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At least 667 records · Page 37Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in food products originating from locally reared animals in Kuwait.

Analysis for the presence of 12 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in 327 foodstuff samples originating from locally reared animals was carried out. The data revealed that non-carcinogenic PAHs were detected in considerable amounts in several food commodities. The carcinogenic PAH concentrations were relatively low in most of the samples investigated. Among the carcinogenic PAHs detected, chrysene had the highest concentration.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Gastroenteritis in a regional hospital in Kuwait: some aspects of the disease.

A review of the clinical course of gastroenteritis in 274 hospitalized children revealed a severe form of the disease. Eight-eight per cent were aged 12 months or under and 20% had severe associated malnutrition. The commonest clinical manifestations were diarrhoea (100%), dehydration (98.9%), vomiting (81.4%) and fever (77.7%). Pathogens were isolated from 75.2% of cases (rotavirus 24.5%, Escherichia coli 20.8%, salmonellae 20%, shigellae 6.2%, campylobacter 2.2% and Yersinia enterocolitica in 1.5%). Septicaemia was confirmed in 12 patients (4.4%) and strong clinical evidence of septicaemia was present in 36 more cases (13%). Dehydration was isonatraemic in 68%, hyponatraemic in 21% and hypernatraemic in 11% of cases. There was a clear association between septicaemia and hyponatraemia. The overall mortality rate was 1.8%. Data from our study show that the use of intravenous hyperalimentation, and/or antibiotics in the management of gastroenteritis in selected patients, can significantly reduce morbidity and mortality.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1986

Hepatitis A and B virus infections in children in Kuwait.

In a 1-year prospective study of 1788 cases of acute viral hepatitis, 26 (1.5%) presented with evidence of simultaneous hepatitis A (HAV) and hepatitis B (HBV) virus infection. Twenty-three of 26 (88.5%) of these cases had serological evidence of a recent HAV infection in a chronic HBV carrier. The remaining 3 (11.5%) showed serological evidence of a recent concomitant HAV/HBV infection. Twenty-four of the 26 (92.3%) patients with simultaneous infection were children with a mean age of 4.6 years. Clinical and laboratory data indicated that the disease in patients with a recent concomitant HAV/HBV infection was not different from that in patients who had HAV infection superimposed on a chronic HBV carrier or that in age and sex matched patients presenting with an acute viral hepatitis A infection alone. Furthermore, the outcome of the disease was not affected by the HBeAg/anti-HBe status of the hepatitis B positive patient. All patients recovered completely and on follow-up none showed any signs of chronic liver disease. Simultaneous HAV/HBV infection, therefore, does not result in a more severe disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Antibiotic misuse in a paediatric teaching department in Kuwait.

Of 3813 children admitted to the paediatric teaching unit in Mubarak Hospital during 1985, 716 (19%) received either therapeutic (672) or prophylactic (44) antibiotics. The indications were respiratory infections (400), urinary infections (78), septicaemia (58), meningitis (42), gastroenteritis (32), other infections (62) and prophylaxis in rheumatic fever or splenectomy (44). Penicillins were prescribed in 553 children, ampicillins being the most frequently prescribed drugs (295, 41%). Antibiotic use was assessed as unnecessary in 282 children, of whom 203 (72%) had respiratory infections. Overall mistakes were encountered in 352 cases, of which 238 (68%) were in respiratory infections and 302 (86%) involved a penicillin, single or in combination. Mistakes were also commoner with combination than with single antibiotic therapy (66% and 44%, respectively). A departmental policy for the use of antibiotics in gastro-enteritis led to their prescription in only 4% of cases. A written justification for cefotaxime reduced its use by 90%. The lack of similar policies for antibiotic use in respiratory infections leads to high rates of antibiotic use and misuse, probably world-wide.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1989

Pattern of protracted diarrhoea among children in Kuwait.

A total of 92 children with protracted diarrhoea were studied over a 3-year period (October 1983 to September 1986). The diagnosis was postgastro-enteritis syndrome in 61 (66.2%), coeliac disease in 17 (18.5%), Giardia lamblia infestation in 5 (5.4%), immune deficiency in 4 (4.4%), congenital chloride diarrhoea in 2 (2.2%), and glucose-galactose malabsorption, Shwachmann syndrome and intestinal lymphangiectasia in one each. Children with the postgastro-enteritis syndrome were young, malnourished and bottle-fed, and suffered a high incidence of antecedent bacterial infections. Six children died, a case fatality ratio of 6.5%.

Diarrhea, Infantile↗
PubMed1990

Familial hypophosphataemic rickets: experience with 24 children from Kuwait.

Between 1982 and 1988, familial hypophosphataemic rickets (FHR) was diagnosed in 24 children, in nine during screening of the families of index patients. The average annual incidence was 0.2/1000 live births. There were 16 boys and 8 girls in 10 families, of which nine had more than one affected child. Their ages at the onset of the disease ranged between 10 months and 14 years (mean 6.9 yrs). Growth retardation and bowing of the legs were the most prominent features, observed in all index patients and in four of the patients diagnosed by screening. Treatment with 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 and phosphates was associated with acceleration of growth in all children, healing of rickets in 21, and normalization of the serum phosphate in 22. Two children with late diagnosis are now older than 16 years with a final height below the 3rd centile. Three more pubertal children are also shorter than the 3rd centile. In areas where nutritional rickets is common, FHR is likely to be missed and the treatment delayed with grave consequences; in particular, growth retardation and bone deformity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Benign acute childhood myositis in Kuwait.

Ten children, three girls and seven boys, aged 4-10 years, were admitted with benign acute childhood myositis during spring and winter months (March 1988 to March 1990). They presented with an acute onset of symmetrical calf muscle pain and tenderness, weakness and inability to walk a few days after a flu-like illness. All had raised serum creatine kinase and a normal erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and the majority had low peripheral white blood cell counts with relative lymphocytosis. Serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase were found to be raised in four patients. Virological studies performed in six children gave negative results. Full clinical recovery was achieved within 1-7 days. One child developed a second episode. These ten cases of benign acute childhood myositis are the first to be reported from this region.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1997

Kawasaki disease: clustering in infants and pre-school children in Kuwait.

We report five children who presented within a 2-month period and who all fulfilled at least four of the five criteria essential for the diagnosis of Kawasaki disease. They were three girls and two boys aged between 5 months and 3 years. Two of them had atypical presentations; one mimicked infectious mononucleosis and the other had severe abdominal pain and was later found to have hydrops of the gall bladder. Although treatment was started within the 1st 10 days of the illness, echocardiographic changes were found in three cases: one had myocarditis and the other two showed in the coronary arteries. The occurrence of five cases in such as short period of time is similar to the clusterings of Kawasaki disease reported in Japan and the USA, and strongly suggests the presence of a causative infectious agent.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1997

Acute lower respiratory tract infections in children in Kuwait.

The features of community-acquired acute lower respiratory tract infections in 390 children are described. Half (50%) presented with bronchiolitis, 37% with pneumonia and 13% with croup. Respiratory syncytial virus was the commonest agent identified (52% of bronchiolitis, 29% of pneumonia, 51% of croup). Positive bacterial blood cultures were obtained in 10% of the patients, all except one with pneumonia. Fever (> 39 degrees C), a toxic ill look, bronchial breathing, WCC > 20 x 10(9)/l, neutrophils > 5 x 10(9)/l, platelet count > 500 x 10(9)/l, ESR > 45 mm/hr, lobar consolidation and pleural effusion were more likely to be associated with bacterial than with viral pneumonia (relative risk > 1.81; p < 0.05). In areas with limited resources, a high fever, a toxic ill look, bronchial breathing and simple laboratory tests may help to identify patients with bacterial pneumonia.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1998

Serum lipoprotein (a) concentrations among Arab children: a hospital-based study in Kuwait.

Elevated lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] is an independent risk factor for premature atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease, both of which are prevalent among Kuwaitis. Our objective was to measure serum lipids, including Lp(a), in Arab children and compare them with values reported for other ethnic groups. To that end, serum concentrations of Lp(a), total cholesterol [T-CHOL], high density lipoprotein [HDL], low density lipoprotein [LDL], and triglyceride [TG] were assessed in 103 Arab children. The mean and median Lp(a) were 140.4 mg/l and 95 mg/l, respectively. The Lp(a) frequency distribution was skewed to the right with the highest frequencies appearing at low levels. Serum Lp(a) correlated positively with T-CHOL and LDL but did not correlate with age, HDL and TG. Only nine children (8.7%) had serum Lp(a) levels associated with increased cardiovascular risk, namely > or = 300 mg/l.

Arabs↗
PubMed1995

Molecular characterization of human T-lymphotropic virus, type 1 (HTLV-1) found in Kuwait: close similarity with HTLV-1 isolates originating from Mashhad, Iran.

Human T-lymphotropic virus, type 1 (HTLV-1) infection was detected in two unrelated Kuwaiti patients with tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) and in the asymptomatic mother of one of them. The family roots of these patients were traced to the Najaf region of Iraq. The DNA sequence of three PCR-amplified fragments (env, 512 bp; pol, 140 bp; LTR, 704 bp) was determined for each of Kuwaiti HTLV-1 isolates (KUW-1,2,3). All three Kuwaiti HTLV-1 were identical in env and pol fragments and virtually identical in LTR. Two rare substitutions were found in the env and pol fragments. They were shared only with two isolates from Reunion Island (substitution in env), and two isolates from India and the Caribbean (substitution in pol). The sequences of env and pol fragments of the Middle Eastern HTLV-1 isolates were not available. However, the comparison of Kuwaiti isolates with representative Middle Eastern HTLV-1 was possible for the LTR fragment. The phylogenetic analysis of LTR sequences of KUW and 34 other HTLV-1 isolates has shown that Kuwaiti HTLV-1 belongs to a cosmopolitan "a" subtype of HTLV-1 and tends to cluster together with HTLV-1 originating from the Mashhad region of Iran. These results suggest that common origin of Mashhadi and Kuwaiti (Najafi) HTLV-1 and the possibility of another pocket of HTLV-1 infection in the Middle East, located in the Najaf region of Iraq.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Pharmacy in Kuwait.

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Education, Pharmacy↗