Changes in conformation of stereocilia in hair cells of the rat spiral organ of Corti after 6-hydroxydopamine as revealed by scanning electron microscopy.
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Animals↗
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Different dose/effects of amikacin ototoxicity on the organ of Corti and the stria vascularis in the guinea pig.
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Amikacin↗
[Clinical and experimental research on a kidney-tonifying prescription in preventing and treating children's hearing-loss induced by aminoglycoside antibiotic ototoxicity].
This paper reports 30 cases of hearing-loss induced by aminoglycoside antibiotic ototoxicity treated mainly with Kidney-tonifying herbs such as Herba Epimedii, Rhizoma Drynariae, Rhizoma Polygonati, Radix Polygoni Multiflori, Magnetitum and Rhizoma Acori Graminei, etc. After three month's treatment, the authors found that 19 cases had improved their hearing more than 15 db, among which there are 8 cases who had improved 15 db and 11 cases 30 db. The patients' hearing of pre-treatment and post-treatment were determined by BAR V-wave hearing threshold. In order to further prove that Kidney-tonifying prescription can antagonize the aminoglycoside antibiotic ototoxicity, animal experiments had been made. The authors chose guinea pigs for experimental animals, which were randomly divided into three groups: Kanamycin group, kanamycin with Kidney-tonifying herbs group, and control group. The indexes of the experiments were the animals' helix reflection index, BAR and observation of animals' cochlear under electron microscope. As a result, the damage to hair cell of Cortis organ has marked for the animals of kanamycin group, while for kanamycin with herbs group, it was obviously slighter (P less than 0.01). There was significant difference between the groups. The result indicates that Kidney-tonifying herbs had the effect of protecting the animals' hair cells of cortis organ against aminoglycoside antibiotic ototoxicity and thus protected the animals' hearing.
Adolescent↗
[The organ of Corti in female Swiss RB mice. Electron microscopic study of the peripheral receptor in mice belonging to a strain in which some are pathologic mutants].
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Animals↗
Normal structure of the organ of Corti and the effect of noise-induced cochlear damage. In: Sensorineural hearing loss.
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Animals↗
An original organotypic culture method to study the organ of Corti of the newborn rat in vitro.
The inner ear growth is related to several factors which are not yet well known. In order to study the effect of growth factors on the development of the auditory receptor cells, we have chosen first to establish an in vitro model of the inner ear. Newborn rats were selected as the source of tissue because the inner ear is immature enough at this stage of development for studying some relations between receptors and their innervation. Until recently, the Maximov slide assembly technique was the only organ culture system available and silver neurofibrillary methods were used to stain the nervous structures. These are difficult and time-consuming techniques. With the use of a collagen gel drop floating in the culture medium, we have developed a simple and reliable method. Furthermore, an immunohistochemical fiber-staining technique with anti-neurofilament and histochemical staining technique with phalloidin allows us to check in a few days the organotypy at the spiral ganglion and hair cell levels. This floating drop method gave us some preliminary information about the spiral neuron cells which survived.
Animals↗
Comparative study of the nerve endings of the outer and inner hair cells in the organ of Corti.
The synaptic region and nerve endings have been studied both in the outer and inner hair cells by using optic and electron microscopy, nerve staining and Acetyl Cholinesterase activity. The findings are described, with a discussion of the results.
Acetylcholinesterase↗
Vascular supply to the organ of corti in man.
The capillary distribution in the basilar membrane and the osseous spiral lamina was studied in 40 human temporal bones. The capillaries were made visible using a histochemical technique for demonstrating alkaline phosphatase activity. High tone sensorineural hearing loss can be explained by capillary distribution, length of a segment in the outer spiral vessel and the distance between the inner and the outer spiral vessels in different cochlear turns.
Adolescent↗
Incorporation of palmitic acid in the organ of Corti as revealed by autoradiography.
The sites of incorporation of [3H]palmitic acid perfused through the scala tympani of the guinea pig cochlea were localized autoradiographically. The most active incorporation occurred in the lipid globules of Hensen's cells, followed by the hair cells, myelin of the cochlear nerve and other cells. It is speculated that the lipid globules of Hensen's cells act as a reservoir of the vitamin A esterified by fatty acids.
Animals↗
Are nonlinearities observed in firing rates of auditory-nerve afferents reflections of a nonlinear coupling between the tectorial membrane and the organ of Corti?
Shear motion between the reticular lamina and the tectorial membrane at the location of the inner hair cells, studied on a network model of the cochlea with a nonlinear coupling between the two structures, exhibits the same type of nonlinearities as seen in the firing rates of auditory-nerve afferents. They include wave form distortions, phase changes and nonmonotonic dependence of the output amplitude on the cochlear input amplitude.
Animals↗
Expression of alpha and beta parvalbumin is differentially regulated in the rat organ of corti during development.
The expression of two calcium-binding proteins of the parvalbumin (PV) family, the alpha isoform (alphaPV) and the beta isoform known as oncomodulin (OM), was investigated in the rat cochlea during postnatal development and related to cholinergic efferent innervation. Using RT-PCR analysis, we found that OM expression begins between postnatal day 2 (P2) and P4, and peaks as early as P10, while alphaPV mRNA begins expression before birth and remains highly expressed into the adult period. Both in situ hybridization and immunoreactivity confirm that OM is uniquely expressed by the outer hair cells (OHCs) in the rat cochlea and occurs after efferent innervation along the cochlear spiral between P2 and P4. In contrast to OM expression, alphaPV immunoreactivity is expressed in both inner hair cells (IHCs) and OHCs at birth. Following olivocochlear efferent innervation, OHCs demonstrate weak OM immunoreactivity beginning at P5 and diminished alphaPV immunoreactivity after P10. In organ cultures isolated prior to the efferent innervation of OHCs, OM immunoreactivity failed to develop in OHCs, but alphaPV immunoreactivity remained present in both IHCs and OHCs. In contrast, organ cultures isolated after efferent innervation of OHCs show OHCs with low levels of OM immunoreactivity and high levels of alphaPV immunoreactivity. This study suggests that OM and alphaPV are differentially regulated in OHCs during cochlear development. Our findings further raise the possibility that the expression of PV proteins in OHCs may be influenced by efferent innervation.
Animals↗
[Ultrastructural localization of immune reactions to met-enkephalin antibodies in the organ of Corti].
Using a pre-embedding immunoperoxidase technique, enkephalin-like substances were described, at the ultrastructural level, in efferent terminals of the guinea pig cochlea. These fibers were located in the inner spiral bundle and the tunnel spiral bundle. No immunoreaction was detected under the outer hair cells. Most of the immunoreactive fibers contacted afferent dendrites; synaptic differentiations were seen, suggesting a possible inhibitory effect of the enkephalin immunoreactive efferents upon the auditory afferents.
Animals↗
Identification of precipitable Ca2+ by electron spectroscopic imaging and electron energy loss spectroscopy in the organ of Corti of the guinea pig.
Ca2+ cations were precipitated with potassium antimonate in the cochlea of the guinea pig, and the formed precipitates were localized by electron microscopy using either elastically or inelastically scattered electrons. The elemental composition of the precipitates was determined by electron spectroscopic imaging (ESI) and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). It was found that calcium, antimony and oxygen were the dominating elements in the precipitates formed in different cell types in the inner ear.
Animals↗
Reversible damage to the nerve fibres in the organ of Corti after surgical opening of the cochlea in the rat.
After minimal opening of the cochlear bony wall, the efferent and the outer spiral fibres showed no changes; inner radial fibres (afferents to inner hair cells) were highly sensitive to this mild trauma, appearing swollen and empty of cytoplasmic content. Available data suggest that this may be due to alterations in the cochlear micromechanical environment, related to the surgical manipulation. The swellings were reversible, although the normal structure had not completely recovered until one month after the manipulation.
Animals↗
Immunohistochemical localisation of nerve growth factor-like protein in the organ of Corti of the developing rat.
The presence of nerve growth factor (NGF)-like protein was investigated in the cochlea of the developing rat between birth and postnatal day 30, by the indirect immunofluorescence technique. Nerve growth factor-like protein could be detected from birth up to day 8. The immunostaining was localised within the hair mainly above their nuclei. No NGF-like immunoreactivity was observed in spiral ganglion cells. The data suggest that NGF acts as a neurotrophic factor, especially for efferent endings in the developing cochlea.
Aging↗
Analysis of gene expression in the organ of Corti revealed by single-cell RT-PCR.
Many genes encoding proteins which are expressed in the auditory periphery have been identified in the last years. With single-cell reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), the molecular analysis of gene expression can be done on the single-cell level. Furthermore a single-cell RT-PCR experiment can be combined with the electrophysiological characterization of an individual cell. The combination of these two methods will lead to a better understanding of how functional properties of neurons are controlled by the expression of complex proteins.
Animals↗
Modified staining technique for surface preparation of the organ of Corti.
A simple technique for the staining of the inner ear tissues using toluidine blue and Ehrlich haematoxylin is described. The method is very convenient for histological evaluation of hair cell counts, for estimation of the number of scars in the reticular lamina, for observing the arrangement of stereociliary pattern and for the detection of traumatic changes after noise exposure. The method described proves to be very useful for histological examination of human temporal bones as well and makes possible an immediate evaluation of the hair cells of the human cochlea and direct correlation of the inner ear pathology with audiometric data.
Animals↗
Periods of sensitivity to thyroid hormone during the development of the organ of Corti.
Cochlear structures are sensitive to the morphogenetic effect of thyroid hormone during the whole duration of maturation. For each structure, there exists a period of maximal sensitivity to thyroid hormone which corresponds to the period of development during which the structure of interest undergoes its main morphological changes (6 to 13 days for the inner sulcus epithelium, 6 to 10 days for the pillars, the 2nd and a part of the 3rd postnatal week for OHCs and their efferent innervation in rats). These periods of sensitivity can be considered as critical periods because cochlear structures are maximally vulnerable to thyroid deficiency during these periods.
Animals↗