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Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

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At least 667 records · Page 37Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting: current and new standards in the antiemetic prophylaxis and treatment.

Nausea and vomiting are considered as two of the most distressing side-effects of chemotherapy. Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting have been classified into acute, delayed and anticipatory based on the time of onset. The frequency of nausea and vomiting depends primarily on the emetogenic potential of the chemotherapeutic agents used. With the introduction of the 5-HT3 receptor-antagonists in combination with dexamethasone in the early 1990s approximately 70% of patients receiving highly emetogenic chemotherapy were protected from acute emesis. However, 40% of patients have symptoms in the delayed phase. Another group of antiemetics, the neurokinin-1-receptor-antagonists, have recently been introduced. The addition of neurokinin receptor (NK1 receptor)-antagonists to standard therapy significantly improves emesis protection in the acute and in particular in the delayed phase by approximately 20%. Due to these new developments, revised antiemetic guidelines have been set. Here, the most recent developments in antiemetic therapy, including these guidelines, are reviewed.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2005

COMBAT--conventional versus multisite pacing for bradyarrhythmia therapy: rationale of a prospective randomized multicenter study.

COMBAT is a prospective, multicenter, randomized, blinded clinical study, with crossover design. The main objective is the comparative evaluation of atrio-biventricular versus conventional atrioventricular stimulation (atrio and right ventricle) in patients with heart failure and bradycardia as the primary indication for pacemaker implantation. After successful atrio-biventricular system implantation, patients will be randomized into two groups: group A--atrioventricular conventional pacing and group B--atrio-biventricular pacing. Both groups will be programmed in DDD mode with AV delay optimized by echocardiogram. After 3 months, New York Heart Association functional class, ventricular arrhythmia density and complexity, echocardiography outcomes, 6-min hall walk distance, quality of life and peak oxygen consumption will be assessed in all patients. Then, all patients will crossover to the other pacing regimen, with an additional AV delay adjustment by echo. Patients will be followed up for another 3 months at the end of which all evaluations will be repeated. Patients will then crossover back to their original pacing regimen for a further 3 months. At the end of this 9-month period, patients will be reprogrammed according to their optimal pacing regime. In an extended follow-up, patient survival will be evaluated after 24 months of the optimal pacing therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Mild persistent asthma: is any treatment needed?

Asthma treatment guidelines are intended to relieve symptoms and to prevent complications such as exacerbations, airway remodeling, and death. The existing recommendations are based on a combination of evidence and expert opinion. Recent data raise questions about the need for chronic controller therapy for those patients at the very low end of the asthma-severity continuum. Although these data are not sufficient to warrant a change in guidelines, the new information points out the need for large, long-term studies on the treatment of mild persistent asthma, with an emphasis on exacerbations, remodeling, and the relationship between these outcomes and markers of asthma control.

Anti-Asthmatic Agents↗
PubMed2003

Why?

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMed2006

Statins for the prevention of perioperative cardiovascular complications in vascular surgery.

Perioperative cardiovascular complications in vascular surgery remain a significant problem despite recent advancements in perioperative care. This clinical update summarizes the results of recent studies on the effectiveness and safety of perioperative statin use for the prevention of these perioperative cardiovascular complications. Five studies in patients undergoing major noncardiac vascular surgery and two studies in patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy are described. All studies reported a significant reduction in perioperative cardiovascular events in statin users compared with nonusers. The safety of perioperative statin use has not yet been fully elaborated, although current evidence suggests there is no extra risk from statin-induced side effects in the perioperative period.

Cardiovascular Diseases↗
PubMed2006

Co-administration of sirolimus alters tacrolimus pharmacokinetics in a dose-dependent manner in adult renal transplant recipients.

A combination of tacrolimus (TAC) and sirolimus (SIR) has recently proved to be a very effective immunosuppressive regimen in organ transplantation. In pediatric transplant recipients, co-administration of these two drugs has been shown to result in a significant decrease of exposure to TAC, whereas conflicting data have been obtained regarding this pharmacokinetic interaction in adults. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of SIR on TAC pharmacokinetics in adult transplant recipients. Sixteen adult patients (mean age 38+/-8 years), who had been on standard TAC plus low-dose SIR immunosuppressive treatment for 6 months after renal transplantation, were enrolled for a TAC pharmacokinetic study before and 15 days after discontinuing SIR. Eight patients had received SIR 0.5 mg day(-1) and eight patients 2 mg day(-1). TAC doses remained the same in all patients after SIR withdrawal. After discontinuing SIR, statistically significant, dose-dependent increases were observed in area under the curve (AUC), peak (C(max)) and trough (C(min)) TAC concentrations (+15-20% and +27-32%, after discontinuing the 0.5 and the 2 mg day(-1) doses, respectively). Proportional decreases were consistently observed in apparent oral clearance (-13% and -23%). Very good correlations were found between TAC AUC and C(min), both before and after SIR withdrawal (R(2)=0.94, P<0.0001 and R(2)=0.97, P<0.0001, respectively). Our findings clearly demonstrate that the SIR-induced reduction in TAC exposure also takes place in adults and is, therefore, a general, age-independent phenomenon. Hence, TAC levels need to be carefully monitored in transplant recipients of any age, in order to avoid possible TAC overexposure upon SIR discontinuation.

Adult↗