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PubMed1993

Trade, aid and migrations: some basic policy issues.

The link between trade policy and international migration is explored using data from the United States and Europe. "We conclude that restrictive trade policies in industrialised countries have most likely added to migration pressures. We then turn to the broader question of the effects of income growth in the sending countries on the propensity to migrate. We argue that, in relatively poor countries, an increase in income will be associated with higher migration flows. For middle income countries, however, income growth will lead to lower migrations. In the medium run, therefore, the relationship between development levels, as measured by GDP per capita, and the propensity to migrate follows an inverse-U pattern. Econometric analysis of aggregate migration flows from Southern Europe provides considerable support for such conjecture."

Americas↗
PubMed1987

Population growth of small towns in Libyan Arab Jamahiriya.

The rapid population growth of small towns in Libya is examined, and future prospects are considered. "Their growth can be attributed to natural increase, internal migration and the influx of foreigners, all of which factors have been stimulated by the State. The paper provides detailed data on the growth and development of small towns and the changes occurring in the overall distribution and density of the Libyan population. The reasons behind the growth and sometimes the demise of individual towns are examined."

Africa↗
PubMed1992

Recent demographic and migratory trends among Soviet Jews: implications for policy.

The author examines recent demographic trends concerning the Jewish population of the former USSR, with consideration given to both internal and international migration. "Among the factors whose effects on population dynamics are examined, emphasis is placed on the Jewish population's concentration in large urban areas, the effects of emigration on age structure of the remaining population, self-identification as a method in census enumeration, ethnic intermarriage and family characteristics, and the outlook and prospects for emigres in Israel and the United States." The effect of Soviet state policy on Jewish population dynamics is also considered.

Age Distribution↗
PubMed1977

Human rights, ideology and population policies.

Only too often ideology means fanaticism, intolerance, even violence, but the term can be used also to denote sets of preconceptions and presuppositions which act as a stimulus and a guide to scientific innovation, particularly in the field of social science. This sort of insight into the realities of life and the world is a contribution to knowledge and the search for truth, also in the field of human rights. These are taken in the paper as those rights whose infringement constitutes a "vulnus" of the essential characteristics of human beings and those which assume the role of a basic safeguard of them. The meaning of the insistence on the human rights theme in the United Nations system is briefly touched upon, but the main effort is spent in trying to find a firm base for both fundamental rights and duties, shown as strictly and simmetrically linked. Various examples of population policies - broadly defined as governmental interventions influencing demographic variables - are then examined in the light of the basic principles laid down in the said effort. The fields taken up in succession for consideration are international and internal migration, mortality, marriage, fertility in countries at different stages of demographic transition, and growth. Rather than trying an extensive coverage of the whole horizon, a line of critical and deep thought about typical problematic themes is preferred. One of the main conclusions which may be quoted is a statement according to which the problem remains wide open of discovering acceptable ways aiming at a modification of fertility patterns which combine a reduction of the average family size with the maintenance of its variability in order to respect free and responsible individual choices. How important and urgent this task is, is underscored by the observations advanced in the final section of the paper including a meditation on the limits that human sexuality appears to have imposed on itself.

Contraception Behavior↗
PubMed1996

Population review: (3). Migration to from and within the United Kingdom.

Monitoring migration trends and patterns is not a straightforward task given the absence of a compulsory United Kingdom-wide system for recording domestic changes of address. Nevertheless, data extracted from the available sources offer a valuable insight into the diverse and complex phenomenon of migration. This article examines international and internal migration phenomenon of migration in the 1980s and 1990s, and looks at the geographical impact of the two in combination on the population of the United Kingdom. This is the third article in the Population Review series. Earlier articles on: (1) Structure and distribution of the population and (2) Are we healthier? appeared in Population Trends issues no. 81 and no. 82 respectively.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[East-West migration in Europe (1918-1993)].

"This paper analyses available demographic data on international migration within and to Europe during the period 1918-1939 and 1945-1993. The main focus is on the east-west dimension of this migration. In the inter-war period some 9.2 million people either left their countries as labour migrants or were displaced.... In the post-war period (1945-1950) some 15.4 million people fled or were displaced within Europe.... Between 1950 and 1992 another 14 million people migrated from a country in East-central and Eastern Europe to the West.... In recent times the wars in Croatia and Bosnia as well as ethnic cleansing have led to the largest wave of refugees and displaced persons since 1945.... Our paper concludes that push and pull factors causing massive migration cannot only be contained by erecting new legislative barriers and deploying more armed border guards against newcomers." (SUMMARY IN ENG AND SPA)

Demography↗
PubMed1994

Population change and migration in Britain since 1981: evidence for continuing deconcentration.

Recent trends in spatial distribution and internal migration in Britain are reviewed using small-area statistics from the 1981 and 1991 censuses. "The results indicate that the differentials in the population growth rate between metropolitan and nonmetropolitan Britain narrowed somewhat between the 1970s and the 1980s, but the negative relationship between urban status and population change remained very clear. Moreover, contrary to the experience of the U.S.A. and a number of European countries, in the mid-1980s Britain saw a resurgence of nonmetropolitan growth which had widespread impact across the country."

Demography↗
PubMed1988

Population movement in post-colonial Fiji: review and speculation.

"This paper examines developments in population movement [in Fiji] between 1970 and 1986 with particular reference to an acceleration in levels of migration overseas by Indians and an exodus of Fijians from rural village communities for towns on Viti Levu and Vanua Levu. Trends in internal and international migration are evaluated at a range of spatial scales--national, regional and local. Some speculation on the effect of political and economic changes since May 1987 on these population movements attempts to provide a contemporary perspective on demographic developments over the last 15 years." Data are from the 1986 Fijian census.

Culture↗
PubMed1996

European migration report.

"This report uses available statistics to describe the contemporary trends and patterns of international migration involving Central and Eastern Europe. It focuses on the former Warsaw Pact countries, excluding the former Soviet Union..., and also omits former Yugoslavia." The authors conclude that "substantial emigration to the West continues, much of it unrecorded. What is perhaps more surprising is that the region has emerged as one of substantial immigration. This reflects two main forces. First, the countries of Central and Eastern Europe have become stepping stones on the way to the lotus lands of Western Europe....Second, some of the countries of Central and Eastern Europe...have become honeypots in their own right."

Demography↗
PubMed1996

A continent of migration: European mass migration in the twentieth century.

"This article gives an overview of the size and geography of migration to and within Europe. Changing causes, patterns and trends of international migration, as well as key periods, are discussed. It also analyses the composition of foreign resident populations in Europe. The article covers the second half of the twentieth century. Different types of mass migration as well as links between particular sending and receiving countries are analysed. The article also looks at public opinion concerning ethnocentric attitudes and the number of foreigners in Europe. Finally, policy options are discussed."

Attitude↗
PubMed1989

All about U.S. immigration statistics.

The quality of data collected by the U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) is assessed, with a focus on differences between U.S. and U.N. definitions of immigrants, emigrants, and refugees. The author suggests that "gaps in migration data collected for the U.S. limit their usefulness for studying international migration and estimating national population change. For example, no information is collected on emigration of legal permanent residents or U.S. citizens, nor is there any direct information on the immigration of U.S. citizens. Data collected on legal immigrants are based on a legal and administrative definition that often conflicts with the demographic definition of an immigrant."

Americas↗