearing eyes were primarily examined for blocking agent-related ocular toxicity. Although it was noted that iophendylate induced intraocular inflammation and retinal degeneration, all iohexol-treated eyes were similar to the control eyes at 7 and 31 days of follow-up. Although our study suggests that intraocular radiopaque materials can be used to shield normal ocular structures during 125I plaque irradiation, a mechanism to keep these materials from exiting the eye must be devised before clinical application.

Animals↗

PubMed2003

Combined phacoemulsification, pars plana vitrectomy, and foldable intraocular lens implantation.

We describe a technique for combined cataract and vitreoretinal surgery using sutureless sclerocorneal and sclerotomy incisions and a foldable intraocular lens. This technique, with its variations for cases with and without gas-fluid exchange, was successfully performed in 40 consecutive cases over a 5-month period. No significant complications related to the surgical procedures were encountered. The rationale and advantages of this technique are discussed.

Aged↗

PubMed1997

Intraocular pressure in inbred mouse strains.

PURPOSE: To develop a protocol to measure the intraocular pressure (IOP) of living mice and to determine the IOP of genetically different mouse strains. METHODS: Eyes of anesthetized animals were cannulated with a very fine fluid-filled glass microneedle. The microneedle was connected to a pressure transducer, and the pressure signal was analyzed with a computer system. Intraocular pressures of male C3H/He iota, C57BL/ 6 iota, A/iota, and BALB/c iota mice were determined. RESULTS: Differences in IOP were detected between genetically distinct mouse strains maintained in virtually identical environments. C3H/He iota was the strain with the highest average IOP (13.7 +/- 0.8 mm Hg). This strain average was 1.4 mm Hg higher than that for C57BL/6 iota (12.3 +/- 0.5 mm Hg; P = 0.14), 4.3 mm Hg higher than that for A/iota (9.4 +/- 0.5 mm Hg; P < 0.001), and 6 mm Hg higher than that for BALB/c iota (7.7 +/- 0.5 mm Hg; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The authors have developed an accurate and reliable procedure for measuring intraocular pressure in living mice. This procedure can detect IOP differences between groups of mice that differ by genotype.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

Estimation of pulsatile ocular blood flow from intraocular pressure.

A relationship has been derived between intraocular pressure and pulsatile blood flow in the eye. Measurements of intraocular pressure show a time variation that is associated with the pulsatile component of arterial pressure. Experimental results provide a means of transforming intraocular pressure changes into ocular volume changes. The eye is represented by a chamber with elastic walls, a pulsatile incoming flow of incompressible fluid (blood), and a steady outgoing flow of blood. Under these conditions, the rate of pulsatile blood flow through the eye can be approximated from the instantaneous intraocular pressure measurements. Data from a healthy human eye are used to illustrate the analysis.

Blood Flow Velocity↗

PubMed1983

Intraocular hemangiopericytoma.

A 40-year-old woman had an intraocular lesion consistent with a choroidal hemangioma. Xenon arc photocoagulation was applied to reduce subretinal fluid, and the lesion remained stationary until the patient's death eight years later. The lesion was composed of spindle-shaped and ovoid cells with numerous inconspicuous capillaries. The tumor cells were surrounded by reticulin-positive fibers. The diagnosis of hemangiopericytoma was confirmed by electron microscopy, which demonstrated proliferating pericytes associated with basal lamina. Although hemangiopericytomas are occasionally found in the orbit, to our knowledge this report is the first of an intraocular hemangiopericytoma. Because the pericyte is an integral component of the choroidal vasculature, the origin of this tumor in the choroid is not unexpected. The diagnosis of hemangiopericytoma should be considered when evaluating vascular choroidal lesions.

Adult↗

PubMed1985

Acute intraoperative choroidal effusion.

We studied five cases of acute choroidal effusion that occurred during intraocular surgery and one case of a localized choroidal hemorrhage. Acute intraoperative choroidal effusion is a poorly recognized surgical complication and may precede expulsive hemorrhage in many cases. The treatment is immediate closure of the wound, after which the intraocular pressure may rise to 80 mm Hg or more. However, the pressure will return to normal after 15 to 30 minutes and the area of effusion will remain localized. Scleral puncture to drain fluid is not indicated if the wound can be closed before there is a prolapse of the iris or other intraocular tissues.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1989

Posterior chamber intraocular lens insertion during pars plana lensectomy and vitrectomy for complications of proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

We inserted posterior chamber lenses into 21 eyes with complications of diabetic retinopathy upon completion of pars plana lensectomy and vitrectomy in a single session. After the original surgery, two eyes developed retinal detachments and underwent vitrectomy revisions with scleral buckling, one eye had a fluid-gas exchange for residual vitreous cavity blood, one eye had supplemental laser treatment, and one eye had intraocular antibiotics for endophthalmitis. Six months later, postoperative vision was better in 16 of the 21 eyes (76%), the same in four eyes (19%), and worse in one eye (5%). In 16 eyes visual acuity was 20/200 or better, and in six eyes it was 20/40 or better postoperatively. Decreased vision was caused by preexisting macular disease; two eyes had corneal edema with iris neovascularization associated with residual retinal detachment. The procedure and lenses were well tolerated and provided good pseudophakic vision.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Candida endophthalmitis associated with intraocular lens implantation: efficacy of fluconazole therapy.

Four patients with Candida parapsilosis endophthalmitis following intraocular lens implantation were treated with oral fluconazole. All had failed prior therapy with intravitreal amphotericin B. The only patient who had the lens implant removed was cured after treatment with fluconazole for one year. Three patients who did not have the lens implant removed had resolution of symptoms and return of visual acuity towards normal during the year they were on fluconazole. However, five months after therapy had been stopped, all three had decreasing visual acuity, and in two, culture of vitreous fluid yielded C. parapsilosis. Fluconazole may be effective for treatment of endophthalmitis associated with an intraocular lens implant, but only when the implant is removed also.

Aged↗

PubMed2000

Formation of proliferative vitreoretinopathy in primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.

Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is the only cause of ultimate failure following retinal detachment surgery. This study aimed to review the rate of postoperative PVR in a series of 186 consecutive patients with primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachments. All 186 detachments were repaired with a scleral buckling procedure combined with cryotherapy. Drainage of subretinal fluid was done at the discretion of the surgeon. The mean follow-up was 12 months. In this series 152 (82%) of primary detachments were repaired succesfully with a single operation. Sixty-eight percent of patients regained 0.3 or better visual acuity, and 3% of patients were left with visual acuity of 1/60 or less. After two or more operations the retina was attached in 96% of the cases. In 12 (6%) eyes PVR was responsible for the initial surgical failure. In 4 cases PVR (grade B and limited C) was present prior to surgery. In 3 cases PVR developed within 2 days postoperatively, in 3 cases after 3-6 weeks and in another 2 cases after 8-10 months. Eight out of 12 (66%) PVR patients had undergone cataract surgery. One PVR case had preoperative intraocular inflammation. An association between the duration of retinal detachment, or drainage of subretinal fluid and the development of PVR could not be demonstrated. In conclusion, the rate of postoperative PVR in primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachments was low. PVR preoperatively present and pseudophakia may be risk factors.

Cryotherapy↗

PubMed1989

[The intraocular pressure lowering effect of human atrial peptide].

The human atrial natriuretic factor (hANF) is a cardiovascular hormone, which promotes renal sodium secretion in response to increases in extracellular fluid volume and atrial pressure. It regulates sodium and volume homeostasis. Specific receptors for hANF have been identified in the ciliary processes of rats and rabbits, which mediated a long-lasting reduction in intraocular pressure (IOP) after intra-atrial injection. In a series of 10 glaucoma patients with bilateral IOP elevations above 33 mmHg an i.v. bolus injection of hANF was administered and IOP was recorded before and over an 8-h period after injection. The human atrial natriuretic factor lowered IOP significantly. The potential of hANF as an antiglaucoma agent is discussed.

Atrial Natriuretic Factor↗

PubMed2004

Inflow of ocular surface fluid through clear corneal cataract incisions: a laboratory model.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the self-sealing properties of standard clear corneal cataract incisions during two events: (1) application of mechanical external pressure, or (2) controlled fluctuation of intraocular pressure (IOP). DESIGN: Laboratory investigation. METHODS: Eight fresh human donor globes were prepared for Miyake video microscopy. A standard two-plane 3-mm clear corneal incision was created and a 3 x 3-mm sponge soaked with India ink was placed on the wound surface. One globe with a sutured corneal wound served as the control. A transcleral cannula was inserted and connected to a bottle of saline. Intraocular pressure was modified varying the bottle height. External pressure was applied through manual contact on different regions of cornea. RESULTS: Four of seven eyes demonstrated intraocular presence of ink, three of them after external manipulation and another after varying the IOP. CONCLUSION: Self-sealing properties of unsutured clear corneal wounds were compromised in our model. These data may give insight into the possible mechanisms involved in the inflow of extraocular fluid into the eye through clear corneal cataract incisions.

Body Fluids↗

PubMed2004

The evaluation of a humidifying device for vitreoretinal surgery.

AIM: To study the feasibility of humidifying air during vitreoretinal surgery and measure the water content of air before and after intraocular transit. METHODS: The absolute water content of air was measured in a series of six eyes undergoing fluid-air exchange during macular hole surgery. Infrared absorption spectroscopy was used to determine the water content of the air infusing and exiting each eye. After baseline measurements for each eye were recorded, a second fluid-air exchange was performed and the effect of humidifying the air infusion was documented. The humidifying device used in this study was a prototype adapted from a commercially available respiratory humidifier and enables humidified air to be delivered at a controlled temperature. RESULTS: The water content of air increased following intraocular transit, implying dehydration occurs from the intraocular surfaces. For a standard airline infusion the mean increase in water content of air egressing from an eye was 13.4 mg/l. Humidifying the air reduced the rate of water loss by nearly 90%. CONCLUSIONS: Significant water losses can occur from eyes undergoing fluid-air exchange. Humidifying the infused air can substantially reduce the dehydrating effect during an air exchange. This outcome may have a beneficial effect in reducing cataract formation and visual field defects associated with macular hole surgery.

Air↗

PubMed1985

The nonexpansile, equilibrated concentration of perfluoropropane gas in the eye.

Bubbles of 100% perfluoropropane (0.4 ml) were injected into the vitreous cavities of 31 New Zealand White rabbits. Gas bubbles were aspirated from eyes at six and 12 hours and at one, two, three, four, five, seven, nine, and 14 days, and were analyzed by gas chromatography. The nonexpansile concentration of perfluoropropane (found at maximum expansion of the gas bubble at four days) was approximately 12%. The gas bubble concentration equilibrated at seven days with a perfluoropropane concentration of approximately 10% with little change through 14 days. Using a similar protocol, we injected 0.56-ml bubbles of 100% perfluoropropane into the vitreous cavities of three owl monkeys. When sampled on day 4 for analysis by gas chromatography, results were comparable to the rabbit data. A 12% concentration of perfluoropropane should approximate the ideal composition of a gas mixture for a total fluid-gas exchange. This would achieve complete retinal tamponade without later compromise of intraocular pressure by further expansion.

Animals↗

PubMed1995

An ultrasound biomicroscopic study of filtering blebs after mitomycin C trabeculectomy.

PURPOSES: To investigate the relation between filtering bleb function and ultrasound biomicroscopic images, and to establish a new classification system for filtering blebs according to these images. METHODS: After trabeculectomy with mitomycin C, the filtering blebs of 117 eyes from 117 patients with various types of glaucoma were examined using ultrasound biomicroscopy. Four parameters of the images-intrableb reflectivity, visibility of the route under the scleral flap, formation of a cavernous fluid-filled space, and bleb height-were correlated with the level of intraocular pressure (IOP). RESULTS: Reflectivity inside the bleb and visibility of a route under the scleral flap were highly associated with IOP control. Blebs were classified into four categories according to the four measured parameters: type L (low-reflective), type H (high-reflective), type E (encapsulated), and type F (flattened). Eyes with good IOP control had mainly type L blebs. Type E and type F blebs were seen mostly in eyes requiring additional medication. CONCLUSION: The structure inside a filtering bleb is visible by ultrasound biomicroscopy, and bleb function is significantly associated with its ultrasound biomicroscopic image in eyes trabeculectomized with adjunctive mitomycin C.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2000

Initial experience with pneumatically stented baerveldt implant modified for pars plana insertion for complicated glaucoma.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of pneumatically stented drainage tube implants specially modified for pars plana insertion in the treatment of complicated glaucoma. DESIGN: Retrospective, non-comparative case series. PARTICIPANTS: 50 consecutive patients with refractory complicated glaucoma nonresponsive to medical treatment. INTERVENTION: Baerveldt glaucoma implants modified by Hofmann for pars plana insertion were placed following pars plana vitrectomy and gas-fluid exchange (pneumatically stented implant, or PSI procedure). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Reduction of intraocular pressure (IOP) to 21 mmHg or less. RESULTS: 31 neovascular and 19 complicated non-neovascular glaucoma eyes in 48 patients referred to a vitreoretinal subspecialty practice, average age 69 years (range 29-91), were followed an average of 18 months (range 3-41). The average preoperative IOP was 44 mmHg (14-78) on an average 3.2 glaucoma medications (range 2-6). The average final postoperative IOP was 14 mmHg (range 5-31) on an average 0.6 glaucoma medications (range 0-3, median 0). The final intraocular pressure was 21 mmHg or less in 47 of 50 (94%) operated eyes. Serious complications related to the procedure occurred in five eyes (10%). CONCLUSIONS: Pneumatically stented Baerveldt glaucoma implants modified with the Hofmann elbow to facilitate pars plana insertion are effective in the treatment of complicated glaucoma.

Adult↗