PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “NEUROLOGIC EXAMINATION”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 667 records · Page 37Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

[Kinesiologic assessment of motor development dynamic in premature children until the expected term of delivery].

BACKGROUND: Kinesiologic assessment is included in the neurological examination and the kinesiologic findings may be used as a valuable criterion in assessment of the motor development dynamics. METHODS: The experimental group consisted of twenty-one preterm children (11 boys and 10 girls) born between 28th and 36th week of gestational age. All children were examined every two weeks till the expected term of delivery. Examinations included neurological-kinesiological assessment based on selected parameters of spontaneous or forced movement, muscle tonus, primitive reflexology and postural reactivity and screening scores according to Touwen and Salokorpi. RESULTS: When comparing the results obtained in the examined sample of children, using examination records and screening scores according to Touwen and Salokorpi, the neurological-kinesiological appeared as the best to be applied to the clinical practice. The criteria of rehabilitation applied, proved to be very effective. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the diagnosis based on the kinesiological assessment cannot be determined, further precision of the specific features of the kinesiological picture in these children, as a parameter of the motor development dynamics, is needed, as it will allow for subsequent evaluation of the therapy applied.

Child Development↗
PubMed1986

Completely reversible, severe, acute neurological deterioration with an otherwise asymptomatic, huge intradiploic calvarial epidermal cyst.

A huge, intradiploic, right temporoparietal epidermal cyst was known to be present, unchanged in extent, for over 14 years in a 55-year-old man. Although extreme mass effect was demonstrated by computed tomography scans, results of the neurological examination were within normal limits. Treatment of nausea and vomiting after vestibular testing caused somnolence and an acute diencephalic-mesencephalic syndrome of tentorial herniation. However, only moderate amounts of analgesics and sedatives were given. These symptoms disappeared as the pharmacological sedative effect diminished. Thereafter the tumor was resected radically. Neuropathological examination confirmed an epidermal cyst. Results of the postoperative neurological examination were within normal limits.

Bone Diseases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Suboccipital craniectomy, dorsal laminectomy of C1, durotomy and dural graft placement as a treatment for syringohydromyelia with cerebellar tonsil herniation in Cavalier King Charles spaniels.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate retrospectively the efficacy of the suboccipital craniectomy and dorsal laminectomy of C1 with durotomy and placement of a dural graft for treatment of syringohydromyelia (SHM) because of cerebellar tonsil herniation in Cavalier King Charles spaniels (CKCS). This technique is used with great success in human medicine. STUDY DESIGN: Four CKCS diagnosed by Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of SHM because of cerebellar tonsil herniation and not responsive to medical therapy underwent a suboccipital craniectomy and dorsal laminectomy of C1 (2 dogs) and of C1 and partial C2 (2 dogs) with durotomy and placement of a dural graft. Three dogs were evaluated neurologically 24 hours, 1 month, and 3 months postoperatively and evaluations were compared with preoperative neurological examination. Repeat MRI took place 3 months postoperatively. RESULTS: Neurological examinations showed neither improvement nor progression of clinical signs 3 months postoperatively. MRI showed no regression of syrinx size 3 months postoperatively. CONCLUSION: Improvement was not seen. Given the progressive nature of the disorder, evaluation over a longer period of time is necessary to detect if progression has stopped. Some modification to the surgical technique is needed to accomplish the same results as in human medicine. A study of a larger population is needed to attain more reliable information. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Suboccipital craniectomy and dorsal laminectomy of C1 with durotomy and placement of a dural graft is a feasible technique in CKCS, but needs some modification to accomplish the same results as in human medicine.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

The lumbosacral junction in working german shepherd dogs -- neurological and radiological evaluation.

The clinical and radiological incidence of lumbosacral (LS) disease was studied on 57 German Shepherd dogs (GSDs) used in active service. The study included a clinical history, a neurological examination, and plain radiographs of the caudal lumbar vertebrae. The neurological examinations revealed lower back pain and/or neural deficits in 21 dogs, of which 14 had a history of pain or pelvic gait abnormalities. Radiographic findings were spondylosis at L7-S1, degeneration of L7-S1 disc, LS malalignment, transitional LS vertebrae and/or primary spinal canal stenosis in 15 dogs with neurological abnormalities and/or back pain and in 18 dogs with no clinical signs. No correlation between the neurological and the radiographic findings were found. This study demonstrates that even prominent radiographic LS abnormalities are of minimal value in the evaluation of LS disease in the GSD.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Confirmation of subtle motor changes among presymptomatic carriers of the Huntington disease gene.

OBJECTIVE: To confirm that subtle changes in motor function and reaction time are present in presymptomatic individuals carrying the expanded Huntington disease (HD) allele. DESIGN: A case-control, double-blind study comparing presymptomatic HD gene carriers (PSGCs) and nongene carriers (NGCs) at risk for HD. SETTING: The Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics at a general clinical research center in a midwestern city. PARTICIPANTS: Two hundred sixteen individuals at risk for HD who were asymptomatic by self-report and who did not have manifest HD on results of clinical examination, including PSGCs (n = 61) and NGCs (n = 155). MEASURES: Molecular testing was used to determine the number of CAG repeats in the HD gene. A quantified neurologic examination and a battery of physiological measures of central nervous system function measuring speed of movement and reaction time were administered. RESULTS: On neurologic examination, the PSGCs exhibited significantly more definite or possible abnormalities than NGCs for overall oculomotor function, saccade velocity, optokinetic nystagmus, chorea of the extremities, and dystonia of the extremities (P<.05). The PSGCs also had significantly slower performance for auditory reaction time, visual reaction time, visual reaction time with decision, movement time, movement time with decision, and button-tapping time, compared with the NGCs (P<.05). CONCLUSIONS: Subtle changes in motor function, speed of movement, and reaction time are present in HD gene carriers who do not exhibit definite choreiform movements and who do not have sufficient signs to make a clinical diagnosis of HD. In addition, a trend toward slower speed of movement and reaction time was observed among this population as their neurologic abnormalities increased.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Clinical neuropsychiatric and neuromuscular manifestations in systemic lupus erythematosus.

Thirty patients with SLE were studied retrospectively and subjected to clinical neurological examination. The accumulated neurological manifestations from the beginning of the disease until the time of examination were thus collected. Twenty-five patients (83%) had experienced neuropsychiatric manifestations while 11 patients (37%) had neuromuscular manifestations. The most frequent single symptom was migraine which had occurred in 40% of the patients. This was followed by severe protracted headache in 20%, vertigo in 20%, and psychiatric problems in 17%. Carpal tunnel syndrome and muscular weakness both occurring in 23% of the patients were the most prevalent neuromuscular manifestations, followed by myositis in 10%.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Neurologic status of newborns with congenital heart defects before open heart surgery.

UNLABELLED: Controversy exists regarding the integrity of the nervous system in the newborn with a congenital heart defect who must undergo corrective or palliative open heart surgery. Neurodevelopmental sequelae have been primarily attributed to surgical procedures without standardized evaluation of the preoperative neurologic status. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether newborns with congenital heart defects demonstrate abnormalities in neurobehavioral status before surgery. STUDY DESIGN: In this prospective study, a standardized neonatal neurobehavioral assessment and a neurologic examination were conducted independently in a consecutive series of 56 neonates referred to our hospital for investigation of open heart surgery. RESULTS: Neurobehavioral and neurologic abnormalities were documented in greater than half of the cohort and included hypotonia, hypertonia, jitteriness, motor asymmetries, and absent suck. Poor state regulation (62%) and feeding difficulties (34%) also were commonly observed. Furthermore, 3 subjects had seizures, 35.7% were microcephalic, and 12.5% were macrocephalic. The overall likelihood of neurobehavioral abnormalities was not enhanced by indicators of cardiorespiratory compromise. Interestingly, newborns with acyanotic congenital heart defects were more likely to demonstrate neurologic compromise than were those with cyanotic defects. CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that the prevalence of neurobehavioral abnormalities before surgery in newborns with congenital heart defects has been underappreciated and would indicate that factors other than intraoperative procedures should be considered in the genesis of brain injury in this population.congenital heart defects, neurologic examination, newborn.

Heart Defects, Congenital↗
PubMed2006

Preclinical preceptorships in medical school: can curricular objectives be met in diverse teaching settings?

BACKGROUND: Although preclinical preceptorships for medical students during the first 2 years are now common, little is known about how well the curricular objectives can be met in clinical training sites. PURPOSE: To evaluate whether a clinical encounter system can help align preclinical preceptorship experiences with the core curriculum. METHODS: Using a PDA documentation system, 27 students collected student-preceptor-patient encounter information on all patients (N = 2,953) during a 2-year clinical training course. We compared Years 1 and 2 teaching and learning processes, common symptoms seen, and counseling skills performed and examined how well these clinical experiences aligned with the curricular goals. RESULTS: The majority of encounters in Year 1 involved the student observing the preceptor perform a history (47%) or physical exam (40%). In Year 2, there was a shift to student and preceptor both participating in the history (Year 1, 12%; Year 2, 24%; p = .004) and physical exam (Year 1, 34%; Year 2, 47%; p = .002). Cardiovascular; pulmonary; and head, eyes, ears, nose, and throat examinations were most common in Year 1 and increased in Year 2. Genitourinary, gynecologic, and neurological examinations occurred least often, and only the neurological examinations increased significantly in Year 2. Overall, at least 75% of students could find opportunities in Years 1 and 2 to achieve the majority of curricular goals. CONCLUSIONS: Knowing what students experience at their preceptor sites is vital for clinical skills course evaluation. Student-preceptor-patient encounter data should be used to complement other course evaluations to aid curriculum planning and decrease variability in student experiences.

Computers, Handheld↗
PubMed1984

Neonatal evaluation by nurses in a neonatal special care unit.

The value of a nursing questionnaire in the evaluation of preterm infants during their stay in the neonatal special care unit was studied. The questions were related to feeding, crying, sleeping, motoric process, tremor and stress, state control, position, sensory capabilities and parental attitudes. In general, questions were answered in 95%, but the questions related to sensory capabilities were only answered in 30%. Evaluation by the nurses of feeding, crying, motoric process, tremor and parental attitudes correlated well with observational data and with the results of a neurological examination. It was concluded that evaluation by the nurses using a questionnaire can be of value in neonatal units, especially when detailed observations or a systematic neurological examination are not feasible.

Behavior↗
PubMed1975

Value of sequential postoperative brain scans in patients with anaplastic gliomas.

The authors analyze the postoperative course of 30 patients with anaplastic supratentorial gliomas to evaluate the usefulness of sequential brain scanning as an adjunct to clinical neurological examinations in the early detection of tumor recurrence. The correlation between sequential scanning and clinical evaluation was excellent; no examples of divergent resu;ts were seen. With the exception of scans made very early in the postoperative period or when postoperative scalp flap infections were present, initial postoperative scans were easily interpreted in terms of both the superficial (postcraniotomy) and parenchymal changes. The specific type of postoperative therapy (radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or both) could not be correlated with whether scan or examination ultimately changed first. However, analysis of original tumor location revealed that while sequential postoperative scanning offered no advantage over repetitive neurological examinations in the detection of recurrent tumor in the neurologically dominant left hemisphere, scan changes preceded examination changes in eight of 17 cases involving tumors of the neurologically nondominant right hemisphere.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1998

Neurodevelopmental outcomes in children surviving d-transposition of the great arteries.

We investigated the prevalence of neurological abnormalities and learning problems in a population cohort of children with dextro-transposition of the great arteries (d-TGA) born between January 1, 1981 and July 1, 1990. Fifty-seven of the 60 survivors and 35 siblings in the control group underwent neurodevelopmental assessments. As compared with population norms, children with d-TGA were more likely to have abnormal neurological examination findings, learning disabilities, and behavioral disorders. There was no significant difference in IQ or frequency of abnormal neurological examination results between children undergoing atrial as compared with arterial switch procedures. Compared with their siblings, the children with d-TGA had more neurological findings and learning disabilities. The siblings of children with d-TGA had more learning problems than expected. The findings suggest that ongoing surveillance is indicated for children surviving d-TGA. Furthermore, a familial tendency for learning differences should to be taken into consideration when neurodevelopmental outcomes of various perioperative parameters are examined.

Child↗
PubMed1996

Trigeminal neurinomas in infants: report of two cases.

Two cases of trigeminal neurinoma in two infant girls aged 3 and 6 months are reported. Both presented with temporal cranial vault bulging at birth. The 6-month-old patient suffered onset of focal fits 1 month before admission and her neurological examination revealed no abnormalities. The 3-month-old patient had right exophthalmus and a subcutaneous fronto-orbital plexiform neurofibroma at birth. Neurological examination disclosed a sensory deficit of the first trigeminal nerve division. She also had a family medical history of von Reckling-hausen's disease. The incidence of trigeminal neurinomas in children is reviewed. The patients in these two cases are the youngest recorded; the cases are the only ones reported in infants. Clinical, radiological, and therapeutic aspects are discussed.

Cranial Nerve Neoplasms↗
PubMed1985

Superficial temporal-middle cerebral artery anastomosis: effects on vascular, neurologic, and neuropsychological functions.

In 44 patients, we studied the effects of superficial temporal-middle cerebral artery anastomosis on cerebral blood flow (CBF), neurologic examination, and cognitive functions. At 3 months, there was significant improvement in all variables. At 9 months, CBF was no longer significantly greater, but neurologic examination and cognitive functions had further improved. Patients with TIA had significant postoperative decreases in TIA frequency and did not progress to stroke, but had no significant changes in any variable. In stroke patients, we could not separate the effects of surgery from the natural evolution of changes in CBF and examination after stroke. None of the preoperative measurements predicted postoperative clinical improvement.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Cerebral dysfunction after cardiac operations in elderly patients.

BACKGROUND: Cerebral injury remains a significant complication of cardiac operations. We determined the incidence of cerebral dysfunction in a population of elderly patients undergoing open chamber cardiac operations (group 1) as compared with a younger population (group 2) and an age-matched group of elderly patients undergoing major noncardiac operations (group 3). METHODS: Sixty-eight patients (55 for open chamber cardiac operations and 13 for noncardiac operations) were prospectively studied. Patients were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively before hospital discharge using a complete neurologic examination and a battery of standard neuropsychometric tests, and at surgical follow-up with neuropsychometric tests only. RESULTS: Postoperative changes detected by neurologic examination consisted of the appearance of new primitive reflexes in all groups. No statistically significant differences in incidence were found. The neuropsychometric performance of group 1 patients was statistically different from that of patients in groups 2 and 3 only in the early follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: Elderly patients having open chamber cardiac operations exhibit significantly more cerebral dysfunction in the early postoperative period than those undergoing major noncardiac operations and younger patients after open chamber procedures. These changes do not persist into the late follow-up period.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2003

Peripheral neuropathy in scleroderma.

Because patients with scleroderma report neuropathic symptoms including numbness, paresthesias, and dysesthesias, we assessed peripheral nerve function in such patients. Fourteen scleroderma patients underwent complete neurologic examination, nerve conduction studies (NCS) and quantitative sensory testing (QST). Neurologic examination revealed reduced vibration (7) or pinprick (4) sensation in the upper or lower extremities, focal atrophy or proximal weakness (2), and decreased deep tendon reflexes (2). NCS showed reduced sensory nerve action potentials (1) and carpal tunnel syndrome (1). QST of the upper and lower extremity revealed increased cold or vibration detection thresholds in 8 of 14 patients. Our findings suggest that peripheral neuropathy occurs in patients with scleroderma at a higher frequency than previously appreciated. These findings cannot be ascribed to compression neuropathies, but rather involve large and small fibers in a non-length-dependent fashion. Larger, prospective studies using the more sensitive QST as well as pathologic studies of nerve, including cutaneous innervation, are needed to further assess the characteristics and etiology of the neuropathy.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

One-year neurodevelopmental outcome after moderate newborn hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy.

OBJECTIVES: To define the 1-year neurodevelopmental outcome for survivors of moderate (Sarnat stage 2) neonatal hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) to facilitate appropriate parental counselling. METHODS: Hospital-based retrospective review of admissions to a tertiary newborn intensive care unit between 1988 and 2000. All babies admitted for seizures were reviewed and those in whom the probable diagnosis was moderate HIE were identified from chart review. Perinatal variables, number of anticonvulsants, duration of hospital stay and 1-year neurodevelopmental outcome was recorded in survivors. RESULTS: Fifty-three babies who survived probable moderate HIE were identified. Forty-two of these were seen at 1 year of age. Of these, 22 (52%) had normal development and neurological examination and four (9.5%) had mild developmental delay with normal neurological examination. Thirteen babies (31%) had cerebral palsy, 11 of whom also had developmental delay. Two infants (5%) who had been severely impaired at 6 months died before 1 year of age. Overall, 36% of survivors of the neonatal period had significant disability and or had died by 1 year of age. Duration of anticonvulsant treatment and length of hospital stay were significantly related to adverse outcome. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest morbidity rates after moderate HIE in the upper end of the range previously described in the literature. Systematic longer-term follow up of this high-risk group of infants is needed.

Apgar Score↗
PubMed2004

Migraine as a risk factor for subclinical brain lesions.

CONTEXT: Clinical series have suggested an increased prevalence of cerebral infarction and white matter lesions (WMLs) in migraine patients. It is not known whether these lesions are prevalent in the general migraine population. OBJECTIVES: To compare the prevalence of brain infarcts and WMLs in migraine cases and controls from the general population and to identify migraine characteristics associated with these lesions. DESIGN: Cross-sectional, prevalence study of population-based sample of Dutch adults aged 30 to 60 years. PARTICIPANTS: Randomly selected patients with migraine with aura (n = 161), patients with migraine without aura (n = 134), and controls (n = 140), who were frequency matched to cases for age, sex, and place of residence. Nearly 50% of the cases had not been previously diagnosed by a physician. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Brain magnetic resonance images were evaluated for infarcts, by location and vascular supply territory, and for periventricular WMLs (PVWMLs) and deep WMLs (DWMLs). The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of these brain lesions compared with controls were examined by migraine subtype (with or without aura) and monthly attack frequency (<1 attack, > or =1 attack), controlling for cardiovascular risk factors and use of vasoconstrictor migraine agents. All participants underwent a standard neurological examination. RESULTS: No participants reported a history of stroke or transient ischemic attack or had relevant abnormalities at standard neurological examination. We found no significant difference between patients with migraine and controls in overall infarct prevalence (8.1% vs 5.0%). However, in the cerebellar region of the posterior circulation territory, patients with migraine had a higher prevalence of infarct than controls (5.4% vs 0.7%; P =.02; adjusted OR, 7.1; 95% CI, 0.9-55). The adjusted OR for posterior infarct varied by migraine subtype and attack frequency. The adjusted OR was 13.7 (95% CI, 1.7-112) for patients with migraine with aura compared with controls. In patients with migraine with a frequency of attacks of 1 or more per month, the adjusted OR was 9.3 (95% CI, 1.1-76). The highest risk was in patients with migraine with aura with 1 attack or more per month (OR, 15.8; 95% CI, 1.8-140). Among women, the risk for high DWML load (top 20th percentile of the distribution of DWML load vs lower 80th percentile) was increased in patients with migraine compared with controls (OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.0-4.1); this risk increased with attack frequency (highest in those with > or =1 attack per month: OR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.2-5.7) but was similar in patients with migraine with or without aura. In men, controls and patients with migraine did not differ in the prevalence of DWMLs. There was no association between severity of PVWMLs and migraine, irrespective of sex or migraine frequency or subtype. CONCLUSIONS: These population-based findings suggest that some patients with migraine with and without aura are at increased risk for subclinical lesions in certain brain areas.

Brain↗