PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Sigmoidoscopes”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 667 records · Page 37Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

[Ischemic necroses of the colon and rectum following alloplastic vessel substitution of the abdominal aorta].

Arterial insufficiency to the colon and rectum followed by ischemic necrosis of this bowel portion is considered to be a rare complication after resection of abdominal aortic aneurysms and alloplastic replacement of the abdominal aorta in arterial occlusive disease. The main symptom is diarrhea and mucus or blood in stool. Sigmoidoscopic examination is of diagnostic value; the treatment of choice has to be colostomy and resection. A causative factor for the development of large bowel necrosis is diminution of collateral blood supply, which is discussed in detail.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Patient response to sigmoidoscopy. A randomized, controlled trial of rigid and flexible sigmoidoscopy.

Sigmoidoscopy could aid in the control of large bowel cancer by early detection of the 55% of colorectal cancers that develop in the rectosigmoid and by the identification and eradication of significant rectosigmoid adenomas. Rigid sigmoidoscopy has had poor patient acceptance and therefore has not been successful. The present study is a prospective randomized trial to evaluate patient response to flexible as compared with rigid sigmoidoscopy. Patients reported significantly less discomfort (10.1% versus 29.7%), anxiety (9.8% versus 27.6%) and embarrassment (5.2% versus 12.8%) during flexible as compared with rigid sigmoidoscopy. Flexible sigmoidoscopy appears to have better patient acceptance than rigid sigmoidoscopy (P less than 0.01). This could enhance its value as a cancer-control instrument. This article addresses the feasibility of sigmoidoscopy. Its validity also needs to be addressed within the framework of a long-term trial, evaluating mortality for rectosigmoid cancer.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A combined flexible sigmoidoscopy and double-contrast barium enema service: initial experience.

BACKGROUND: A service has been instituted offering a combined single-stage procedure of flexible sigmoidoscopy and double-contrast barium enema (FS/DCBE). The results have been reviewed in the first 80 patients to undergo this examination (45 male: 35 female; mean age 61.4 years). METHODS: Indications for investigation were abdominal pain or suspected diverticular disease (22 patients), altered bowel habit (19), rectal bleeding (17), iron deficiency anemia (6), and miscellaneous (16). FS was followed immediately by DCBE. Radiographs were reviewed by two radiologists unaware of the FS findings. RESULTS: The extent of FS was to the proximal sigmoid or sigmoid descending colon or splenic flexure in 12.5%, and mid or distal sigmoid in 37.5%. Biopsies were performed at FS in 26 patients (33%). In 67 (84%) of DCBEs the barium coating was assessed as satisfactory or better. FS yielded pathological findings not seen at DCBE in 21 patients (26%). DCBE demonstrated additional abnormalities within the range of the FS examination in 15 patients (19%), almost entirely due to its increased sensitivity for diverticular disease. CONCLUSION: FS/DCBE is feasible as a one-stage combined procedure. The quality of DCBE following FS is satisfactory, and the extra yield of FS and its potential for biopsy make the combined FS/DCBE a useful technique in the investigation of large bowel disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Screening of colorectal cancer.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a cancer in a disappointing location. However, its location clearly has an advantage that could theoretically permit efficient secondary prevention: the preceding of the cancer by a benign lesion, ie, the adenoma. Complete colonoscopy and its substitute, the double-contrast barium enema, and their specific limitations, must be reserved for high-risk patients: hereditary cancers and ulcerative colitis. For all the others, ie, adults of 45 years of age and with standard risks, the proposal is either to select the patients to be colonoscoped through occult blood testing of the stools or to perform a fiber sigmoidoscopy or a combination of both. Although imperfect, both methods allow the detection of polyps and cancers at a presymptomatic stage, when they are either benign or malignant, but localized and with a better prognosis. However, the absolute proof of the benefits of this strategy of screening would be the demonstration by controlled studies of a prolonged survival rate or a decrease in morbidity. Until now, this proof is not fully available.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1979

Comparison of flexible sigmoidoscopy with other diagnostic techniques in the diagnosis of rectocolon neoplasia.

Flexible sigmoidoscopy was compared to rigid sigmoidoscopy in the detection of colorectal neoplasia in a select group of patients. A distance of 30 cm or greater was obtained by flexible sigmoidoscopy in 94% of patients and a distance of 50 cm or greater in 46% of patients. A significant number of cancers and adenomas detected by flexible sigmoidoscopy were not detected by rigid sigmoidoscopy. Flexible sigmoidoscopy was tolerated better than rigid sigmoidoscopy but required twice the time. Flexible sigmoidoscopy could be combined with air-contrast barium enema the same day with the one preparation and did not interfere with the x-ray examination. All cancers and a significant number of adenomas detected subsequently on colonoscopy were detected by the combination of flexible sigmoidoscopy and air-contrast barium enema. Although the combination of flexible sigmoidoscopy and air-contrast barium enema is not adequate for thorough diagnostic evaluation of patients with a positive screening test, it may be of value in other select clinical situations. Flexible sigmoidoscopy has the potential for higher yield and better patient tolerance as compared to rigid sigmoidoscopy. This warrants further evaluation.

Adenoma↗
PubMed2001

Rectal retroflexion: an essential part of lower gastrointestinal endoscopic examination.

PURPOSE: Retroflexion of the endoscope during rectal examination may increase diagnostic yield but is not routinely performed because of concerns about safety and a lack of appreciation of its importance. The purpose of this study was to examine the yield, safety, and tolerance of endoscopic rectal retroflexion. METHODS: Prospective cohorts of subjects undergoing unsedated screening flexible sigmoidoscopy were examined with and without routine retroflexion. Pain scores were recorded. RESULTS: A total of 526 subjects (mean age 60 (range, 55-66) years) underwent flexible sigmoidoscopy in the first period when the endoscope was not routinely retroflexed. Of these, 480 (mean age 60 (range, 55-66) years) were subsequently examined with routine retroflexion. Retroflexion was impossible in 17 subjects (3.5 percent) because of discomfort. In the second group, 12 subjects (2.5 percent) had polyps in the lower rectum seen only on retroflexion. Of these, eight had metaplastic and four had adenomatous polyps (3 tubular <5 mm, 1 tubulovillous 15 mm). There was no difference in mean pain scores between the groups (no retroflexion = 2.13, retroflexion = 2.18). CONCLUSION: With an adenoma pick-up rate of 8 to 12 percent for screening flexible sigmoidoscopy, retroflexion increases adenoma detection by approximately 1 percent without adverse effects and should be an integral part of flexible sigmoidoscopy.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1985

Efficacy of a simplified lower gastrointestinal flexible endoscope cleaning method.

Published guidelines from the Center for Disease Control (CDC) "strongly recommended" gas sterilization or 30 minutes of high-level disinfection with either 2 percent glutaraldehyde or 6 percent hydrogen peroxide following each flexible endoscope cleansing for proper care. The guidelines were proposed on the basis of previous CDC studies performed on glutaraldehyde disinfection of respiratory equipment. A prospective study was performed culturing flexible endoscopes following cannulation of the lower gastrointestinal tract and cleansing. A uniform endoscope cleansing method without gas sterilization or high-level disinfection was used between patients. Thirty aerobic and 30 anaerobic RODAC bacterial culturings revealed no obligate anaerobic organism growth and only sparse, aerobic, environmental and cutaneous organism growth. There were no instances of documented or suspected postendoscopy infectious complications. Our results indicate that high-level disinfection and gas sterilization of flexible endoscopes are not necessary to prevent bacterial disease transmission from patient to patient.

Bacteria, Aerobic↗
PubMed1988

Fluorescein endoscopy. A technique for noninvasive assessment of intestinal ischemia.

Late diagnosis contributes significantly to the mortality and morbidity of mesenteric ischemia. Although flexible endoscopy permits noninvasive assessment of the colon, ischemic colitis is often difficult to differentiate from nonspecific proctitis/colitis or mucosal changes seen in inflammatory bowel diseases. Intravenously administered fluorescein sodium (FSC) has long been used intraoperatively to assess bowel viability because its uptake is inversely proportional to the degree of intestinal ischemia. The authors wished to determine if FSC could be used to augment conventional endoscopy in an attempt to identify and monitor ischemic areas of the bowel within reach of the endoscope. Segmental mesenteric ligation of canine rectum was performed, and serial transanal biopsies obtained. Endoscopy was performed after intravenous FSC administration, using a rigid proctoscope, with a long-wave ultraviolet light source inserted into the lumen of the scope. Areas of nonspecific-appearing proctitis did not take up FSC and were easily differentiated from well-perfused areas by their failure to fluoresce. Ischemic areas were monitored in this manner over a 28-day period. Complete resolution of ischemic mucosal changes occurred with late stricture formation. In humans, the sigmoid and left colon are the areas most frequently affected by ischemic colitis. Because long-wave ultraviolet light is not transmitted through glass fibers, a different light source was needed for potential clinical application. To this end, a single fiber of an argon laser was inserted through the instrument channel of a colonoscope, resulting in greater fluorescence than seen with the ultraviolet light. FSC endoscopy appears to be a sensitive and accurate method of detecting and monitoring ischemic colitis and has many potential clinical applications.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Endoscopic retrieval of foreign bodies from the rectum.

A technique is described and illustrated by case reports wherein removal of foreign bodies of the rectum is simplified by using the flexible sigmoidscope. Evidence from the literature indicates that delayed perforation is rare in this situation, and that outpatient management would suffice for most patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Flexible fiberoptic sigmoidoscopy--the Monroe Clinic experience. A prospective study of 5000 examinations.

Analysis of 5000 consecutive flexible fiberoptic sigmoidoscopies form the basis of this report. It is concluded that this method of examination of the distal large bowel is not only safe and comfortable for the patient but is a more appropriate examination than the rigid proctosigmoidoscopy because of the significant increase in pathologic material found. This examination has proven practical and acceptable in a multispecialty clinic setting and has completely replaced rigid proctosigmoidoscopy. Flexible sigmoidoscopy is now the standard "routine" examination of the rectum and distal colon. The rationale for this conclusion is presented in this timely report.

Adolescent↗