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A basic experiment showing the possibility of combining microwave local heating of subcutaneous living tissue, and microwave radiometry by the same system was carried out. The combined process may be used - in hyperthermia therapy, for measurement and control of the local temperature, - in some diagnoses using radiometry to detect diseased tissue.
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The thermal measurement method of Hippocrates, which has been referred to as the first for measuring body temperature, was reproduced and the image obtained was compared with an infra-red radiation thermogram. Hippocrates' method involves covering the patient's thorax with an earth-soaked cloth. As the warmer areas dry faster, the pattern of enlargement of the dry area shows the temperature distribution. Therefore, it appears that Hippocrates was the first to obtain thermograms.
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This paper reviews and discusses strategies for the use of thermal imaging for studies of stomatal conductance in the field and compares techniques for image collection and analysis. Measurements were taken under a range of environmental conditions and on sunlit and shaded canopies to illustrate the variability of temperatures and derived stress indices. A simple procedure is presented for correcting for calibration drift within the images from the low-cost thermal imager used (SnapShot 225, Infrared Solutions, Inc.). The use of wet and dry reference surfaces as thresholds to eliminate the inclusion of non-leaf material in the analysis of canopy temperature is discussed. An index that is proportional to stomatal conductance was compared with stomatal measurements with a porometer. The advantages and disadvantages of a possible new approach to the use of thermal imagery for the detection of stomatal closure in grapevine canopies, based on an analysis of the temperature of shaded leaves, rather than sunlit leaves, are discussed. Evidence is presented that the temperature of reference surfaces exposed within the canopy can be affected by the canopy water status.
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