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At least 667 records · Page 37Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

The effect of renal transplantation on pulmonary function and respiratory muscle strength in patients with end-stage renal disease.

Pulmonary function and respiratory muscle strength was assessed in 29 hemodialysis patients who underwent successful renal transplantation. These tests were performed 7 days prior to transplantation, 30 days following transplantation, and 90 days posttransplantation. Patients with end-stage renal disease showed dyspnea, a restrictive defect in pulmonary function, respiratory muscle weakness, and hypoxia. Following transplantation the dyspnea improved and mechanical indices of respiratory muscle function and lung volume improved. In conclusion transplantation resulted in a significant improvement in lung and respiratory muscle function.

Blood Gas Analysis↗
PubMed2000

Distribution of muscle strength impairments following stroke.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to quantify the distribution of strength impairments soon after stroke. We were specifically interested in differences in impairments between proximal and distal actions, flexion and extension actions, and upper and lower limb actions. DESIGN: We conducted a retrospective chart review of strength scores of patients with acute stroke. SETTING: Inpatient rehabilitation unit. SUBJECTS: Forty-eight patients with a primary diagnosis of stroke underwent initial testing on admission; 31 of the same patients underwent final testing prior to discharge. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The strength of eight muscle actions was assessed bilaterally using hand-held dynamometry. Force measurements obtained were expressed in newtons and as a percentage of normal. RESULTS: Strength was impaired bilaterally but more so on the side contralateral to the brain lesion. Distal muscle actions were less impaired than proximal muscle actions on the stronger side. Extension actions were less impaired than flexion actions bilaterally but primarily in the upper limbs. Upper limb actions were less impaired than lower limb actions only on the stronger side. CONCLUSIONS: With a few exceptions, our results do not support common clinical assumptions regarding the distribution of strength impairments following stroke.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of diagnostic and operative arthroscopy and open meniscectomy on muscle strength in the thigh.

In this study we measured the effect on the muscle strength in the thigh in connection with diagnostic arthroscopy with central approach, arthroscopy with arthroscopic operation of bucket-handle ruptures, flap tears, total arthroscopic meniscectomy, and open meniscectomy. Thirty-seven patients were tested preoperatively and 1, 4 and 8 weeks postoperatively with a Cybex II isokinetic dynamometer. The extensor muscles of the knee joint were most affected. The flexor muscles were generally recovered in all groups within a month. Diagnostic arthroscopy and arthroscopic operations for bucket-handle ruptures showed no significant effect on the thigh muscle torque. With the other arthroscopic operations there was a 40% decrease of quadriceps function 1 week after operation. After 8 weeks normal function returned. Open meniscectomy had a much more negative effect on the quadriceps muscle with a decrease of about 70% after 1 week. After 8 weeks, the rehabilitation was still not complete.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Postoperative restoration of muscle strength after intramedullary nailing of fractures of the femoral shaft.

The maximal isometric muscle strength of hip abduction, knee extension and knee flexion was measured in 23 patients operated on for femur diaphyseal fractures and fitted with a stable intramedullary Küntscher nail after reaming of the medullary cavity. The trauma, the immobilization and the surgery influenced the musculature of the operated as well as the intact leg. The muscle power recovered in a couple of years, but even after 2-6 years a significantly reduced power was found in the knee extensors, and a probably significant reduction in the power of the knee flexors in the operated leg when the two legs were compared. Malrotation of the fracture seemed to adversely affect the recovery of muscle power.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Differential muscle strength decline in osteoarthritis of the knee. A developing hypothesis.

The ratio of quadriceps to hamstrings muscle strength (Q/H ratio) is important for the stability of the knee and for protection from excessive stress. The purpose of this study was to explore whether the Q/H ratio is altered in patients with osteoarthritis (OA). Subjects were 43 patients with physician-diagnosed OA of the knee (mean age, 65.61 years; SD, 12.74). Isometric knee flexor and extensor strength was measured with a hand-held dynamometer. Both muscle groups were weak, with relatively greater weakness in the quadriceps muscles. The mean Q/H ratio of 1.43 (SD, 0.39) was below ratios reported for young healthy adults (2.0). The low Q/H ratio might be caused by the inability to correct the measurement for gravity, but a liberal estimate of gravity correction raised the ratio only to 1.71 (SD, 0.47). The low Q/H ratio was probably not caused by physiologic changes due to aging, because the correlation between the ratio and age was low (-0.04). Since the correlation of the Q/H ratio with the usual level of pain (measured by a visual analogue scale) was negative (-0.26), the low ratio might be explained by reflex inhibition due to pain associated with disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Structural muscle damage and muscle strength after incremental number of isometric and forced lengthening contractions.

Exercise-induced muscle damage is characterized by histological changes, like Z-line streaming, inflammatory response and decreased muscle function reflected in a prolonged decline in maximal isometric muscle strength after eccentric work. It is assumed that force decrement is mainly related to the amount of structural damage. However, the relationship between number of eccentric contractions, magnitude of structural damage and force decrement is not very well documented. Therefore we studied the effect of an increasing number of both isometric and eccentric (forced lengthening) contractions on histological parameters of muscle damage and maximal isometric force in an experimental in situ rat model. Tibialis anterior muscles of male Wistar rats were subjected to an increasing number of either isometric or eccentric contractions and were examined for histological markers of muscle damage. The present study shows that muscle damage increases progressively with the number of forced lengthening contractions. Maximal isometric torque was found to decline after both types of exercise. However, the decline after forced lengthening exercise was more pronounced. Only a weak relationship between percentage of histological muscle damage and isometric torque after forced lengthening contractions was found. The findings of the present study suggest that the decline in muscle force after eccentric exercise may partly be attributed to other factors than structural damage.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1990

Effect of season on physical activity score, back extensor muscle strength, and lumbar bone mineral density.

Seasonal variation in physical activity, back extensor muscle strength (BES), and bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine was studied in 65 healthy postmenopausal women. Physical activity score (PAS) was assessed with an ordinal scale (0-18); this score and the BES were obtained monthly for 2 years (25 readings). BMD values were obtained semiannually (5 readings). A periodic (cosine) regression model was fit to each subject's PAS and BES data to obtain individual estimates of the annual peak day d and the average annual range due to seasonality. There was a strong (P less than 0.001) seasonal pattern in physical activity; August 3 was the average peak day, and the seasonal range was 2.0 PAS units. There was modest (P = 0.047) seasonality in BES; June 6 was the estimated peak day, and the seasonal range was 8.22 pounds (about 7% of the 0.002), and the highest monthly average BMD was in August. This seasonal range of 1.4% is larger than the average annual decline with age in BMD observed in longitudinal studies of postmenopausal women. The results of this study have important implications for the planning of longitudinal studies involving changes in physical activity or bone mass in geographic areas with diverse seasons.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Expiratory muscle strength training in persons with multiple sclerosis having mild to moderate disability: effect on maximal expiratory pressure, pulmonary function, and maximal voluntary cough.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of expiratory muscle strength training (EMST) on maximal expiratory strength, pulmonary function, and maximal voluntary cough in persons with multiple sclerosis (MS) having mild to moderate disability. DESIGN: Before-after trial. SETTING: Assessments were completed in the privacy of the subject's home or exercise physiology laboratory. PARTICIPANTS: Seventeen persons with MS were age- and sex-matched to 14 healthy controls. INTERVENTION: Eight weeks of EMST and 4 weeks of detraining. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Maximal respiratory pressures, pulmonary function, and maximal voluntary cough were assessed 3 times (pretraining, posttraining, detraining). Maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) was assessed weekly and training intensity adjusted based on the new measurement. RESULTS: Subjects with MS had lower MEP, decreased pulmonary function, and weaker maximal voluntary cough at each assessment. EMST increased MEP and peak expiratory flow. However, improvement in maximal voluntary cough only occurred in subjects with a moderate level of disability when the MS group was subdivided into mild and moderate disability levels based on the Expanded Disability Status Scale. CONCLUSIONS: EMST is a viable tool to enhance the strength of the respiratory muscles. However, further work is needed to determine the best parameters to assess change in cough following EMST.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Variation in the ciliary neurotrophic factor gene and muscle strength in older Caucasian women.

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether genetic variants in the ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) gene are associated with muscle strength in older women. DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from the Women's Health and Aging Studies I (1992) and II (1994), complementary population-based studies. SETTING: Twelve contiguous ZIP code areas in Baltimore, Maryland. PARTICIPANTS: Three hundred sixty-three Caucasian, community-dwelling women aged 70 to 79. MEASUREMENTS: Participants were genotyped at the CNTF locus for eight single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), including the null allele rs1800169. The dependent variables were grip strength and the frailty syndrome, identified as presence of three or more of five frailty indicators (weakness, slowness, weight loss, low physical activity, exhaustion). In addition to genotypes, independent variables of body mass index (BMI) and osteoarthritis of the hands were included. RESULTS: Using multivariate linear regression, single SNP analysis identified five SNPs significantly associated with grip strength (P<.05), after adjusting for age, BMI, and osteoarthritis. Haplotype analysis was performed, and a single haplotype associated with grip strength was identified (P<.01). The rs1800169 null allele fully explained the association between this haplotype and grip strength under a recessive model, with individuals homozygous for the null allele exhibiting a 3.80-kg lower (95% confidence interval=1.01-6.58) grip strength. No association was seen between the CNTF null allele and frailty. CONCLUSION: Individuals homozygous for the CNTF null allele had significantly lower grip strength but did not exhibit overt frailty. Larger prospective studies are needed to confirm this finding and extend it to additional populations.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Effect of digoxin on global respiratory muscle strength after cholecystectomy: a double blind study.

BACKGROUND: Upper abdominal surgery has been shown to impair the function of the respiratory muscles. In addition, controversial results have been reported concerning the effect of digoxin on the diaphragm. The aim of this study was to investigate further the mechanism(s) of respiratory muscle dysfunction after cholecystectomy and the effect of digoxin on the impaired respiratory muscle function. METHODS: Twenty three patients (four men) were studied before and 48 hours after surgery. Eleven received digoxin and 12 placebo. Respiratory muscle strength was assessed 48 hours after surgery by measuring mouth pressure during maximum static inspiratory (PImax) and expiratory (PEmax) efforts before and after 90 minutes of intravenous administration of 0.25 mg digoxin in a double blind, placebo controlled fashion. In addition, spirometric and pain measurements were performed. RESULTS: Postoperatively (+48 h) PImax and PEmax decreased significantly (p<0.01) from their preoperative values in both groups by a similar degree. After administration of digoxin or placebo only the digoxin group showed a significant increase in both PImax (p<0.02) and PEmax (p<0.05) with a mean increase of 15% for PImax and 12.3% for PEmax. The mean difference in PImax (DeltaPImax) and PEmax (DeltaPEmax) between the digoxin and placebo groups was 1.01 (95% CI 0.28 to 2.2) and 1.05 (95% CI 0.04 to 2.4), respectively. Estimates of postoperative pain did not differ between the two groups. Spirometric indices showed a similar restrictive defect postoperatively in both groups but did not change after digoxin or placebo. CONCLUSION: Digoxin improves the impaired global strength of the inspiratory and expiratory muscles after cholecystectomy and this may be clinically relevant. Muscle contractility could play a part in this impairment.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

A multiple muscle strength testing protocol.

A quick test (QT) protocol was developed to allow for the rapid testing of multiple muscle groups in order to profile body strength. Maximum muscle strength was also obtained using a standard test (ST) protocol. The ST protocol consisted of three five-second trials with a one-minute rest between trials and no more than four muscle groups tested per day. The QT protocol allowed only a five-second rest between trials. Thirteen subjects were evaluated using both protocols. Subjects were positioned either sitting or supine, depending on the muscle groups being evaluated. Stabilization was provided to minimize substitution patterns. Measurements were obtained using a load cell and a computerized recording system. Using the QT protocol and testing 13 muscle groups in one session vs five sessions with the ST protocol resulted in an average reduction of 4% in strength values for the QT protocol. The results suggest that the clinical use of the QT protocol may not significantly reduce the accuracy of repeated measurements even though values obtained may be slightly lower than those obtained using the ST protocol.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Aerobic capacity, muscle strength and health-related quality of life before and after orthotopic liver transplantation: preliminary data of an Austrian transplantation centre.

OBJECTIVE: Patients before orthotopic liver transplantation usually show a reduced physical performance status, which impacts on their daily life and social participation. This pilot study aimed to evaluate endurance capacity, muscle strength, and quality of life before and after orthotopic liver transplantation in patients in an Austrian transplantation centre. SUBJECTS: Fifteen patients (male/female = 10:5) were included in the pilot study. METHODS: Exercise testing, strength testing of knee extensor muscles and of handgrip, and quality of life (SF-36 health survey) were assessed before and after orthotopic liver transplantation (after 1-2 months). RESULTS: The oxygen uptake at the anaerobic threshold (VO2AT) and isokinetic strength testing of quadriceps femoris muscle did not change significantly from baseline, before transplantation to follow-up after orthotopic liver transplantation. Before orthotopic liver transplantation, quality of life was hampered concerning functional status, emotional role, vitality, and general health perception. Significant improvements of social functioning (p=0.032), vitality (p=0.006), mental health (p=0.004) and general health perception (p=0.002) could be found for this study population after orthotopic liver transplantation. CONCLUSION: The results of this pilot study including a population of an Austrian transplantation centre indicate deficits of physical performance as well as reduced quality of life in patients before and after orthotopic liver transplantation.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pre- and postoperative respiratory muscle strength in primary hyperparathyroidism.

Muscle function in ten hyperparathyroid patients and six patients with benign thyroid disease was assessed by measuring maximal expiratory (Pe max) and inspiratory (Pi max) pressures before and 6-12 months after neck surgery. Pe max was improved in all the hyperparathyroid patients postoperatively (p less than 0.002), while the median value of Pi max was unchanged. In the control (thyroid) group there was no significant postoperative change in either Pe max or Pi max. It is concluded that normalization of hypercalcemia improves respiratory muscular capacity, which can be quantified by measuring maximal expiratory pressure.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1988

Muscle strength, endurance and recovery in the post-infection fatigue syndrome.

A test of muscle strength and "fatiguability" was administered to 20 normal subjects and 20 patients suffering from post-infection fatigue syndrome. Maximal isometric torque for the elbow flexors was measured before, during and after an endurance sequence of 18 maximal static contractions (10 s duration, 10 s rest interval). The maximal isometric strength was not significantly different between the patient and control groups. The relative torque produced at the end of the series of 18 static contractions did not differ significantly between patients and normal subjects. In the patients with post-infection fatigue syndrome there was impairment of the recovery of peak torque at 10 minutes after the endurance sequence (p less than 0.02). The prominent subjective complaint of muscle fatigue in patients with post-infection fatigue syndrome contrasts with the relatively normal behaviour of their muscles during a controlled test of fatigue. The syndrome may include a disordered perception of achieved force and exertion.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Walking ability and its relationship to lower-extremity muscle strength in children with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies.

OBJECTIVE: To describe gait deficits and their association with lower-extremity muscle strength in children with juvenile idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM). DESIGN: Cross-sectional, descriptive study. SETTING: Clinical research center. PARTICIPANTS: Consecutive sample of 25 ambulatory children diagnosed with juvenile IIM. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Manual muscle test (MMT) of bilateral hip flexor, extensor, and abductor; knee extensor; and ankle plantarflexor strength, all measured on a 0- to 10-point scale and summary strength measures. Video-based movement analysis to determine walking speed; gait cycle time; right and left step time; stride length; right and left step length; and stance, swing, and double-limb support phase durations. RESULTS: Walking speed (1.03+/-0.27 m/s) was reduced because of shortened stride lengths (1.03+/-0.21 m) more than prolonged gait cycle times (1.05+/-0.22s). Walking speed highly correlated with the number of muscle groups weaker than grade 7 out of 10 (r=-.89) and the strength of the hip flexors (r=.85). CONCLUSIONS: Lower-extremity strength measures, including MMT scores of individual muscle groups and the number of weak muscle groups, were predictive of gait limitations in children with juvenile IIM.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Clinical measurements of proprioception, muscle strength and laxity in relation to function in the ACL-injured knee.

A knee injury with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture may cause deficits in proprioception, increased laxity and decreased muscle strength. Although it may be common knowledge that these factors affect knee function, only a few studies have been performed where this has been investigated in the clinical situation, and the results are not conclusive. The purpose of this study was therefore to investigate how and to what extent proprioception, laxity and strength affect knee joint function and evaluate if the methods commonly used for estimating these factors clinically seem to be relevant. The study encompassed 36 patients with ACL deficiency. A single-leg hop test for distance and subjective rating of knee function were defined as dependent variables and analyzed separately in stepwise linear regression models where proprioception, knee joint laxity, hamstrings and quadriceps strength, age and sex were defined as independent variables. Higher threshold values (poorer proprioception), increased side-to-side difference of anterior laxity and poorer strength significantly predicted shorter length of the hop test. Higher rating of subjective function corresponded to female gender, lesser side-to-side difference of anterior laxity and better proprioception.

Adolescent↗