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PubMed1991

Mood changes during the menstrual cycle and their relation to the use of oral contraceptive.

The relation between the use of oral contraceptives and changes in positive and negative affect over the course of the menstrual cycle was studied in 50 women who completed a mood questionnaire daily during their menstrual cycle. Results indicated that users of oral contraceptives experience a higher level of positive affect during the cycle than do non-users. Positive affect scores were significantly higher than negative affect scores in the menstruation, follicular and luteal phases of the cycle. There were no significant differences between the groups and no discernible phasic changes on negative affect. Discussion of these findings centers on their implications concerning the relation between positive affect and oral contraceptives, the support they provide for the independence of positive and negative affect, and future directions for research in this area.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1980

Plasma concentrations of levonorgestrel as a function of the release rate of levonorgestrel from medicated intra-uterine devices.

An effort was made to achieve different levels of plasma levonorgestrel (13-ethyl-17 alpha-ethynyl-17-hydroxy-gon-4-en-3-one) (Ng) concentrations by the intra-uterine admininistration of levonorgestrel-releasing intra-uterine devices (IUD). Three different models were designed to release different doses of Ng daily. Sixteen women volunteered for the study and had a Ng IUD inserted post-menstrually. The effect of the IUDs on the ovulatory pattern was studied by measuring plasma concentration of oestradiol and progesterone by radioimmunoassay. Ng plasma concentrations were also measured by radioimmunoassay. In vitro experiments to measure the release of Ng from each type of device were carried out. Although some overlapping of mean plasma levels of Ng occurred during use of the three models of the IUDs, suppression of ovulation was clearly dose-dependent. Wide variations in plasma levels of Ng were seen between individuals but quite uniform plasma levels were seen in each subject for up to one year. IUDs where in vitro release rates were equivalent to each other also resulted in wide individual variations in plasma concentrations of Ng.

Adult↗

PubMed1999