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At least 667 records · Page 37Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

The association of selected pathological features with prostate cancer in a single-needle biopsy accession.

Isolated high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) has been shown to be a positive predictor of prostate cancer (PCa) on follow-up biopsy. However, the incidence of isolated high-grade PIN in needle biopsy specimens has been reported with a highly variable frequency of 1% to 15%. The current study examined the relationship of various pathological features with PCa on a single biopsy accession. A study population of 388 community-based consecutive needle biopsy accessions was prospectively recorded by a single pathologist (T.M.W.). All of the individual biopsy specimens were coded for the presence of PCa, high-grade PIN, low-grade PIN, chronic inflammation (CI), intraluminal prostatic crystalloids (IPC) in benign glands, and mucinous metaplasia (MM). One hundred twenty-nine (33%) of the patients were diagnosed with PCa. The 8% incidence of isolated high-grade PIN was consistent with previous studies. The incidence of other pathological features were as follows: high-grade PIN, 14%; low-grade PIN, 13%; CI, 30%; IPC, 4%; and MM, 8%. Of the patients with high-grade PIN, 47% had PCa on a separate core biopsy, whereas 31% of patients without high-grade PIN were observed to have PCa (P=.021). Of the patients with CI, 21% were found to have PCa on a separate core, whereas 38% of patients without CI were found to have PCa (P=.0009). None of the other pathological features surveyed showed any significant association with PCa. High-grade PIN was a relatively common finding (14%) in this study and was positively associated with PCa on a separate core from the same accession biopsy. The negative association of CP with PCa within the same accession has not been reported previously and may be an artifact related to the clinical indications for a prostatic biopsy.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1999

Decreased immunoexpression of prostate inhibin peptide in prostatic carcinoma: a study with monoclonal antibody.

Prostate inhibin peptide (PIP) is a follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) regulating peptide produced by the prostate. The mechanism of its endocrine role in regulating prostate growth is believed to be androgen-independent but FSH-dependent. Previous studies using polyclonal antibody proposed PIP as a prostatic-specific marker in cancer diagnosis. However, the recently available monoclonal antibody has not yet been evaluated. Paraffin sections of 72 prostatectomy specimens for prostate cancer with or without hormonal blockage therapy and 10 nonneoplastic prostate tissues from autopsy were stained by using PIP monoclonal antibody (clone: 4A6A6) with the avidin-biotin complex method. PIP reactivity was semiquantitatively estimated in prostatic carcinoma (PCA), prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and normal tissue in each case when ever present. Statistical analyses were performed accordingly. PIP expression is predominantly cytoplasmic. Urothelium, seminal vesicles, inflamed prostatic glands, basal cells, and squamous metaplasia were negative for PIP. Average percentage of cells expressing PIP was significantly decreased in PIN (40%) and PCA (14%) when compared with BPH (81%) and normal tissue (68%). There was no correlation of tumor PIP level with patient's age, tumor size, Gleason score, tumor stage, or the usage of preoperative hormonal blockage therapy. PIP monoclonal antibody should be used with caution as a prostate-specific marker in surgical pathology. The mechanism for this alteration and the effect of PIP on prostatic tumor growth, particularly in patients under a variety of hormonal therapies, needs further study.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Non-viral vector as vaccine carrier.

Over the last several years, advances in gene-based delivery technology arising from the field of gene therapy have helped revitalize the field of vaccine development. Genetic vaccination encoding antigen from bacteria, virus, and cancer has shown promise in protective humoral and cellular immunity; however, the potential disadvantages of naked DNA vaccine have reduced the value of the approach. To optimize antigen delivery efficiency as well as vaccine efficacy, the non-viral vector as vaccine carrier, for example, the cationic liposome, has shown particular benefits to circumvent the obstacles that both peptide/protein- and gene-based vaccines have encountered. Liposome-mediated vaccine delivery provides greater efficacy and safer vaccine formulation for the development of vaccine for human use. The success of the liposome-based vaccine has been demonstrated in clinical trials and further human trials are also in progress.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Correlation of histological inflammation in needle biopsy specimens with serum prostate- specific antigen levels in men with negative biopsy for prostate cancer.

OBJECTIVES: To reveal the possible contribution of histological inflammation within the prostate to the abnormal elevation of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels in patients with needle biopsy negative for prostate cancer. METHODS: We reviewed negative needle biopsy specimens obtained in 93 patients. The degree of acute and chronic inflammation as evaluated histologically was compared with serum PSA levels in conjunction with age and prostate volume. RESULTS: Both age (P <0.01) and prostate volume (P <0.0001) correlated significantly with serum PSA levels and were significantly greater in patients with abnormal serum PSA levels (greater than 4.0 ng/mL) than in those with normal serum PSA levels (4.0 ng/mL or less) (P <0.01). The presence of histological inflammation within the prostate also correlated significantly with serum PSA levels. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated prostate volume to be the only independent determinant of serum PSA levels (P <0.01). In patients with a prostate volume larger than 25 mL, only prostate volume correlated significantly with serum PSA levels (P <0. 05). On the other hand, the degree of acute inflammation as represented by polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration was the only parameter correlating significantly with serum PSA levels (P <0.05) in patients with a prostate volume smaller than 25 mL. CONCLUSIONS: Histologically defined acute inflammation within the prostate is a significant contributor to elevated serum PSA levels, especially in patients with small prostates. In the assessment of needle biopsy results negative for prostate cancer, it might be helpful to evaluate the degree of histological inflammation, especially in terms of the necessity of subsequent repeated biopsies.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

Role of "saturation biopsy" in the detection of prostate cancer among difficult diagnostic cases.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the role of extensive prostate biopsy ("saturation biopsy") among selected men with unexplained worrisome prostate-specific antigen (PSA) parameters. Clinicians are commonly faced with the dilemma of elevating PSA levels despite negative prostate biopsy results in patients without symptoms of prostatitis. METHODS: Thirty-seven patients underwent saturation biopsy. This consisted of 24 peripheral zone cores, 6 to 12 transition zone cores, and 2 lateral lobe transurethral samples. All procedures were done under anesthesia. Patients were discharged home with catheters in situ. All patients had undergone at least three prior sets of transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsies, including transition zone assessment. Twelve, eight, and five patients had had four, five, and six prior prostate biopsies, respectively. Specimens were sent for pathologic examination in groups of six to determine the marginal benefit of the additional sampling. RESULTS: The mean age of the cohort was 62.4 years (range 39 to 75). The median PSA and percent free PSA was 22.4 ng/mL (range 7.8 to 73.8) and 0.11 (range 0.04 to 0.17), respectively. Five patients (13.5%) had detectable carcinoma at saturation biopsy. The grade distribution was Gleason score 8 for 1 patient, Gleason score 7 for 2 patients, and Gleason score 6 for 2 patients. In all cases, carcinoma was detected in the first 18 peripheral zone cores. Acute prostatitis was noted in 19% of specimens. The procedure was well tolerated, although 4 patients required prolonged (greater than 1 week) catheter drainage for urinary retention. All patients were spontaneously voiding by week 3. CONCLUSIONS: Most men with multiple previous biopsies and increasingly worrisome PSA parameters do not have cancer. The marginal utility of the saturation biopsy is low. Although rare additional cases will be detected using this technique, 18-core peripheral sampling is recommended for these difficult diagnostic cases.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2002

Epidemiologic association between prostatitis and prostate cancer.

OBJECTIVES: To quantify the relationship between prostatitis and prostate cancer by pooling previous epidemiologic studies of this association. METHODS: A comprehensive search for articles published through 2000 was performed, blinded reviews of each study were conducted, data were abstracted, and all such studies were pooled. RESULTS: In this meta-analysis, an increased risk was seen among men with a history of prostatitis (odds ratio = 1.6), particularly with population-based case-control studies (odds ratio = 1.8). Increased relative risk estimates were also seen among men with a history of syphilis and a history of gonorrhea. CONCLUSIONS: These associations with prostate cancer suggest that infections may represent one mechanism through which prostate cancer develops. However, causality is unclear, because recall bias and detection bias cannot be ruled out. Future cohort studies of prostate cancer should examine sexually transmitted infections, as well as other infections, as potential risk factors.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus, and papillomavirus DNA are not found in patients with chronic pelvic pain syndrome undergoing radical prostatectomy for localized prostate cancer.

OBJECTIVES: To study the possible involvement of viruses in chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS) using polymerase chain reaction. Among other factors, the involvement of viruses in CPPS has been speculated, but few studies have investigated this. METHODS: Consecutive patients with localized prostate cancer for whom radical prostatectomy was considered were evaluated for symptoms of CPPS using the National Institutes of Health Chronic-Prostatitis Symptom Index. Ten patients with moderate to severe symptoms and 10 without symptoms were included in the study. The presence of herpes simplex virus (types 1 and 2), cytomegalovirus, and human papillomavirus DNA was investigated by polymerase chain reaction in prostatic tissue samples obtained at radical prostatectomy. RESULTS: All the samples were negative for the viral sequences tested. CONCLUSIONS: A viral etiology could not be demonstrated in CPPS. In addition, no association of the viruses with prostate cancer could be found.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

Chronic prostatitis: epidemiology and role of infection.

We review the epidemiology of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) and the role of infectious agents, emphasizing critical data necessary to define current research issues. The epidemiologic literature is limited, but the worldwide prevalence appears to be in the range of 2% to 10%, indicating that CP/CPPS represents an important international health problem. Recent molecular studies have documented bacterial DNA sequences in prostate tissue from CP/CPPS patients. These data suggest that colonization and/or infection occurs in the prostates of many patients with CP/CPPS. Further molecular research is needed to define the role of bacteria in the etiology of CP/CPPS.

Chronic Disease↗