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Results for “Plant Immunity”

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[Allergenic and immunogenic properties of industrial dust of the cotton factory].

The results of the determination of the allergenic and immunogenic properties of industrial dust of the cotton factory complex are presented. The antigen of industrial dust consists of, at least, 5 antigenic components. The presence of common antigenic determinants in the antigen of industrial dust and in cotton pollen antigen has been established. The administration of relatively large doses of the allergen according to a shortened schedule has been experimentally shown to enhance the curative effectiveness of specific therapy.

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗
PubMed2004

[Recent advances in molecular mapping and cloning of useful genes from wild rice and their application in breeding].

Wild rice has adapted to weather and unfavorable environments under natural selection. It has been well recognized as a natural gene bank that conserves a lot of specific genes presently not available for extinct in the cultivated rice. There is an urgent need to explore these specific genes. The present paper summarized current researches in molecular mapping and cloning of useful genes from wild rice,and their potential application in breeding.

Biomass↗
PubMed1990

[Studies of immune system parameters in coke plant workers].

Studies on such parameters of immunological system as lymphocyte subpopulations percentage, immunoglobulins concentration and NBT reduction test were performed in peripheral blood obtained from 232 coke plant workers. All the subjects were divided into groups according to the degree of exposure to BaP. Lymphocyte T and B percentage, immunoglobulins IgG, IgM and IgA concentration and NBT reduction test in the examined groups were not significantly different from those in the control group. However, in subjects exposed to the highest concentrations of BaP the low percentages of lymphocytes T (OKT-3) and lymphocytes TH--helper (OKT-4) were revealed when the lymphocytes T subpopulations were examined (using monoclonal antibodies in indirect immunofluorescent technique). Presumably, the alterations the percentage of lymphocytes T subpopulations depend on high BaP concentration affecting the exposed workers.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Oral immunization using tuber extracts from transgenic potato plants expressing rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus capsid protein.

Rabbit hemorrhagic disease, which is caused by a calicivirus, is a lethal infection of adult animals that is characterized by acute liver damage and disseminated intravascular coagulation. In this study, we report the production of the major structural protein VP60 of rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus in transgenic tubers of potato plants and its use as an oral immunogen in rabbits.

Animals↗
PubMed2025

Drought recovery in plants triggers a cell-state-specific immune activation.

All organisms experience stress as an inevitable part of life, from single-celled microorganisms to complex multicellular beings. The ability to recover from stress is a fundamental trait that determines the overall resilience of an organism, yet stress recovery is understudied. To investigate how plants recover from drought, we examine a fine-scale time series of RNA sequencing starting 15 min after rehydration following moderate drought. We reveal that drought recovery is a rapid process involving the activation of thousands of recovery-specific genes. To capture these rapid recovery responses in different Arabidopsis thaliana (A. thaliana) leaf cell types, we perform a single-nucleus transcriptome analysis at the onset of drought recovery, identifying a cell type-specific transcriptional state developing independently across cell types. To further validate the cell-type specific transcriptional changes observed during drought recovery, we employ spatial transcriptomics using multiplexed error-robust fluorescence in situ hybridization (MERFISH), revealing anatomical localization of recovery-induced gene expression programs across Arabidopsis leaf tissues. Furthermore, we reveal a recovery-induced activation of the immune system that occurs autonomously, and which enhances pathogen resistance in vivo in A. thaliana, wild tomato (Solanum pennellii) and domesticated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum cv. M82). Since rehydration promotes microbial proliferation and thereby increases the risk of infection, the activation of drought recovery-induced immunity may be crucial for plant survival in natural environments. These findings indicate that drought recovery coincides with a preventive defense response, unraveling the complex regulatory mechanisms that facilitate stress recovery in different plant cell types.

Arabidopsis↗
PubMed2004

The plant virus Tomato Spotted Wilt Tospovirus activates the immune system of its main insect vector, Frankliniella occidentalis.

Tospoviruses have the ability to infect plants and their insect vectors. Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), the type species in the Tospovirus genus, infects its most important insect vector, Frankliniella occidentalis, the western flower thrips (WFT). However, no detrimental effects on the life cycle or cytopathological changes have been reported in the WFT after TSWV infection, and relatively few viral particles can be observed even several days after infection. We hypothesized that TSWV infection triggers an immune response in the WFT. Using subtractive cDNA libraries to probe WFT DNA macroarrays, we found that the WFT's immune system is activated by TSWV infection. The activated genes included (i) those encoding antimicrobial peptides, such as defensin and cecropin; (ii) genes involved in pathogen recognition, such as those encoding lectins; (iii) those encoding receptors that activate the innate immune response, such as Toll-3; and (iv) those encoding members of signal transduction pathways activated by Toll-like receptors, such as JNK kinase. Transcriptional upregulation of these genes after TSWV infection was confirmed by Northern analysis, and the kinetics of the immune response was measured over time. Several of the detected genes were activated at the same time that viral replication was first detected by reverse transcription-PCR. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the activation of an insect vector immune response by a plant virus. The results may lead to a better understanding of insects' immune responses against viruses and may help in the future development of novel control strategies against plant viruses, as well as human and animal viruses transmitted by insect vectors.

Animals↗
PubMed2007

The ubiquitin pathway is required for innate immunity in Arabidopsis.

Plant defences require a multitude of tightly regulated resistance responses. In Arabidopsis, the unique gain-of-function mutant suppressor of npr1-1 constitutive 1 (snc1) carries a point mutation in a Resistance (R)-gene, resulting in constitutive activation of defence responses without interaction with pathogens. This has allowed us to identify various downstream signalling components essential in multiple defence pathways. One mutant that suppresses snc1-mediated constitutive resistance is modifier of snc1 5 (mos5), which carries a 15-bp deletion in UBA1, one of two ubiquitin-activating enzyme genes in Arabidopsis. A mutation in UBA2 does not suppress snc1, suggesting that these two genes are not equally required in Arabidopsis disease resistance. On the other hand, a mos5 uba2 double mutant is lethal, implying partial redundancy of the two homologues. Apart from affecting snc1-mediated resistance, mos5 also exhibits enhanced disease susceptibility to a virulent pathogen and is impaired in response to infection with avirulent bacteria carrying the protease elicitor AvrRpt2. The mos5 mutation in the C-terminus of UBA1 might affect binding affinity of the downstream ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes, thus perturbing ubiquitination of target proteins. Furthermore, SGT1b and RAR1, which are necessary for resistance conferred by the SNC1-related R-genes RPP4 and RPP5, are dispensable in snc1-mediated resistance. Our data reveal the definite requirement for the ubiquitination pathway in the activation and downstream signalling of several R-proteins.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1982

Quantitative studies of in situ immune complex glomerulonephritis in the rat induced by planted, cationized antigen.

Cationized human IgG can bind to the rat glomerular basement membrane (GBM), act as planted antigen, and induce in situ immune complex formation accompanied by severe glomerulonephritis. Perfusion of highly cationized human IgG (isoelectric point {more than} 9.5) via the left renal artery resulted in preferential localization within the perfused kidney (up to 56 percent of dose injected); after intravenous administration, only 4 percent was bound to the kidneys. The planted antigen was localized along the glomerular capillary walls and was accessible for antibody administered intravenously 1 h after perfusion, when virtually no antigen remained in the circulation. Persistence of cationized human IgG in the perfused kidney was markedly prolonged when complexed with antibody; one-half the cationized human IgG was still present after 12 d. There was a difference in the disappearance rates of antigen and antibody, as cationized human IgG was removed faster from the kidney than the antibody, the binding of which remained almost unchanged during the first week. Renal perfusion of a minimum of 20 mug of cationized human IgG, followed by intravenous injection of antibody, regularly induced severe glomerulonephritis with a proteinuria of at least 100 mg/24 h. The degree and the persistence of proteinuria induced depended on the dose of cationized human IgG perfused. Experiments using radiolabeled antigen and antibody showed that after renal perfusion of 20 mug cationized human IgG, 11.1 mug was kidney bound at the time of antibody injection. At the onset of proteinuria, 4.0 mug of antigen and 31.9 mug of anti-human IgG antibody were present in the perfused kidney. Immunofluorescence revealed immune deposits consisting of cationized human IgG and rabbit IgG (anti-human IgG) along the GBM. The staining pattern was linear (confluent) during the first 2 d and became granular during the course of the disease. Electronmicroscopically, a prominent finding was the accumulation of dense deposits, mainly in the subepithelial space and beneath the slit pores.

Animals↗